CN111092487A - Application of broadband carrier to non-metering function of intelligent electric energy meter - Google Patents
Application of broadband carrier to non-metering function of intelligent electric energy meter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application of a broadband carrier to the non-metering function of an intelligent electric energy meter, which comprises a low-voltage electric equipment voltage monitoring method based on the broadband carrier, a real-time line impedance calculation method based on the broadband carrier, a station area identification method based on the broadband carrier, a power failure event type studying and judging method based on the broadband carrier, a three-phase sequence identification method based on the broadband carrier and the like; the invention can be widely applied to the electricity consumption information acquisition system to improve the application quality of electricity consumption acquisition data, deeply excavate tens of millions of application spaces with non-metering functions of intelligent electric energy meters and meet the increasing requirements of real-time and interactive services of various specialties of a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent sensing and intelligent terminals, and particularly relates to application of broadband carrier waves to a non-metering function of an intelligent electric energy meter.
Background
The broadband carrier communication technology is a high-speed power line communication technology, and the power line communication technology is a communication technology for data transmission using a power line as a communication medium. The power line is the most popular physical medium with the widest coverage range, the power line is used for transmitting data information, great convenience is achieved, and all electric appliances connected with the power line can form a communication network without rewiring to carry out information interaction and communication. The method is simple to implement and convenient to maintain, can effectively reduce the operation cost and reduce the expenditure for constructing a new communication network, and therefore, the method becomes a main communication means for application of smart grids, energy management, smart homes, photovoltaic power generation, electric vehicle charging and the like.
With the continuous improvement of the intelligent level of a power grid, the outstanding requirements on lean management and the proposal of the general planning of the construction of the ubiquitous power internet of things, higher requirements are put forward on the non-metering function application of the intelligent electric energy meter which realizes 'full coverage and full collection', and wider business support capability is provided for various specialties such as marketing, operation and inspection, scheduling and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide application of broadband carrier waves to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter, realize the non-metering function application of the intelligent electric energy meter with rich scenes by utilizing the broadband carrier wave communication technology, and provide wider service support capability for various specialties such as marketing, operation and inspection, scheduling and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter.
Furthermore, the method comprises the application of monitoring the voltage of the low-voltage electric equipment, wherein the detection method comprises the steps of extracting the peak value change information characteristics of the commercial power and analyzing the fluctuation condition of the commercial power by using a broadband carrier zero-crossing detection method so as to monitor the voltage of the low-voltage electric equipment.
Further, it includes the application in real-time line impedance calculation, and the detection method includes:
establishing a line impedance and load equivalent model, and under the condition of light load,
UAC＝IA×Zline+IA×ZLoad(s)
Wherein, IA×ZLoad(s)＝UA；
When the load changes after the metering point, the load is switched from light load to heavy load, and the output of the alternating current voltage source is kept unchanged at the changing moment, namely
UA+IA×ZLine＝UB+IB×ZLine
Thus, it is possible to provide
ZLine＝(UA-UB)/(IB-IA)
Further, the method comprises the application of the method to the station area identification
The networking process uses an SNR method to carry out rapid evaluation, and realizes the initial rapid network access and the station area attribution identification;
after the identification of the station area is started, the CCO periodically sends zero-crossing NTB information, so that the zero-crossing NTB value of the CCO or the STA can be transmitted;
the node performs zero-crossing NTB similarity analysis locally and calculates the affiliated station area by combining SNR data, and if the node is not in the file of the current route, the node can freely leave the network and select the identified affiliated station area to access the network; if the identification result is in the file, waiting for the CCO to inquire the platform area identification result;
the CCO inquires the identification result of the node platform area, and after the node replies, the CCO reports the result to the concentrator; and monitoring after the nodes are powered on in the networking stage, counting the SNR value of each network during monitoring, preferentially accessing the network with the maximum SNR, and if the nodes fail, selecting the network with the maximum SNR, and so on.
Further, the method comprises the application of the method in the study and judgment of the power failure event types, wherein the power failure event types comprise a whole station area power failure event, a station area phase failure event and a station area branch power failure event.
