CN111091617A - Aircraft accident prediction and three-dimensional visualization system - Google Patents
Aircraft accident prediction and three-dimensional visualization system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aircraft accident prediction and three-dimensional visualization system, which relates to the technical field of aviation accident search, plays an important role in determining accident search areas, searching path planning and visually expressing accident data, and has the specific scheme that: the system comprises a visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module, a teacher station module, a searching module and a visualization module, wherein the visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module is used for panoramic presentation of the environment; the instructor station module is used for providing configuration and preview of the flight state and scene before and after the aircraft generates special situations; the searching module is used for determining a searching area of the aircraft after a special situation occurs; the visualization module is used for generating a simulation model. The technical scheme can realize that: the verisimilitude is as follows: for a civil aircraft crash search simulation system, the verisimilitude is a main index for measuring the system, and a real environment and an aircraft with higher precision are used for modeling and simulation of aircraft crash search.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aviation accident searching, in particular to an aircraft accident prediction and three-dimensional visualization system.
Background
The search for a crashed aircraft is the first step of the search and rescue for civil aircraft. A reasonable crash search model is established, a crash search area and a search path plan are rapidly determined, and visual expression of crash search data is of great significance to search and rescue of civil aircrafts.
At present, the following problems exist in the determination of a casualty search area, the determination of a search path and the visualization of casualty search data: the accident search area is determined based on a continuous space determined on the basis of objective condition analysis of aircraft states, weather conditions and the like, the determined continuous space is large in range and is not beneficial to quickly searching accident aircrafts, and the calculated probability distribution of the accident search area is based on common normal distribution of points and lines, and the influence of the special accident situation of the aircrafts on the probability distribution is not considered; when the aircraft meets special conditions, the flight track and the path of the aircraft can be changed by subjective judgment of a pilot, so that the actual accident site has uncertainty, the existing search path planning considers that the influence of the pilot is less, and the search efficiency is lower; most of the existing accident search systems are accident search decision-making systems, the research on the special accident situation of the aircraft is less, the visual expression of data generated by accident search is simpler, the understanding and the grasping of the accident search data are not facilitated, and the visual expression has less positive influence on the search.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system, which plays an important role in determining a crash search area, planning a search path, and visually expressing crash data.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an aircraft accident prediction and three-dimensional visualization system comprises a visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module, a teacher station module, a search module and a visualization module, wherein the visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module is used for panoramic presentation of an environment; the instructor station module is used for providing configuration and preview of the flight state and scene before and after the aircraft generates special situations; the searching module is used for determining a searching area of the aircraft after a special situation occurs; the visualization module is used for generating a simulation model.
As a preferred scheme, the vision generation and flight accident simulation module comprises a vision generation unit and a flight accident simulation unit; the visual scene generating unit is used for simulating scenes outside the cabin, including runway, terminal building, tower and night light in the airport, roads, buildings, various landforms, moving targets, clouds, fog, rain and snow, and different scenes of different moments which are alternated day and night are presented by different illumination; the flight accident simulation unit is used for simulating aircraft engines and systems, fuselage surface control and aircraft structures.
As a preferred scheme, the visual generation and flight accident simulation module comprises six sub-modules, namely an application layer sub-module, a visual database sub-module, a rendering engine sub-module, a special effect rendering sub-module, a flight simulation sub-module and a correction fusion sub-module.
As a preferred scheme, the configuration and preview of the instructor station comprise initial configuration of flight, flight departure and landing airport setting, air route and air route information setting, simulation time, meteorological information, special situation position and special situation configuration information of an aircraft, start, pause and playback of accident loss simulation, and after the simulation is finished, the operation process and result data are stored, uploaded, converted in format and played back.
As a preferred scheme, the instructor station module comprises a planning setting unit, a guide control unit, a two-dimensional GIS display unit, a two-dimensional searching area display unit, a two-dimensional searching display unit, a wreck monitoring unit, a text preview unit, a recording and playback unit and a database.
As a preferred scheme, the search module is further configured to store information such as the occurrence time, the location, the weather information, the aircraft state information, the concurrent special information, the predicted search range, the search route, and the like in the database.
