CN111085779B - Laser modulation welding method for outer part containing process step and thin plate substrate - Google Patents
Laser modulation welding method for outer part containing process step and thin plate substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111085779B CN111085779B CN201911288776.7A CN201911288776A CN111085779B CN 111085779 B CN111085779 B CN 111085779B CN 201911288776 A CN201911288776 A CN 201911288776A CN 111085779 B CN111085779 B CN 111085779B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser modulation welding method for an outer part containing a process step and a thin plate substrate, which comprises the following steps of: 1) detecting a to-be-welded area of a to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, determining characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, planning a welding path according to the characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, simultaneously calculating the frequency and amplitude of laser swing, and determining laser modulation parameters according to the fusion depth range of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece; 2) preprocessing a thin-wall workpiece to be welded; 3) according to the welding path planned in the step 1), the laser beam emitted by the laser welding head performs laser swing modulation welding on the to-be-welded area of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece under the protection of inert gas according to the laser swing frequency and amplitude and the laser modulation parameters obtained in the step 1) until the welding of the thin-wall workpiece is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and relates to a laser modulation welding method for an outer part containing a process step and a thin plate substrate.
Background
The cable support of the thin-wall metal shell of the strategic and tactical solid rocket engine and the missile shell needs to carry out laser welding on thin-wall components. The large thin-wall part has the characteristics of low rigidity, large geometric dimension, irregular shape and the like, so that the large thin-wall part is difficult to rigidly fix before welding, and the surface treatment of the workpiece before welding is carried out by laser welding, so that the assembly requirement degree is very high. The assembly clearance is too large, and the workpiece is transversely displaced to a joint clearance (0-0.05mm) in front of a molten pool due to thermal contraction generated in the welding process, so that continuous burn-through is inevitably generated. When the assembly clearance of the butt joint is too small, the heat shrinkage in the welding process causes transverse displacement, so that the heat affected zone and the area nearby the heat affected zone generate instability deformation under the action of high temperature. The large thin-wall component has long welding line and long welding stroke, is easy to generate misalignment, and can hardly ensure the complete uniformity of the gap of the welding line, thereby causing unstable welding quality. In the case of normal power welding, the existence of the process step can cause the surface of the welding seam to be uneven, and the penetration is easy to cause uneven.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a laser modulation welding method for an outer part with a technological step and a thin plate substrate, which can effectively solve the problem of uneven weld penetration and reduce gap sensitivity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the laser modulation welding method of the outer part with the process step and the thin plate substrate comprises the following steps:
1) detecting a to-be-welded area of a to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, determining characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, planning a welding path according to the characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, simultaneously calculating the frequency and amplitude of laser swing, and determining laser modulation parameters according to the fusion depth range of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece;
2) preprocessing a thin-wall workpiece to be welded;
3) and (2) carrying out laser oscillation modulation welding on the to-be-welded area of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece by using the laser oscillation frequency and amplitude obtained in the step 1) and the laser modulation parameters under the protection of inert gas according to the welding path planned in the step 1) by using a laser welding head until the welding of the thin-wall workpiece is completed, wherein in the welding process, a laser heat source moves along the axis direction of the welding seam, meanwhile, the laser beam transversely oscillates at the frequency of 0-300Hz, the oscillation amplitude is 0-5mm, and the laser power is a function of the transverse spatial position in the transverse direction perpendicular to the axis of the welding seam.
The inert gas in the step 3) is argon with the purity of 99.999 percent, and the flow rate of the inert gas is 15L/min-40L/min.
The thin-wall workpiece to be welded is made of low alloy steel, high-strength steel and stainless steel, the thickness of the thin-wall workpiece to be welded is 0.5-10mm, and the height of the technological step is 0.5-8 mm.
In the step 3), the focal spot range of the laser beam is phi 130 mu m to phi 200 mu m, the laser power range is 1kW to 10kW, the welding penetration is 0mm to 11mm, the focal length is more than or equal to 250mm, and the welding linear speed is 45mm/s to 55 mm/s.
In the step 1), before welding, a weld contour map needs to be determined, the weld contour map is radial by taking an angular bisector as a center, laser swings by taking the angular bisector as the center, the penetration of the area is calculated, the weld penetration change condition in the direction is obtained, and the weld penetration d at different positions is determined0、d1、d2、d3，、、、，dn。
In the step 3), under the conditions that the focal spot range of a laser beam is phi 130 mu m-phi 200 mu m, the laser power range is 1kW-10kW, the welding penetration is 0mm-11mm, the focal length is greater than or equal to 250mm, and the welding linear speed is 45mm/s-55mm/s, the corresponding laser power p is calculated according to the welding penetration change condition and according to d ═ f (p)0、p1、p2、p3，、、、，pnWherein the relation between the welding penetration depth d and the laser power p, i.e. d ═ f (p), is as follows: :
weld penetration 0.50045+1.82841 laser power-0.07907 laser power ^2
In the step 1), a weld contour diagram needs to be determined before welding, and the frequency and amplitude of laser oscillation are determined according to the size of a thin-wall workpiece to be welded.