Further, the method for judging the power failure event of the whole area comprises the following steps:
judging whether the terminal has power failure, if not, judging whether the power failure report of the user meter is received, if so, reporting the power failure of the user meter to a master station, and if not, judging whether the terminal has power failure again;
if the power failure of the terminal is judged, judging whether the waiting time exceeds 30 seconds, if the waiting time exceeds 30 seconds, reporting the normal invalid power failure of the terminal, and finishing the judgment; if the time does not exceed 30 seconds, judging whether the user list is received and reported after being powered on, if so, judging whether the time exceeds 5 blocks, if not, judging the number of the 5 blocks is the maximum number, if so, judging that the reporting terminal normally has effective power failure, and ending the judgment; if the number of the blocks is not more than 5, reporting that the user meter has power failure to the master station.
The method for studying and judging the phase failure and power failure events of the transformer area comprises the following steps:
comprehensively studying and judging by taking the transformer area as a dimension and combining a terminal phase failure event, the household meter power failure information and the phase information thereof;
and the master station starts timing after receiving the power failure information of the first user meter reported by the station area, and judges the phase failure and power failure of the station area and records the phase failure information if the master station receives the power failure events reported by 10 or more user meters under the same phase of the station area within 5 minutes and simultaneously receives the phase failure events of the terminal within the time range.
Further, the method for judging the power failure event of the station zone branch comprises the following steps:
comprehensively studying and judging by taking the transformer area as a dimension and combining a terminal phase failure event, the household meter power failure information and the phase information thereof;
and the master station starts timing after receiving the power failure information of the first user meter reported by the station area, and judges that the branch of the station area has power failure if the master station receives power failure events reported by 10 or more user meters under the same phase of the station area within 5 minutes and does not receive a terminal phase failure event within the time range, and records the branch information.
Further, it includes applications in three-phase sequence identification:
the broadband carrier communication module is provided with a zero-crossing detection circuit, intelligent identification of the phase of the electric energy meter is achieved in the normal network access and meter reading processes, the concentrator obtains phase information of the electric energy meter through the local module, and the master station calls and tests related information.
Furthermore, when only a single-phase zero-crossing detection circuit is arranged on the hardware of the three-phase meter module, the A phase connected with the zero-crossing circuit is used as a phase identification reference.
The invention has the positive effects that:
1. obvious economic benefit
The invention can be widely applied to an electricity consumption information acquisition system to improve the application quality of electricity consumption acquisition data, deeply excavate tens of millions of application spaces of non-metering functions of intelligent electric energy meters, meet the increasing requirements of real-time and interactive services of various specialties of a power grid, and reduce the investment of capital, equipment and manpower for electricity consumption data processing and analysis of various specialties, thereby saving the cost for the construction of three types and two networks.
2. The technical risk is low
The theoretical requirements can be met by carrying out related function extension on the object-oriented communication protocol and the 1376.2 acquisition terminal local communication module interface protocol. The obtained low-voltage electric equipment has high data real-time performance, a data processing and analyzing method is convenient, reliable, clear in technical route and high in feasibility, and can be popularized in a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a line impedance and load equivalent model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified model of the line impedance calculation according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the zone identification of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the power outage event study and determination in the entire area according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the determination of a phase loss event or a branch outage event according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of the hardware design of the system of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a power line zero-crossing detection circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention mainly relates to application of broadband carrier waves to the non-metering function of an intelligent electric energy meter, which comprises the following steps:
a. the method extracts the peak value change information characteristics of the commercial power by using a broadband carrier zero-crossing detection method, thereby further analyzing the fluctuation condition of the commercial power and being used for monitoring the voltage of low-voltage electric equipment.
b. The impedance equivalent calculation model of the segmented circuit is provided, and the impedance of the real-time circuit of the low-voltage area is calculated by utilizing the high-frequency characteristic of a broadband carrier.
c. The method for identifying the station area by combining multiple characteristic values for judgment is provided, the characteristic information quantity of the zero crossing NTB, the SNR and the like of the station area is extracted, and the accuracy rate and the identification efficiency of the station area identification are effectively improved.
