CN111100984A - Titanium slag treatment method - Google Patents
Titanium slag treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111100984A CN111100984A CN201910488096.3A CN201910488096A CN111100984A CN 111100984 A CN111100984 A CN 111100984A CN 201910488096 A CN201910488096 A CN 201910488096A CN 111100984 A CN111100984 A CN 111100984A
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- pellets
- ferrotitanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
- C22B34/1227—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes using an oxygen containing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating titanic iron composite ore, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding a binder into the titanic iron composite ore containing titanium oxide and iron oxide, and cold-pressing into titanic iron pellets; (2) mixing the ferrotitanium pellets obtained in the step (1) with a reducing agent and a desulfurizing agent in proportion to obtain a mixture, and feeding the mixture into a coal-based shaft furnace through a material distribution device; (3) in the coal-based shaft furnace, reacting the mixture at 1100-1250 ℃ for 10-18 hours to ensure that the ferrotitanium pellets and the reducing agent undergo a reduction reaction to obtain reduced ferrotitanium pellets; (4) and transferring the reduced ferrotitanium pellets to a melting furnace, heating to 1400-1600 ℃, melting one part of components of the ferrotitanium pellets into liquid, keeping the other part of the components of the ferrotitanium pellets as solid, and respectively recovering the components after solid-liquid separation. The method for treating the ferrotitanium composite ore is beneficial to removing impurities, improves the recovery rate of titanium resources to more than 80 percent, reduces the energy consumption of the whole process by more than 30 percent, and reduces the investment by more than 40 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of efficient utilization of titanium resources, and particularly relates to a treatment method of titanium and iron-containing composite ore.
Background
Titanium is an important strategic resource, and the titanium-containing material is widely applied to industries such as buildings, automobiles, railways, medical treatment, national defense and military industry, aerospace and the like. The comprehensive development and high-efficiency utilization of titanium resources are enhanced, the sustainable development of the titanium industry is promoted, and the method has important significance for industrial development and national defense construction in China. In recent years, the development of titanium products in China has been greatly improved, but the problems in the aspects of resource guarantee, comprehensive utilization, product grade, technical equipment level and the like still exist: the resource development is extensive, the utilization level is not high, and the recovery and utilization rate of the titanium resource is low; the deep processing is insufficient, and the gathering advantage is not formed; the product grade is not high, and the research and development and the production of high-end products are still in the starting stage.
The titanium-rich material industry in China starts from the 20 th century and the 50 th century, the previously mastered high titanium slag production technology is the production of high titanium slag by a small-sized open electric furnace, but the production scale is small, the technology and equipment are lagged behind, the environmental pollution is serious, and the process is gradually eliminated. In recent years, the high-titanium slag industry in China realizes the large-scale production of titanium slag by introducing and absorbing foreign advanced technologies, but still has high energy consumption and low product quality, and is difficult to be used as a raw material of high-end titanium products.
The low-quality titanium-containing and iron-containing tailings have low content of titaniferous materials and no direct economic utilization value, and because the ore phase structure is complex, the iron and the titanium cannot be effectively separated by adopting the conventional direct separation process at present, the yield is low, the separation cost is high, and better economic benefit cannot be generated. In the past, a large amount of solid waste is generated and needs to be treated.
In addition, in some processes disclosed in the prior art, for example, in a process of directly sorting ores containing iron and titanium after reduction by using a submerged arc furnace, only ores containing titanium oxide more than 43% can be processed, and for lower-quality tailings containing titanium and iron and containing titanium with titanium content lower than that, the ores cannot be processed, or the required energy consumption is high, which is not beneficial to saving the cost.
Therefore, development of a titanium slag treatment process with reduced energy consumption and high titanium recovery rate is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims at the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the titaniferous iron ore, and adopts the titanium slag treatment method, the metal oxide impurities which are easy to reduce at low temperature are reduced into metal simple substance impurities by a process route of selectively and directly reducing the metal oxide impurities into the metal impurities and then melting and removing the metal impurities to efficiently enrich the titanium materials, and finally the metal simple substance impurities are melted into liquid metal impurities by a melting and separating device to be separated from the titanium-containing compound which is difficult to reduce and melt, so that the high-quality titanium-rich material and the high-end metal base material are obtained, the obtained two main products have high added value and good economic benefit, and the problem of low-quality utilization of solid waste resources is effectively solved.