As a preferred scheme, the simulation model generated by the visualization module includes vectorized two-dimensional primitive information such as aircrafts, airports, airlines, tracks and the like, a two-dimensional predicted accident area, including an accident area range, accident point positions which may crash, a range for displaying a search area and a search path, and a three-dimensional model of an accident site is loaded.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) verisimilitude property
For a civil aircraft crash search simulation system, the verisimilitude is a main index for measuring the system, and a real environment and an aircraft with higher precision are used for modeling and simulation of aircraft crash search. The accident search of the aircraft in special situations in domestic mountainous regions is mainly researched, so that the aircraft needs to use narrow-body aircraft commonly used in domestic liner aviation, such as common branch civil aircraft of airbus A320, Boeing B737 and the like; real airport modeling, including runways, towers, landmarks, specific lighting conditions and precise geographic locations of the airport; the real geographic environment is helpful for researching and exploring the characteristics and rules of the accident of the aircraft in a specific area, and the reality of simulation is improved.
(2) Advancement of
The civil aircraft crash search simulation system adopts advanced technology which accords with technical development in the aspects of visual scene generation, display, simulation models and the like, and provides powerful support for verisimilitude. The algorithm used is to use more advanced algorithm as much as possible on the premise of high efficiency. Advanced software and hardware systems, techniques and advanced algorithms ensure the advancement of the entire system, enabling it to adapt to longer technological developments and demand changes.
(3) Reliability of
The system is an analog simulation system, if partial function failure or error occurs, actual major loss cannot be caused, and the reliability requirement is not too high, but in order to ensure normal use, software, hardware and an operation platform of the system must have good reliability so as to ensure the authenticity of researching the failure search of the aircraft and provide important intelligent support for search and rescue.
(4) Extensibility
In order to adapt to the future change of functional requirements, the system must have good expandability in the system software architecture and the external interface mode, and the system is ensured to be upgraded at low cost. For example, by accessing the control equipment, the pilot accident special handling simulation training module can be quickly set up.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural framework of an aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a system flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view generation effect diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a view generation and crash simulation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of topographical data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an instructor station module of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional GIS visualization of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of aircraft real-time attitude curves for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a search module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a view showing a structure of a visualization module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The system comprises a visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module, a teacher station module, a searching module and a visualization module. As shown in fig. 1, the structure of each module is schematically shown.
The visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module comprises: the panoramic representation of the natural environment can be generated, and the flight performance including ground sliding, takeoff, climbing, cruising, turning and the like can be vividly simulated from the vision; the scene outside the cabin can be vividly simulated, including runway, terminal building, tower, night light in the airport, road, building, various landforms, moving target and the like, and simultaneously the weather conditions of cloud, fog, rain, snow and the like can be simulated, and different illumination shows the scene of different moments of day and night alternation; observing the flight and accident process of the aircraft according to the flight visual angle, the observation visual angle and the free visual angle; after the aircraft generates a special request, a preorder track or a trail can be generated selectively, and the falling track of the aircraft is displayed. The flight accident simulation device comprises six accident-specific situations such as aircraft engines and systems, fuselage surface control and aircraft structures. The system characterizes the damage degree of the equipment according to the completeness rate, so that accident-losing special situations are formed, and various special situations of the aircraft are simulated in a combined mode to cause the accident crash of the aircraft.
An instructor station module: the module provides configuration and preview of flight states and scenes before and after special situations occur to the aircraft, and the configuration and preview comprise initial configuration of flight, flight departure and landing airport setting, air route and route information setting, simulation time, meteorological information, special situation positions of the aircraft, special situation configuration information and the like; the scenario making can realize scripted preview, namely the aircraft can run according to a preset script task; the control of the simulation process is executed, the control comprises the functions of system configuration before simulation, starting, pausing, playback and the like of accident simulation, the functions are integrated and matched with the functions of two-dimensional GIS display and three-dimensional display, and the simulation operation of the whole system is monitored; and after the simulation is finished, the functions of storing, uploading, format conversion, data playback and the like of the operation process and the result data are finished.
A search module: after the aircraft crashes due to the accident, a search area is determined according to the position, the altitude, the flight state, the type of the accident and the like of the accident of the aircraft, the terrain of the search area is subjected to spatial analysis and extraction, and a search path is determined. And storing the information of the special situation occurrence time, place, weather information, airplane state information, concurrent special situation information, predicted search range, search path and the like in a database.
A visualization module: rapidly generating situation observation, and displaying vectorized two-dimensional primitive information of aircrafts, airports, airlines, tracks and the like; after the aircraft is in special conditions, a two-dimensional predicted accident area can be displayed, wherein the area comprises the area range of the accident area and the position of the accident point which is possibly crashed. After the aircraft crashes, a range and a search path displaying the search area may be generated. And displaying the three-dimensional accident area according to a prediction algorithm. And loading the accident site three-dimensional model at the accident site which can occur.