d. The method for researching and judging the distribution network power failure event types is provided, the identification and reporting of the whole distribution network power failure event, the distribution network branch power failure, the distribution network phase failure and the single-user power failure are supported, and accurate positioning is provided for distribution network fault first-aid repair.
e. The power supply phase of a carrier module (an electric energy meter) is accurately identified by utilizing a broadband carrier zero-crossing synchronous transmission technology and a three-phase concurrency technology, and field operation and maintenance personnel are assisted to find out the wiring error of the electric energy meter by reporting the wiring abnormal event of the electric energy meter.
f. The system hardware is designed and mainly comprises a PLC processing unit, a broadband carrier communication unit, a metering unit, a data storage unit, a zero-crossing detection unit and the like. The PLC processing unit is responsible for operation, data processing and other work of equipment, the carrier communication unit is responsible for communication between a broadband carrier STA and a broadband carrier CCO module of the routing equipment, the metering unit is responsible for data measurement and collection, the data storage unit is responsible for storage of metering data, load recording data, event recording data and other data, and the zero-crossing detection unit can realize real access of power frequency cycle information and phase information of the electric equipment and additionally provide a commercial power peak value change information characteristic.
1. Low-voltage electric equipment voltage monitoring method based on broadband carrier
1.1 zero crossing point detection method capable of feeding back voltage fluctuation of low-voltage electric equipment
The power line zero-crossing detection circuit is widely applied to the fields of power line carrier communication, power equipment, household appliance access switching and the like. GS1102 is a chip special for a zero-crossing detection circuit, the voltage of an input end is detected, when the voltage of the input end is smaller than a threshold value, an optocoupler chip is driven to obtain a power line zero-crossing detection signal, the power line zero-crossing detection signal is provided for an application control system, and when the voltage of the input end is larger than the threshold value, an output end presents a high-impedance state.
The current zero-crossing detection circuits only detect the zero-crossing points of alternating current commercial power and provide power frequency period information and phase information. But based on GS1102, it can be realized to additionally provide the peak variation information characteristic of the utility power, so that the fluctuation situation of the utility power can be further analyzed to form the station area characteristic information.
1.2 Voltage fluctuation acquisition method
When a voltage peak value of a certain period of alternating current changes, leftward or rightward deviation can be generated on a zero crossing point, when a peak value of commercial power becomes large, the zero crossing point can be deviated rightward, and the peak voltage becomes small and can be deviated leftward. And voltage fluctuation information in two adjacent power frequency periods can be obtained by calculating the relative positions of the front zero-crossing point and the rear zero-crossing point. Therefore, the method can be used for power quality of a power grid, district identification and other applications.
2. Real-time line impedance calculation method based on broadband carrier
2.1 equivalent mathematical model
The equivalent model of the power supply, the line impedance and the load of the low-voltage transformer area is shown in fig. 1 (wherein the dashed box can be an ammeter), the left half part of fig. 1 is an equivalent diagram under light load, and the right half part of fig. 1 is an equivalent diagram under heavy load.
UAC ═ IA × Z line + IA × Z load;
wherein IA × Z load is UA.
If a light load is assumed, the equation is the above equation.
When the load changes after the metering point, the load is switched from light load to heavy load, and the output of the alternating current voltage source is kept unchanged at the changing moment, namely
UA + IA × Z line ═ UB + IB × Z line
Thus, it is possible to provide
Line Z ═ UA-UB)/(IB-IA)
The premise that the above equation is established is that the difference between the voltage and current acquisition time of the two previous times and the difference between the voltage and current acquisition time of the two previous times are both equal to 0, namely, the voltage and the current at the same time.
2.2 examples of applications
(1) Assuming that the current IA is 0.5A and the ac voltage output is 220V when a user is lightly loaded, then: z is light load of 440 ohms;
(2) assuming that the current IB is 22A during heavy load and the ac voltage source keeps 220V output, then: the Z heavy load is 10 ohms;
(3) assuming a line loss of 1% under high load conditions, then: the Z line is Z heavy load × 1% ═ 0.1 ohm.