The treatment method of the ferrotitanium composite ore comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a binder into the titanic iron composite ore containing titanium oxide and iron oxide, and cold-pressing into titanic iron pellets;
(2) mixing the ferrotitanium pellets obtained in the step (1) with a reducing agent and a desulfurizing agent according to the weight ratio of 1 (0.3-0.7) to (0.05-0.15) to obtain a mixture, and feeding the mixture into a coal-based shaft furnace through a material distribution device;
(3) in the coal-based shaft furnace, reacting the mixture at 1100-1250 ℃ for 10-18 hours to ensure that the ferrotitanium pellets and the reducing agent undergo a reduction reaction to obtain reduced ferrotitanium pellets;
(4) and transferring the reduced ferrotitanium pellets to a melting furnace, heating to 1400-1600 ℃, melting one part of components of the ferrotitanium pellets into liquid, keeping the other part of the components of the ferrotitanium pellets as solid, and respectively recovering the components after solid-liquid separation.
In the method for treating the ilmenite compound ore, the ilmenite compound ore is treated by TiO2The titanium oxide content calculated by taking the iron element as the reference is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the total iron content calculated by taking the iron element as the reference is more than or equal to 36 percent.
In the step (1), the cold pressing refers to the preparation of the massive pellets by a ball press or other equipment. In the invention, the cold pressing process is not limited, as long as the ferrotitanium composite ore can be formed into pellets.
The weight ratio of the ferrotitanium pellets added in the step (2) to the reducing agent and the desulfurizing agent is 1 (0.3-0.7) to 0.05-0.15. By adopting the proportion range, the iron oxide in the ferrotitanium pellets can be fully reduced in the subsequent reduction reaction, so that the full separation of titanium and iron is realized.
In the step (3), the reaction is carried out for 10-18 hours at the temperature of 1100-1250 ℃, and the iron oxide in the ferrotitanium pellets is reduced by a reducing agent to generate simple substance iron. TiO, in addition to iron2Etc. still exist in the form of oxides. Preferably, the reaction is carried out at 1200-1250 ℃ for 12-16 hours.
In the step (4), the reduced ferrotitanium pellets are transferred to a melting furnace, and elemental substances such as iron generated in the reduction in the step (3) are melted into liquid at a melting temperature of 1400-1600 ℃. However, in the step (3), the titanide in the ferrotitanium pellet is still kept in a solid state at a heating temperature of 1400 to 1600 ℃ due to the high melting point, so that separation between titanium and iron is realized, and titanium slag with high titanium content remaining as a solid and iron nuggets melted as a liquid are obtained.
In the treatment method of the ferrotitanium composite ore, the reduction efficiency is high, the reduction rate of more than 95 percent is obtained, and the full separation of titanium and iron is realized, so that the titanium content in the obtained titanium slag is high. Therefore, the ilmenite to be treated according to the present invention can be treated even when the titanium content is low. For example, in the prior art of directly sorting ores containing iron and titanium after reduction by using a submerged arc furnace, because the reduction efficiency is not high, titanium and iron cannot be sufficiently separated, only ores containing titanium oxide more than 43% can be processed, and tailings containing titanium and iron with lower quality and titanium content than the ores containing titanium and iron cannot be processed, or the required energy consumption is high, which is not beneficial to saving the cost. In the method for treating ilmenite of the present invention, preferably, the above-mentioned ilmenite is treated with TiO2The titanium oxide content calculated by taking the iron element as the reference is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the total iron content calculated by taking the iron element as the reference is more than or equal to 36 percent. That is, the method of treating ilmenite according to the invention reduces the lower limit of the titanium content to 40% and the lower limit of the iron content to 36% in the ilmenite that can be treated.
In the method for treating the ilmenite composite ore, the step (3) is preferably carried out at 1200-1250 ℃ for 12-16 hours.