Under the conditions that the focal spot range of a laser beam is phi 130 mu m-phi 200 mu m, the laser power range is 1kW-10kW, the welding penetration is 0mm-11mm, the focal length is more than or equal to 250mm, and the welding linear speed is 45mm/s-55mm/s, the relation between the welding linear speed and the frequency and amplitude A of laser swing is as follows:
welding line speed (laser oscillation frequency 2) laser oscillation amplitude
And under the condition that the welding linear velocity and the laser swing amplitude are determined, obtaining the laser swing frequency, wherein the relation between the welding penetration d and the laser power p is as follows:
weld penetration 0.50045+1.82841 laser power-0.07907 laser power ^2
The laser swing welding mode is transverse swing welding.
The specific operation in the step 2) is as follows: and polishing the area to be welded and cleaning the area to be welded by acetone to remove oxide scales on the surface of the area to be welded so as to enable the area to be welded to present metallic luster.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the laser modulation welding method of the outer part containing the process step and the thin plate base body aims at the characteristics of low rigidity, small bearing restraint force and the like of a large thin-wall part during specific operation, aims to solve the problems that the large thin-wall part is long in welding seam, long in welding process, easy to generate misalignment, and difficult to guarantee complete uniformity of a seam gap, so that welding quality is unstable, establishes a mapping relation between laser ray energy and welding seam penetration by analyzing and researching the influence rule of laser process parameters on the welding seam penetration of the outer part, and accurately controls the penetration by combining a real-time welding path and laser swing modulation, so that the penetration is more uniform, the laser energy distribution is more discrete, the area of a heat affected zone is smaller, the sensitivity of the gap is reduced, and then the laser welding of the large thin-wall part is effectively finished, and the welding quality is more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a fitting relationship between welding power and welding penetration in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the weld profile of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of laser weaving modulation welding in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transverse weaving and weaving paths of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the laser modulation welding method of the outer part with the process step and the thin plate substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) detecting a to-be-welded area of a to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, determining characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, determining a profile curve chart of a welding line according to fig. 2, planning a welding path according to the characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, simultaneously calculating the frequency and amplitude of laser oscillation, and determining laser modulation parameters according to the fusion depth range of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece;
2) preprocessing a thin-wall workpiece to be welded;
3) and (2) carrying out laser oscillation modulation welding on the to-be-welded area of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece by using the laser oscillation frequency and amplitude obtained in the step 1) and the laser modulation parameters under the protection of inert gas according to the welding path planned in the step 1) by using a laser welding head until the welding of the thin-wall workpiece is completed, wherein in the welding process, a laser heat source moves along the axis direction of the welding seam, meanwhile, the laser beam transversely oscillates at the frequency of 0-300Hz, the oscillation amplitude is 0-5mm, and the laser power is a function of the transverse spatial position in the transverse direction perpendicular to the axis of the welding seam.
The inert gas in the step 3) is argon with the purity of 99.999 percent, and the flow rate of the inert gas is 15L/min-40L/min.
The thin-wall workpiece to be welded is made of low alloy steel, high-strength steel and stainless steel, the thickness of the thin-wall workpiece to be welded is 0.5-10mm, and the height of the technological step is 0.5-8 mm.
In the step 3), the focal spot range of the laser beam is phi 130 mu m to phi 200 mu m, the laser power range is 1kW to 10kW, the welding penetration is 0mm to 11mm, the focal length is more than or equal to 250mm, and the welding linear speed is 45mm/s to 55 mm/s.
In the step 1), before welding, a weld contour map needs to be determined, the weld contour map is radial by taking an angular bisector as a center, laser swings by taking the angular bisector as the center, the penetration of the area is calculated, the weld penetration change condition in the direction is obtained, and the weld penetration d at different positions is determined0、d1、d2、d3，、、、，dn。
In the step 3), the focal spot range of the laser beam is phi 130 mu m to phi 200 mu m, the laser power range is 1kW to 10kW, and the welding penetration is 0mm to 11mm, the focal length is more than or equal to 250mm, and under the condition that the welding linear speed is 45-55 mm/s, according to the change condition of the weld penetration, according to d-f (p), the corresponding laser power p is calculated0、p1、p2、p3，、、、，pnWherein d ═ f (p), which is the relation between the weld penetration d and the laser power p, is:
weld penetration 0.50045+1.82841 laser power-0.07907 laser power ^2
In the step 1), a weld contour diagram needs to be determined before welding, and the frequency and amplitude of laser oscillation are determined according to the size of a thin-wall workpiece to be welded.
Under the conditions that the focal spot range of a laser beam is phi 130 mu m-phi 200 mu m, the laser power range is 1kW-10kW, the welding penetration is 0mm-11mm, the focal length is more than or equal to 250mm, and the welding linear speed is 45mm/s-55mm/s, the relation between the welding linear speed and the frequency and amplitude A of laser swing is as follows:
welding line speed (laser oscillation frequency 2) laser oscillation amplitude
And under the condition that the welding linear velocity and the laser swing amplitude are determined, obtaining the laser swing frequency, wherein the relation between the welding penetration d and the laser power p is as follows:
weld penetration 0.50045+1.82841 laser power-0.07907 laser power ^2
The laser swing welding mode is transverse swing welding.