In accordance with the functional description above, the system will employ a hierarchical structural framework, as shown in FIG. 2.
Interface layer: the interface layer is the interface for the user to interact with the system, and comprises an instructor table and a simulation platform. The instructor station provides monitoring and lead-tone control of two-dimensional situation display, text preview, crash simulation. The simulation platform provides a three-dimensional display of the system.
An application layer: the application layer is the core of the system and mainly comprises flight accident simulation, accident report generation, accident search area calculation, search calculation, recording and playback.
Object layer: the object layer reads related data from the resource layer to generate data objects which can be used by the application layer, including environment model objects, aircraft model objects, search business objects and crash business objects.
Resource layer: the resource layer mainly comprises a service database and a view database.
As in the system flow diagram of fig. 3. After the system is started, firstly reading view generation data from a database, displaying a wrecking environment on a simulation platform, and displaying a two-dimensional situation map on a teacher desk; setting a default plan at a teacher station, respectively carrying out non-control default simulation and controlled default simulation, acquiring aircraft state data by a recording and playback module, and displaying an aircraft state monitoring graph at the teacher station; then, performing crash simulation by a flight crash simulation module, wherein the crash simulation comprises non-control crash simulation and controlled crash simulation, the non-control crash search simulation obtains crash area data through analysis and calculation of a visualization module, a search path plan of a continuous space is obtained through calculation, the controlled crash simulation exists, the search area is analyzed through a search module, and a discrete space search path plan is obtained through calculation; and finally, visually displaying the accident process, the accident monitoring, the accident area, the search area and the search path plan on an instructor platform and a simulation platform.
Design and implementation of modules
Visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module design and implementation
The vision generation function is to simulate the vision of the pilot outside the cockpit seen from the window of the simulated aircraft cockpit through the VR helmet during the flight. The generated three-dimensional visual scene can vividly simulate the conditions of a wreck aircraft, such as a take-off and landing airport runway, a tower, a landmark, specific lighting conditions and the like; the conditions of landforms, vegetation, water systems, buildings, roads and the like which influence the accident of the aircraft in the accident area can be simulated; the weather conditions influencing flight and accident, such as illumination, cloud, fog, rain, snow and the like, can be vividly simulated. Besides three-dimensional visual presentation, the system can also vividly simulate various sounds heard by a real pilot in the flying process, including aircraft sounds such as aircraft engines and landing gear sounds, environmental sounds such as rainfall and lightning, and alarm sounds such as equipment failure and stall warning. The visual generation effect is as shown in fig. 4.
The module adopts flexible modular design and consists of six sub-modules, namely an application layer sub-module, a visual database sub-module, a rendering engine sub-module, a special effect rendering sub-module, a flight simulation sub-module and a correction fusion sub-module, and the structure of the module is shown in figure 5.
An application submodule: the application sub-module is a core module of the visual generation module, is constructed on the basis of the rendering engine sub-module, calls the special effect rendering sub-module to perform rendering calculation, constructs scene content by using real-time scene data provided by the visual database sub-module, outputs the formed real-time rasterized image to the correction fusion module through a display card of a graphic computer to perform correction fusion, and then performs rasterization input through display equipment.
A rendering engine submodule: the rendering engine submodule is used as a bottom rendering support of the visual image generating module, and the rendering engine submodule is used for calling the application layer submodule in a dynamic link library mode. The rendering engine is an advanced graphics rendering engine based on a delayed rendering technology, adopts a flexible modular design concept, and supports an illumination simulation technology based on an atmospheric scattering physical model, a massive scene scheduling management technology based on paging LOD, and an anti-aliasing (anti-aliasing) technology based on delayed rendering.
A special effect submodule: the special effect rendering submodule is constructed on the basis of the rendering engine submodule and is embedded into the application submodule in a plug-in mode. Different special effects such as illumination, shadow, cloud, fog, rain, snow and the like are packaged into different plug-ins, and the application submodule can realize the rendering and display of the relevant special effects in the three-dimensional visual scene only by calling the relevant plug-ins.