Therefore, the voltage at the metering point is respectively
UA is 220V × 440 ohm/(440 +0.1) ═ 219.95V, UB is 220V × 10 ohm/(10 +0.1) ═ 217.82V, and the actual meter voltage sampling accuracy is 0.1V (communication protocol data format unit 0.1V), then UA is 220.0V, and UB is 217.8V.
Through the voltage and current reading values of the electric meter, the calculated line impedance is as follows:
the Z line (UA-UB)/(IB-IA) 2.2V/21.5A 0.102 ohm. (substantially in line with reality from instantaneous quantity calculation)
2.3 simplified model of line impedance calculation
The low-voltage distribution room wiring can be simplified into a model as shown in fig. 2, and based on an equivalent model, the distribution room power supply line sectional impedance calculation can be realized, that is, U1, U2, U3, U4, I1, I2, I3 and I4 are simultaneously acquired in the distribution room, and assuming that the output of the alternating current voltage source is U0, the impedance of each sectional line is as follows according to a topological relation:
ZL1＝(U0-U1)/(I1+I2+I3+I4)
ZL2＝(U1-U2)/(I2+I3+I4)
ZL3＝(U2-U3)/(I3+I4)
ZL4＝(U3-U4)/(I4)
by simultaneously collecting (or reporting) U1/I1, U2/I2, U3/I3 and U4/I4 in the electric meter, the impedance can be calculated in a segmented mode.
3. Station area identification method based on broadband carrier
The main two reasons for crosstalk of broadband carrier signals among a plurality of station areas are that the broadband carrier signals are caused by a common zero line and are spatially coupled. The strength of the crosstalk signal of the neighbor network is generally weaker than that of the network, and by utilizing the characteristic, the station home identification can be preferentially carried out. By utilizing the characteristic that power frequency zero point change trends are different due to different power loads under different transformers and collecting zero crossing NTB values and performing data analysis, the CCO and STA power frequency zero point change trend with the highest correlation is the correct membership. The SNR recognition is fast and efficient, but the recognition rate of some scenes is low, the zero-crossing NTB recognition is accurate but takes long time, and the two can be combined organically to achieve more accurate identification of the user-variable relationship. The identification process is shown in fig. 3.
3.1 identification procedure
(1) And the networking process uses an SNR method for rapid evaluation to realize initial rapid network access and station area attribution identification.
(2) After the identification of the starting station area, the CCO periodically sends zero-crossing NTB information, so that the zero-crossing NTB value of the CCO or the STA can be transmitted.
(3) And the node locally performs zero-crossing NTB similarity analysis and calculates the affiliated station area by combining SNR data. If the node is not in the file of the current route, the node can freely leave the network and select the identified attribution area to access the network; if the identification result is in the archive, waiting for the CCO to inquire the identification result of the station area.
(4) And the CCO inquires the identification result of the node area, and reports the result to the concentrator after the node replies. And monitoring for a period of time after the nodes are powered on in the networking stage, counting the SNR value of each network during the monitoring period, and preferentially accessing the network with the maximum SNR. If it fails, the selection is next largest, and so on.
3.2 identification phase
(1) The concentrator starts a station area identification command, and the CCO sends notification information of the whole network zero crossing NTB periodically.
(2) And after the STA accesses the network, continuously correcting the identification result according to the SNR and NTB information, and determining the true station area to which the STA belongs.
(3) The STA is not in a white list of the route, identifies that the STA can be off-network when the STA does not belong to the current network access zone and selects the zone to which the STA belongs to access the network; and the STA identifies the station area to which the STA belongs in the white list of the route and then waits for a CCO query result.
(4) And the CCO inquires the identification result in the network node station area, and the STA reports the identification result. The CCO judges the identification result, and if the identification is finished, the result is reported; if not, the inquiry is carried out after a period of time.
(5) And (4) after the station area identification is finished, the CCO stops sending the zero crossing NTB information.