The specific operation in the step 2) is as follows: and polishing the area to be welded and cleaning the area to be welded by acetone to remove oxide scales on the surface of the area to be welded so as to enable the area to be welded to present metallic luster.
Claims (9)
1. A laser modulation welding method for an outer part containing a technological step and a thin plate base body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) detecting a to-be-welded area of a to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, determining characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, planning a welding path according to the characteristic dimension parameters of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece, simultaneously calculating the frequency and amplitude of laser swing, and determining laser modulation parameters according to the fusion depth range of the to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece;
2) preprocessing a thin-wall workpiece to be welded;
3) carrying out laser oscillation modulation welding on a to-be-welded area of a to-be-welded thin-wall workpiece under the protection of inert gas by using laser oscillation frequency and amplitude obtained in the step 1) and laser modulation parameters according to a welding path planned in the step 1) by using a laser welding head until the welding of the thin-wall workpiece is completed, wherein in the welding process, a laser heat source moves along the axis direction of a welding line, meanwhile, the laser beam transversely oscillates at the frequency of 0-300Hz, the oscillation amplitude is 0-5mm, and the laser power is a function of the transverse spatial position in the transverse direction perpendicular to the axis of the welding line;
in the step 3), under the conditions that the focal spot range of a laser beam is phi 130 mu m to phi 200 mu m, the laser power range is 1kW to 10kW, the welding penetration is 0mm to 11mm, the focal length is greater than or equal to 250mm, and the welding linear speed is 45mm/s to 55mm/s, the corresponding laser power p is calculated according to the change condition of the welding penetration d and according to the condition that d is f (p)0、p1、p2、p3，、、、，pnWherein d ═ f (p), which is the relation between the weld penetration d and the laser power p, is:
the weld penetration is 0.50045+1.82841 laser power-0.07907 laser power ^ 2.
2. A laser modulation welding method of outer part with process step and thin plate base according to claim 1, characterized in that the inert gas in step 3) is argon with purity of 99.999% and the flow rate of inert gas is 15L/min-40L/min.
3. A laser modulation welding method of outer part with craft step and thin plate basal body according to claim 1, characterized in that, the material of the thin wall work piece to be welded is low alloy steel, high strength steel, stainless steel, the thickness of the thin wall work piece to be welded is 0.5-10mm, the craft step height is 0.5-8 mm.
4. The laser modulation welding method of the outer part with the process step and the thin plate base body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the focal spot range of the laser beam in step 3) is 130 μm to 200 μm, the laser power range is 1kW to 10kW, the weld penetration is 0mm to 11mm, the focal length is 250mm or more, and the welding linear velocity is 45mm/s to 55 mm/s.
5. The laser modulation welding method of the outer part with the process step and the thin plate base body according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1), before welding, a weld contour diagram is determined, the weld contour diagram is radial with an angular bisector as a center, the laser swings with the angular bisector as a center, the penetration of the area is calculated, the weld penetration change in the direction is obtained, and the weld penetration d at different positions is determined0、d1、d2、d3，、、、，dn。
6. The laser modulation welding method of outer part with process step and thin plate base body according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 1), the weld seam profile is determined before welding, and the frequency and amplitude of laser oscillation are determined according to the size of the thin-wall workpiece to be welded.
7. A laser modulation welding method of a thin plate substrate and an outer part with a process step according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case that the focal spot range of the laser beam is phi 130 μm to phi 200 μm, the laser power range is 1kW to 10kW, the weld penetration is 0mm to 11mm, the focal length is 250mm or more, and the weld line speed is 45mm/s to 55mm/s, the relation of the weld line speed to the frequency and amplitude A of the laser oscillation is:
welding line speed (laser oscillation frequency 2) laser oscillation amplitude
And under the condition that the welding linear velocity and the laser swing amplitude are determined, obtaining the laser swing frequency, wherein the relation between the welding penetration d and the laser power p is as follows:
the weld penetration is 0.50045+1.82841 laser power-0.07907 laser power ^ 2.
8. A method of laser modulation welding a process step containing outer member to a sheet substrate according to claim 1 wherein the laser swing welding is transverse swing welding.
9. The laser modulation welding method of outer part with process step and thin plate substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operation in step 2) is: and polishing the area to be welded and cleaning the area to be welded by acetone to remove oxide scales on the surface of the area to be welded so as to enable the area to be welded to present metallic luster.
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| DE102013107484B4 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2023-05-04 | Scansonic Mi Gmbh | Process for joining a light sheet and a solid sheet |
| DE102014105941A1 (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-11-27 | Scansonic Mi Gmbh | Laser beam welding process for the reduction of thermo-mechanical stresses |
| DE102015223446A1 (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for remote laser beam welding |
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| CN109048059B (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2021-03-23 | 江苏大学 | Laser scanning wire filling welding method for thin plate |
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