And a view database submodule: the view database submodule is an important component of a view graph generation module and comprises a large-scale scene scheduling system and a view model database, wherein the terrain database is constructed by adopting a paged quadtree structure. The module contains a low precision earth model (generated using 4km precision DEM data and 30m resolution imagery). After the area of the accident is determined, local terrain can be generated by using 30m precision DEM data, and local fine ground scenes can be generated by matching with 10m or higher precision image data. And then, high-precision terrain data of the corresponding area are generated by using a terrain generating tool and are hung on the low-precision earth model, and the global terrain does not need to be generated again. Through different observation distances, the large-scale scene scheduling system controls the number of terrain polygons and the display of images with different resolutions in real time, and the 3D features of the high-definition land scene database and the low-precision earth model can realize LOD (hierarchical) display of a land scene through large-scale scene scheduling. As shown in fig. 6, the view database of different precisions can be viewed at different viewpoints.
A flight simulation submodule: and the flight simulation submodule completes simulation and simulation of flight and accident of the aircraft. The module inputs control parameters through a flight control module, flight parameters such as airspeed, range, attitude, longitude and latitude coordinates of the aircraft are calculated in real time by utilizing virtual simulation of the aerodynamics, the engine, the undercarriage and the ground of the aircraft, the input values of the flight parameters are input into an application layer, and a rendering engine submodule is called to render and display the aircraft model to a simulation platform. The flight accident of the aircraft is simulated by changing parameters such as wing area, engine thrust, elevator deflection angles and rudder deflection angles.
Teacher's desk module design and implementation
The teacher platform module mainly controls the simulation platform in real time and displays two dimensions and texts. The method mainly achieves functions of aircraft accident scenario setting, guiding and adjusting control, two-dimensional GIS visual display, accident monitoring, text preview, recording and playback and the like. Abundant monitoring means are provided for accident simulation; after the crash simulation is completed, a two-dimensional visual display is provided for the crash area, the search area, and the search plan and path. As shown in the figure 7 instructor table module:
default setting submodule: the accident scenario setting mainly completes accident initialization setting, including aircraft flight plan setting, accident special condition setting, aircraft occurrence special condition state setting and weather condition setting of a takeoff airport and an accident area. After the accident scenario setting is completed, the submodule makes a scenario and writes the scenario into a scenario database, and after the simulation starts, the simulation platform reads the scenario and starts and completes the accident simulation.
A guiding control submodule: the guidance control submodule is a core submodule of the instructor platform and is mainly used for completing real-time control of the simulation platform, accident and search simulation. The sub-module controls the starting, closing and suspending of the simulation platform; after the crash simulation is started, controlling the recording and playback of the crash simulation process; completing the functions of zooming, moving and other navigation of the two-dimensional monitoring display platform, previewing of a planned text and the like in the accident simulation process; and after the simulation is finished, controlling the visualization of the two-dimensional searching area and the two-dimensional searching visualization, reading the accident report from the database, and previewing and displaying the accident report.
Two-dimensional GIS display submodule: the sub-modules include a two-dimensional monitoring display and a two-dimensional GIS display. After the accident simulation is started, reading information such as real-time positions of an airport, an airway and an aircraft of a simulation platform in real time, projecting the position information to a two-dimensional plane for display through Gaussian-Krueger projection; after the accident simulation is finished, the module reads the accident location, the predicted accident location and area, the area to be searched and the searching path and other information calculated by the searching module from the accident database and displays the information on the two-dimensional plane. Such as the two-dimensional GIS visualization of fig. 8.
The accident monitoring submodule: after the crash simulation is started, the sub-module reads the aircraft state data from the simulation platform and displays the data in the form of a two-dimensional graph, such as an aircraft real-time attitude graph shown in fig. 9.
A text preview sub-module: reading the default data from the database and displaying the default in a text mode before the default simulation is started and after the default setting is finished; and after the accident simulation is completed, reading the accident report generated by the searching submodule from the database, and displaying the accident report in a text mode.
A recording and playback module: after the aircraft completes a crash, the scene generation and flight crash module automatically stores state data of the aircraft, including position, altitude, pitch angle, yaw angle and roll angle in the crash process, into a database according to a time sequence (data is taken once in each frame). And after the playback module reads the data, the data are transmitted to the visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module, and the functions of starting, ending and pausing of playback are controlled. The playback can be forward along with the scroll bar to reproduce the whole accident process, and the dragging of the scroll bar can control the forward and backward of the accident process. Through repeated playback of the accident process of the aircraft, the state change of the aircraft in the whole accident process and the accident process can be very intuitively known.
Search module design and implementation
The search module mainly completes the determination of the accident search area and the determination of the search path, and the generated area range and the generated search path are subjected to data conversion and then transmitted to the instructor platform module and the simulation platform for two-dimensional and three-dimensional visual display. As shown in fig. 10. The search path of the search area and the discrete space is mainly completed by a search module, the generation of the search path of the crash area and the continuous space is mainly completed by a visualization module, and then the generated search path is transmitted to the search module for data conversion.