4. Power failure event type studying and judging method based on broadband carrier
4.1 principles for reporting power failure events
Based on a high-speed communication mechanism of broadband carrier communication, the power failure information is reported in a specified time through the slave node module after the power failure of the electric energy meter.
The concentrator master node module and the electric energy meter slave node module are both provided with super capacitors, and the capacity of each super capacitor is not lower than 10F/2.7V. The communication module adopts 12V direct current power supply, and the super capacitor needs to cut off the charging loop when supplying power to the communication module. When the power supply of the carrier module is lower than 12V, the power is still supplied by the electric energy meter. The super capacitor only supplies power to the communication module and does not supply power to the electric energy meter reversely. When power failure occurs, the communication module can maintain the power supply time not less than 60s in a standby state. After the concentrator is powered off, the standby battery can continue to supply power, the power supply time can meet the national grid standard, the information reported by the main node module can be received, and the power failure event of the electric energy meter can be reported.
4.2 Power failure event classification judgment function
The following power failure event types are judged and reported to the master station: the power failure event of the whole area, the branch power failure of the area, the phase failure of the area and the power failure of a single household.
4.3 rules for studying and judging types of power failure events
4.3.1 Power Outage event trigger Condition
(1) Detecting whether a power frequency zero-crossing signal exists or not;
(2) a DC 12V voltage drop;
(3) detecting whether a module is inserted;
the main condition for detecting power frequency zero-crossing signal is to detect power failure, if no power frequency zero-crossing signal is detected in 3 continuous power frequency periods and 12V drops to 9.5V, the power failure is judged, but if the power failure is judged to be the power failure of an electric meter or the power failure caused by mistaken plugging and unplugging, the condition of detecting whether a module is plugged is needed to judge, and a power failure event is generated only when the module meets the conditions.
4.3.2 Whole district blackout event
Defining the self power failure event of the terminal: when the supply voltage is lower than the terminal normal operating critical voltage (60% reference voltage), a terminal power failure event (invalid, normal) occurs.
And (3) defining the power failure event of the whole area: and after the concentrator generates a terminal power failure event, more than 5 electric meter power failure events reported by the local area are received within 30s, and the terminal power failure event (effective and normal) is generated.
The power failure condition of the transformer area is monitored, comprehensive research and judgment are carried out on the power failure information of the electric energy meter in the transformer area on the basis of the terminal power failure event recorded information, and the judgment rule description refers to the power failure function requirement in the 2.1 technical scheme. And comprehensively studying and judging the power failure of the transformer area, and realizing a flow chart as shown in the attached figure 4, wherein if the power failure events of the household meter received at one time exceed 5 blocks during the power failure of the terminal, the power failure events are reported to the master station as numbers.
4.3.3 station area phase loss power outage event
(1) The phase failure is that in a three-phase power supply system, when a certain phase voltage is lower than a set phase failure event voltage trigger upper limit, the phase current is smaller than a set phase failure event current trigger upper limit, and the duration is longer than a set phase failure event judgment delay time, and the working condition is called phase failure.
Note 1: in the case of three-phase three-wire, the voltages Vab and Vcb are involved in the calculation, and the phase-B failure is not determined.
Note 2: when the "open-phase event voltage trigger upper limit" is set to "0", it indicates that the "open-phase event" is not enabled.
(2) And (3) judging the rule of phase loss and power failure in the transformer area: and taking the station area as a dimension, and comprehensively studying and judging the phase failure event of the terminal, the power failure information of the user meter and the phase information of the power failure information. And the master station starts timing after receiving the power failure information of the first user meter reported by the station area, and judges that the station area has phase failure and power failure if the master station receives the power failure event reported by more than 10 user meters (including 10 user meters) under the same phase of the station area within 5 minutes and simultaneously receives the phase failure event of the terminal within the time range, and records the phase failure information.
(3) Terminal phase failure judgment rule: and when the terminal identifies the phase failure, the terminal is required to generate an electric energy meter phase failure event (3003) and report the capacity of the master station. (refer to the intelligent ammeter Enterprise Standard Xuan Tuo Material.)