In the method for treating a titanic iron composite ore of the present invention, in the step (2), the reducing agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of semi-coke, charcoal, anthracite, lignite, bituminous coal, and coke, and is preferably used at a high cost performance in consideration of resource conditions of a user. The desulfurizing agent is limestone or dolomite and the like, and has the function of removing sulfur brought in the raw material of the reducing agent.
In the treatment method of the ferrotitanium composite ore, in the step (2), the desulfurizer is limestone or dolomite.
In the method for treating ilmenite of the present invention, in the step (1), the binder is an organic binder and is made of a raw material mainly containing a hydrocarbon such as molasses or starch. In the present invention, the selection of the adhesive is not particularly limited, and an adhesive commonly used by those skilled in the art can be used, and is preferably economically used.
The melting furnace used in the step (4) of the method for treating ilmenite of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an induction furnace using induction heating or an electric arc furnace using electrode heating.
The treatment method of the ferrotitanium composite ore has the following beneficial effects:
the method for treating the ferrotitanium composite ore reduces other main metal oxide impurities into simple substance metal impurities by selecting a low-temperature reduction technology under the condition of not reducing titanium compounds, wherein the reduction rate needs to reach more than 95 percent, so that the method is favorable for removing the impurities, improves the recovery rate of titanium resources to more than 80 percent, reduces the energy consumption of the whole process by more than 30 percent, and reduces the investment by more than 40 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process for treating an ilmenite composite ore of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the method of treating an ilmenite composite ore of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a binder is added to low-quality ilmenite and a titanium nodular iron is obtained by cold pressing, and the obtained titanium nodular iron is mixed with a reducing agent and a desulfurizing agent in a ratio of 1: (0.3-0.7) and (0.05-0.15) to obtain a mixture, and feeding the mixture into a coal-based shaft furnace through a material distribution device. In the coal-based shaft furnace, fuel gas is used as a heat source, the mixture is reacted for 10-18 hours at the temperature of 1100-1250 ℃, and ferrotitanium pellets and a reducing agent are subjected to reduction reaction to obtain reduced ferrotitanium pellets. And then discharging the reacted materials in the coal-based shaft furnace, removing residual reducing agent and the like, transferring the reduced ferrotitanium pellets into an electric furnace serving as a melting furnace, heating to 1400-1600 ℃, so that one part of the reduced ferrotitanium pellets is melted into liquid and the other part of the reduced ferrotitanium pellets is kept as solid, and obtaining high-titanium slag and iron-containing byproducts through solid-liquid separation.
Example 1:
using TiO as2The ilmenite with titanium oxide content of 43 percent calculated as the reference and total iron content of 36 percent calculated by taking iron element as the reference is added with a proper amount of adhesive and is cold-pressed into ilmenite pellets by a double-roller ball press. The ferrotitanium pellets, semi coke and limestone are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 100:50:0.05, then the mixture is sent into a shaft furnace through a material distribution trolley, the shaft furnace runs from top to bottom, after the temperature is controlled to be 1200 ℃ in a reduction section and stays for 13 hours, furnace burden is cooled to 650 ℃ from a lower cooling area and then discharged, and the reduced ferrotitanium pellets are separated from other furnace burden through a hot screen. The metallization rate of the reduced ferrotitanium pellets is more than or equal to 95 percent,
then, the reduced ferrotitanium pellets are added into an electric arc furnace serving as a melting furnace through a charging bucket, the temperature is heated to 1500 ℃, a molten iron pool with the capacity of 30 percent is reserved in the electric arc furnace, metal simple substances such as iron and the like in the pellets are melted, titanium oxide and the like automatically float upwards and are layered with molten iron due to light specific gravity, and therefore TiO is effectively obtained2Titanium slag with high titanium content of more than or equal to 75 percent.