Visualization module design and implementation
The visualization module structure reflects the process of information from data to visualization. In general, the information visualization process can be divided into four steps:
extracting: extracting characteristic data from the object and establishing corresponding special data table.
Conversion: and the extracted characteristic data is sorted and converted into a standard data structure for display.
Mapping: and establishing a one-to-one mapping relation between the converted standard data structure and the data of the visual data space.
Displaying: and displaying the visual space data which is well mapped with the standard data structure to different interfaces and display platforms to finish the drawing and displaying of the graphic images.
The modular structure reflects the change of data state, and the data goes through four data states from the collected original data to the visual display. Fig. 11 is a view of a structure of a visual module.
After the accident process is completed, the searching sub-module and the scene generation and flight accident simulation module transmit the related data into the database. The visualization module reads out relevant data in the accident process from a database, wherein the relevant data comprise flight state data of specific situations of the aircraft; location data predicting a location at which the aircraft is likely to crash; searching flat region position data suitable for forced landing in the region; and searching path data obtained through calculation. The data is then converted into a standard data format by analyzing the abstractions: flight state data including a pitch angle, a yaw angle, a roll angle, a longitude and latitude and an altitude in flight, and generating a data set ordered according to time according to data acquired by each frame; the calculated positions of the predicted accident sites of the aircraft divided according to the special situations are taken as a data set; calculating a range location set sequence of the accident region by predicting the location set of the accident point; calculating a distributed data set of the accident region by predicting the position set of the accident point; a data set of paths is searched. And then, expressing the data into a graph and a model which can be displayed through visual conversion, and finally, drawing and displaying the visual view in an instructor platform module and a simulation module.
According to the technical scheme, the searching in the continuous space and the discrete space is required to be shorter than the traveling distance of a traditional searching method based on the crash searching without control and with control, and the efficiency of searching is improved through the visual analysis of the crash area and the searching area.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An aircraft accident prediction and three-dimensional visualization system is characterized by comprising a visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module, a teacher station module, a searching module and a visualization module, wherein the visual scene generation and flight accident simulation module is used for panoramic presentation of an environment; the instructor station module is used for providing configuration and preview of the flight state and scene before and after the aircraft generates special situations; the searching module is used for determining a searching area of the aircraft after a special situation occurs; the visualization module is used for generating a simulation model.
2. The aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system according to claim 1, wherein the vision generation and flight crash simulation module comprises a vision generation unit and a flight crash simulation unit; the visual scene generating unit is used for simulating scenes outside the cabin, including runway, terminal building, tower and night light in the airport, roads, buildings, various landforms, moving targets, clouds, fog, rain and snow, and different scenes of different moments which are alternated day and night are presented by different illumination; the flight accident simulation unit is used for simulating aircraft engines and systems, fuselage surface control and aircraft structures.
3. The aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system according to claim 2, wherein the view generation and flight crash simulation module comprises six sub-modules, namely an application layer sub-module, a view database sub-module, a rendering engine sub-module, a special effect rendering sub-module, a flight simulation sub-module, and a correction fusion sub-module.
4. The aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system according to claim 1, wherein the instructor station configuration and preview comprises initialization configuration of flight, flight and landing airport settings, air route and course information settings, simulation time, weather information, and aircraft occurrence specific position and specific configuration information, start, pause, and playback of crash simulation, and after the simulation is finished, the operation process and result data are stored, uploaded, format converted, and data played back.
5. The aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system according to claim 4, wherein the instructor station module comprises a scenario setting unit, a guidance control unit, a two-dimensional GIS display unit, a two-dimensional search area display unit, a two-dimensional search display unit, a crash monitoring unit, a text preview unit, a recording and playback unit, and a database.
6. The aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system according to claim 1, wherein the search module is further configured to store information such as time of occurrence, location, weather information, aircraft status information, concurrent special information, predicted search range, search path, etc. in a database.
7. The aircraft crash prediction and three-dimensional visualization system according to claim 1, wherein the simulation model generated by the visualization module comprises vectorized two-dimensional primitive information of aircraft, airports, airlines, tracks, etc., a two-dimensional predicted crash area comprising a crash area range, a location of a potential crash point, a range for displaying a search area and a search path, and a three-dimensional model of the crash site is loaded.
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| CN106530897A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-03-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Flight simulation training device |
| CN106845032A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-06-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | The construction method of multimode navigation three-dimensional dynamic visual simulation platform |
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