4.3.4 district Branch Power off event
The power failure judgment rule of the distribution area branch is as follows: and taking the station area as a dimension, and comprehensively studying and judging the phase failure event of the terminal, the power failure information of the household meter and the phase information thereof. And the master station starts timing after receiving the power failure information of the first user meter reported by the station area, and judges that the branch of the station area has power failure if the master station receives the power failure event reported by more than 10 user meters (including 10 user meters) under the same phase of the station area within 5 minutes and does not receive the phase failure event of the terminal within the time range, and records the branch information.
The flow of the station branch power failure/phase failure power failure determination is shown in fig. 5.
4.3.5 Single household blackout event
1) And configuring an event acquisition scheme, directly storing notification event data, if the scheme is not configured, storing the event by default, storing the depth by default, and reporting the identifier as immediate reporting.
2) And the route reports the power failure event, the terminal stores the power failure event according to the event acquisition scheme, the number of the stored events depends on the storage depth in the event acquisition scheme, and the stored event is the power failure event of the electric energy meter.
3) When the terminal stores the power-down event record, the terminal needs to generate event related data and event record serial numbers (sequence generation), the event occurrence time is the route reporting time, the event occurrence source is a carrier/micropower wireless port, and a channel of the event reporting state is carrier/micropower wireless.
4) And the terminal confirms whether the event needs to be reported or not according to the reporting identifier of the event acquisition scheme, and reports the event by default when the event is not configured.
5) And routing the reported power failure events, wherein the terminal cannot filter, screen and store the power failure events according to the electric energy meter set of the event acquisition scheme, but stores all the power failure events.
5. Three-phase sequence identification method based on broadband carrier
The method comprises the steps that a zero-crossing synchronous transmission technology and a three-phase concurrent technology are adopted, time references on each physical channel of a three-phase alternating current commercial power are separated by 3.3ms, carrier signals are concurrently transmitted through the three-phase alternating current commercial power according to the respective time references, the three-phase signals are transmitted in different time slots, a carrier module compares the issuing time of a concentrator command according to the zero-crossing time of each phase, and the power supply phase of the carrier module (an electric energy meter) is accurately identified.
5.1 technical scheme
The main station can call and check accurate phase information of the intelligent electric energy meter through the concentrator main node module, and can display wiring abnormal information of the electric energy meter in the main station aiming at a broadband carrier scheme supporting judgment of wiring abnormal of the electric energy meter.
The broadband carrier communication module is provided with a zero-crossing detection circuit, intelligent identification of the phase of the electric energy meter can be achieved in the normal network access and meter reading processes, the concentrator obtains phase information of the electric energy meter through the local module, and the master station can call and test related information.
For the design scheme that the hardware of the conventional three-phase meter module only has a single-phase zero-crossing detection circuit, the A phase is required to be used as a phase identification reference (the A phase is connected with the zero-crossing circuit).
5.2 communication protocol extensions
698.45 protocol for 5.2.1 concentrator and Master stations
Carrier/micropower wireless interface
Node phase information element
5.2.2 concentrator local communication module interface protocol (Q/GDW 1376.2) extensions
10F31, phase line information is inquired, and format of downlink message data unit:
| data content | Data format | Number of bytes | |
| Node starting | BIN | 2 | |
| Total number of | BIN | 1 |
The meaning of the data content is explained as follows:
node initial sequence number: the first frame in the query phase line information message issued by the concentrator must start with 1.
The number n of nodes: the concentrator sends the number of nodes inquired in the phase line information inquiry message, and the main node is in the first frame. The maximum support in the uplink frame queries 64 nodes.
Note: the phase information herein refers to physical phase, not logical phase for communication.