Example 2:
using TiO as2Ilmenite with titanium oxide content of 47% calculated as reference and total iron content of 36% calculated on the basis of iron element is added with a proper amount of binder and is cold-pressed into ilmenite pellets by a double-roller ball press. The ferrotitanium pellets
Uniformly mixing the slag with anthracite and dolomite according to the proportion of 100:60:0.05, then feeding the slag into a shaft furnace through a distribution belt, running from top to bottom, controlling the temperature to 1250 ℃ in a reduction section, staying for 10 hours, cooling the furnace charge from a lower cooling area to 100 ℃, discharging the furnace charge, and separating the reduced ferrotitanium pellets from other furnace charges through a hot screen. The metallization rate of the reduced ferrotitanium pellets is more than or equal to 95 percent,
then, the reduced ferrotitanium pellets are added into an induction furnace serving as a melting furnace through a charging bucket, the induction furnace is heated to 1500 ℃, a molten iron bath with the capacity of 30 percent is reserved in an electric arc furnace, metal simple substances such as iron and the like in the pellets are melted, titanium oxide and the like automatically float upwards and are layered with molten iron due to light specific gravity, and therefore TiO is effectively obtained2Titanium slag with high titanium content of more than or equal to 80 percent.
Example 3:
using TiO as2Ilmenite with titanium oxide content of 45% calculated as the reference and total iron content of 36% calculated by taking iron as the reference is added with a proper amount of binder and is subjected to cold pressing by a double-roller ball press to form ilmenite pellets. The ferrotitanium pellets
Uniformly mixing the raw materials with bituminous coal and limestone according to the ratio of 100:60:0.05, feeding the mixture into a shaft furnace through a material distribution belt, running from top to bottom, controlling the temperature to be 1100 ℃ in a reduction section, staying for 18 hours, cooling furnace materials from a lower cooling area to 300 ℃, discharging the furnace materials, and separating reduced ferrotitanium pellets from other furnace materials through a hot screen. The metallization rate of the reduced ferrotitanium pellets is more than or equal to 95 percent,
then, the reduced ferrotitanium pellets are added into an induction furnace serving as a melting furnace through a charging bucket, the induction furnace is heated to 1500 ℃, a molten iron bath with the capacity of 30 percent is reserved in an electric arc furnace, metal simple substances such as iron and the like in the pellets are melted, titanium oxide and the like automatically float upwards and are layered with molten iron due to light specific gravity, and therefore TiO is effectively obtained2Titanium slag with high titanium content of more than or equal to 80 percent.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for treating a titanic iron composite ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a binder into the titanic iron composite ore containing titanium oxide and iron oxide, and cold-pressing into titanic iron pellets;
(2) mixing the ferrotitanium pellets obtained in the step (1) with a reducing agent and a desulfurizing agent according to the weight ratio of 1 (0.3-0.7) to (0.05-0.15) to obtain a mixture, and feeding the mixture into a coal-based shaft furnace through a material distribution device;
(3) in the coal-based shaft furnace, reacting the mixture at 1100-1250 ℃ for 10-18 hours to ensure that the ferrotitanium pellets and the reducing agent undergo a reduction reaction to obtain reduced ferrotitanium pellets;
(4) and transferring the reduced ferrotitanium pellets to a melting furnace, heating to 1400-1600 ℃, melting one part of components of the ferrotitanium pellets into liquid, keeping the other part of the components of the ferrotitanium pellets as solid, and respectively recovering the components after solid-liquid separation.
2. The process for treating ilmenite of claim 1, wherein the ilmenite is treated with TiO2The titanium oxide content calculated by taking the iron element as the reference is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the total iron content calculated by taking the iron element as the reference is more than or equal to 36 percent.
3. The method for treating ilmenite composite ore according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3), the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 1100 to 1250 ℃ for 12 to 16 hours.
4. The method for treating ilmenite composite ore according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of semi-coke, charcoal, anthracite, lignite, bituminous coal, and coke.
5. The method for treating ilmenite composite ore according to claim 1, characterized in that the desulfurizing agent is limestone or dolomite.
6. The method of treating ilmenite composite ore according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder is an organic binder.
7. The process for treating ilmenite according to claim 1, characterized in that the melting furnace is an induction furnace based on induction heating or an electric arc furnace using electrode heating.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113174458A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-27 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | Comprehensive recovery process of vanadium titano-magnetite |
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CN113174458A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-27 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | Comprehensive recovery process of vanadium titano-magnetite |
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