10F31 queries the phase line information, format of uplink message data unit:
| data content | Data format | Number of bytes | |
| Total number of | BIN | 2 | |
| Node starting | BIN | 2 | |
| The number n of the nodes responded at this | BIN | 1 | |
| |
BIN | 6 | |
| | BIN | 2 | |
| …… | …… | …… | |
| Node n address | BIN | 6 | |
| Node n | BIN | 2 |
The meaning of the data content is explained as follows:
a) the node sequence numbers start with 1, where 1 is the master node, followed by the slave nodes.
b) Each query must start with sequence number 1.
c) The node phase information is shown in the table:
D2-D0: phase information, namely sequentially representing C phase, B phase and A phase of the actual phase of the electric meter according to the position; set "1" to be valid and set "0" to be invalid.
D3: the electric meter type is 0 for a single-phase meter and 1 for a three-phase meter. (Main node this fill 0)
D4: a wiring exception, 0 indicates that there is no exception or the recognition function is not supported from the node line, and 1H indicates that there is an exception from the node line. When the electric energy meter is supplied with power by a single phase, the zero line and the live line are reversely connected; when the electric energy meter supplies power for three phases, the phase sequence of the three-phase meter is abnormal.
D7-D5: three-phase table phase sequence types, see the following table
| D7 | D6 | D5 | Phase sequence representation |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | ABC (Normal phase sequence) |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | ACB |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | BAC |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | Retention |
Master node phase: D0-D2 are all set to 1.
6. Hardware design
6.1 System hardware design principles
As shown in fig. 6, the system hardware mainly comprises a PLC management unit, a wideband carrier communication unit, a metering unit, a data storage unit, a zero-crossing detection unit, and the like. The PLC processing unit is responsible for equipment operation, data processing and other work, the carrier communication unit is responsible for communication between the broadband carrier STA and the broadband carrier CCO module of the routing equipment, the metering unit is responsible for data measurement and collection, the data storage unit is responsible for storage of metering data, load recording data, event recording data and other data, and the zero-crossing detection unit can realize real access of power frequency cycle information and phase information of the electric equipment and additionally provide characteristics of mains supply peak value change information.
6.2 design principle of zero-crossing detection circuit
The power line zero-crossing detection circuit is widely applied to the fields of power line carrier communication, power equipment, household appliance access switching and the like. GS1102 is a chip special for a zero-crossing detection circuit, the voltage of an input end is detected, when the voltage of the input end is smaller than a threshold value, an optocoupler chip is driven to obtain a power line zero-crossing detection signal, the power line zero-crossing detection signal is provided for an application control system, and when the voltage of the input end is larger than the threshold value, an output end presents a high-impedance state. The chip has extremely low power consumption, and the static working current is less than 10uA, so that most of electric energy can be used for driving the optocoupler, a wider zero-crossing detection pulse is obtained, and the system is easier to detect. The Schmitt trigger is adopted for chip input, the lowest input low voltage VIL is 0.6V, the highest input high voltage VIH is 2.5V, the detection precision is high, internal delay processing enables the chip to filter burrs on the power line more easily, and false zero-crossing detection signals caused by noise on the power line are effectively prevented. The chip is internally integrated with a rectifier diode of a power supply required by the chip and the optical coupler, and the input end of the rectifier diode is integrated with a voltage stabilizing diode. The zero-crossing detection circuit can be powered by the input end only by externally connecting a capacitor, and the whole solution needs fewer peripheral devices.
As shown in fig. 7, by adjusting R5, a zero-crossing signal can be generated near the zero-crossing point, so that the power frequency period and phase information of the alternating current can be provided, but because R1-R5 are voltage division relations, when a voltage peak value of a certain period of the alternating current changes, a shift to the left or the right can be generated on the zero-crossing point, when a mains peak value becomes larger, the zero-crossing point shifts to the right, and the peak voltage becomes smaller, the shift to the left can be generated. By calculating the relative position of the front zero crossing point and the rear zero crossing point, the voltage fluctuation information in two adjacent power frequency periods can be obtained. Therefore, the method can be used for power quality of the power grid, station area identification and the like.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter.
2. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the application to the voltage monitoring of low-voltage electric equipment, wherein the detection method comprises the steps of extracting the peak value change information characteristics of commercial power and analyzing the fluctuation condition of the commercial power by utilizing a broadband carrier wave zero-crossing detection method so as to monitor the voltage of the low-voltage electric equipment.
3. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the application to the real-time line impedance calculation, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
establishing a line impedance and load equivalent model, and under the condition of light load,
UAC=IA×Zline+ IA×ZLoad(s)
Wherein, IA×ZLoad(s)=UA；
When the load changes after the metering point, the load is switched from light load to heavy load, and the output of the alternating current voltage source is kept unchanged at the changing moment, namely
UA+IA×ZLine=UB+IB×ZLine
Thus, it is possible to provide
ZLine=（UA-UB）/（IB-IA）。
4. The application of the broadband carrier wave in the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the application in the area identification, and the specific method is as follows:
the networking process uses an SNR method to carry out rapid evaluation, and realizes the initial rapid network access and the station area attribution identification;
after the identification of the station area is started, the CCO periodically sends zero-crossing NTB information, so that the zero-crossing NTB value of the CCO or the STA can be transmitted;
the node performs zero-crossing NTB similarity analysis locally and calculates the affiliated station area by combining SNR data, and if the node is not in the file of the current route, the node can freely leave the network and select the identified affiliated station area to access the network; if the identification result is in the file, waiting for the CCO to inquire the platform area identification result;
the CCO inquires the identification result of the node platform area, and after the node replies, the CCO reports the result to the concentrator; and monitoring after the nodes are powered on in the networking stage, counting the SNR value of each network during the monitoring period, preferentially accessing the network with the maximum SNR, and if the SNR value fails, selecting the network with the maximum SNR, and so on.
5. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the application to the study and judgment of the types of the power failure events, wherein the types of the power failure events comprise a whole area power failure event, a station area phase failure event and a station area branch power failure event.
6. The application of the broadband carrier wave on the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 5, wherein the method for judging the power failure event of the whole area comprises the following steps:
judging whether the terminal has power failure, if not, judging whether the power failure report of the user meter is received, if so, reporting that the user meter has power failure to the master station, and if not, judging whether the terminal has power failure again;
if the power failure of the terminal is judged, judging whether the waiting time exceeds 30 seconds, if the waiting time exceeds 30 seconds, reporting the normal invalid power failure of the terminal, and finishing the judgment; if the time does not exceed 30 seconds, judging whether the user list is received and reported after being powered on, if so, judging whether the time exceeds 5 blocks, if not, judging the number of the 5 blocks is the maximum number, if so, reporting that the terminal is normally and effectively powered off, and ending the judgment; if the number of the blocks is not more than 5, reporting that the user meter has power failure to the master station.
7. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 5, wherein the method for judging the phase failure and power failure event in the transformer area comprises the following steps:
comprehensively studying and judging by taking the transformer area as a dimension and combining a terminal phase failure event, the household meter power failure information and the phase information thereof;
and the master station starts timing after receiving the power failure information of the first user meter reported by the station area, and judges the phase failure and power failure of the station area and records the phase failure information if the master station receives the power failure events reported by 10 or more user meters under the same phase of the station area within 5 minutes and simultaneously receives the phase failure events of the terminal within the time range.
8. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 5, wherein the method for judging the power failure event of the station area branch comprises the following steps:
comprehensively studying and judging by taking the transformer area as a dimension and combining a terminal phase failure event, the household meter power failure information and the phase information thereof;
and the master station starts timing after receiving the power failure information of the first user meter reported by the station area, and judges that the branch of the station area has power failure and records branch information if the master station receives power failure events reported by 10 or more user meters under the same phase of the station area within 5 minutes and does not receive a terminal phase failure event within the time range.
9. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the application to three-phase sequence identification:
the broadband carrier communication module is provided with a zero-crossing detection circuit, intelligent identification of the phase of the electric energy meter is achieved in the normal network access and meter reading processes, the concentrator obtains phase information of the electric energy meter through the local module, and the master station calls and tests related information.
10. The application of the broadband carrier wave to the non-metering function of the intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 9 is characterized in that when only a single-phase zero-crossing detection circuit is arranged on the hardware of the three-phase meter module, the A phase which is connected with the zero-crossing circuit is used as a phase identification reference.
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