CN111085545B - High-performance ultrafine-grained hot-rolled TRIP steel material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance ultrafine-grained hot-rolled TRIP steel material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000794 TRIP steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
Abstract
The invention provides a high-performance ultrafine-grained hot-rolled TRIP steel material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of metal material processing. According to the invention, by improving the composite rolling process, firstly, the TRIP steel with a micro-groove array structure with a certain shape is obtained by controlling femtosecond laser etching processing parameters, and then, the TRIP steel is subjected to accumulative composite rolling, so that the hot-rolled TRIP steel with high performance, uniform and fine grain structure, high interface bonding strength and flat and ultra-fine plate shape is prepared; the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel has the advantages of uniform and fine grain structure, high bonding strength interface, straight plate shape and the like: the grain structure is thinned to 2.1 μm from 10 μm, the tensile strength is improved from 720MPa to 1268MPa, the elongation is improved from 25% to 38%, and the comprehensive mechanical property is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, and relates to a high-performance ultrafine-grained hot-rolled TRIP steel material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry, the demand on high-strength-ductility hot-rolled TRIP steel is increasing day by day, but as the complex phase structure obtained in the hot rolling process is relatively thick, the comprehensive mechanical property of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is still lower than that of the cold-rolled TRIP steel with the same composition, and the application of the hot-rolled TRIP steel to complex automobile structural parts is limited.
When the metal material is strengthened, the plasticity and the toughness of the metal material are reduced, so that the strength and the toughness (plasticity) are inverted, and the further strengthening and toughening of the metal material are restricted. The grain size refinement is the most effective method for improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the hot-rolled TRIP steel material, and the toughness is also greatly improved on the basis of meeting the strength, so that the good comprehensive mechanical property is reflected. The accumulative composite tandem rolling process is a method with low cost and simple equipment in the method for preparing the superfine crystal material, but has the problems of low bonding strength, serious plate shape warping and small bonding area ratio when the high-strength TRIP steel is subjected to accumulative composite tandem rolling, and is difficult to be applied to actual production. Therefore, the method for preparing the high-performance ultra-fine grained hot-rolled TRIP steel by exploring the composite pack rolling process with good interface bonding performance and plate shape quality has important research significance and application value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the hot rolling comprehensive performance of the conventional TRIP steel is lower than the mechanical performance of cold-rolled TRIP steel with the same components, and the low bonding strength, severe plate shape warping and bonding area proportion exist when the composite high-strength TRIP steel is accumulated, the invention provides a preparation process of high-performance ultrafine-grain hot-rolled TRIP steel, and the high-performance ultrafine-grain hot-rolled TRIP steel is prepared by improving the composite rolling process.
The invention firstly provides the high-performance ultrafine-grained hot-rolled TRIP steel, and the hot-rolled TRIP steel has uniform and fine grain structure, high interface bonding strength and straight plate shape.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-performance ultrafine-grained hot-rolled TRIP steel, which comprises the steps of treating the surface of the hot-rolled TRIP steel by adopting a femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing composite accumulative pack rolling process, firstly obtaining TRIP steel with a micro-groove array structure in a certain shape by controlling femtosecond laser etching processing parameters, and then carrying out accumulative composite pack rolling on the TRIP steel. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking two pieces of hot-rolled TRIP steel with the same specification, and removing an oxide layer;
(2) then putting the steel into deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning, drying the steel by using compressed nitrogen, fixing the steel on a displacement platform controlled by a computer, and performing femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing to obtain TRIP steel with a micro-groove array structure with a certain shape; aligning and stacking the prepared TRIP steel, riveting tightly by using a rivet, performing first rolling, cooling, putting into a furnace for heat preservation, cooling, and then removing an oxide layer; the femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing parameters are as follows: the center wavelength is 800nm, the pulse width is 30-500fs, the repetition frequency is 10-95kHz, the scanning speed is 100-600 mm/s, the scanning line interval is 4-50 μm, the stepping is 0.5-10 μm, and the spot diameter of the femtosecond laser is 30-60 μm.
(3) And (3) cutting the rolled and compounded TRIP steel plate into two pieces with equal size along the direction vertical to the rolling direction, repeating the operation procedure of the step (2) for three times, and finally obtaining a finished product.
Further, the femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing parameters in the step (2) are as follows: the center wavelength is 800nm, the pulse width is 100-200 fs, the repetition frequency is 20-40 kHz, the scanning speed is 200-300 mm/s, the scanning line interval is 10-30 mu m, the spot diameter of the femtosecond laser is 40-50 mu m, and the stepping is 2-4 mu m.
Further, the rolling condition in the step (2) is preheating for 10min at 880-950 ℃, and then rolling is carried out, wherein the rolling reduction is 30-60%.
Further, the preheating temperature of rolling is 900-930 ℃; the reduction is preferably 40-50%.
Further, in the step (2), the cooling, furnace entering heat preservation and cooling specifically comprise: cooling at the cooling speed of 20-30 ℃/s, cooling to 570-630 ℃, then putting into a furnace, preserving heat for 25-35 min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the hot-rolled TRIP steel prepared by the invention has the advantages of uniform and fine grain structure, high bonding strength interface, straight plate shape and the like: the grain structure is thinned to 2.1 μm from 10 μm, the tensile strength is improved from 720MPa to 1268MPa, the elongation is improved from 25% to 38%, and the comprehensive mechanical property is obviously improved. The hot-rolled TRIP steel has high strength and high extensibility, can reduce energy consumption and structural defects caused by a cold rolling process, can be widely applied to punching of complex parts and automobile structural parts, has high collision absorption performance, and can absorb energy through self deformation without being transmitted outwards once collision occurs.
In the prior art, the ultra-fine grain material is prepared by an accumulative pack rolling process, but the problems of low bonding strength, serious plate shape warping and small bonding area ratio exist when high-strength TRIP steel is accumulative pack rolled, and the ultra-fine grain material is difficult to be applied to actual production. According to the invention, the femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing composite accumulation pack rolling process is adopted to process the hot-rolled TRIP steel, the femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing is firstly used for processing the surface of the hot-rolled TRIP steel to obtain a groined micro-groove array structure, one surface of two pieces of hot-rolled TRIP steel with the micro-groove array structure is stacked, the reduction amount of each time in the rolling process is controlled to be about 50%, the material is controlled to be uniformly deformed, and the prepared micro-groove array structure enables the hot-rolled TRIP steel to be more tightly attached during accumulation rolling, the contact surface area is increased, and the horizontal extrusion acting force exists, so that the interface combination of the material is more stable, the plate shape quality is excellent, the grain size refinement of the hot-rolled TRIP steel matrix structure is realized, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the hot-. The femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing adopted by the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, no hot melting area, high precision, high quality, high resolution, no pollution and the like, the surface quality of the hot-rolled TRIP steel obtained by the femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing is high, the processed hot-rolled TRIP steel can be fully bonded in the accumulation and stack rolling process, the high-performance superfine crystal hot-rolled TRIP steel finished product is obtained, and the preparation process is simple and economic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM microstructure of a hot-rolled TRIP steel according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an EBSD crystal grain structure diagram of hot-rolled TRIP steel in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, the preferable values of the preheating temperature, the rolling reduction and the femtosecond laser parameter of the rolled steel are considered, and the invention is further explained by combining the figures and the embodiment.
The hot rolled TRIP steel designed in this example is a well-known material main component widely used in the art.
The hot-rolled TRIP steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.1 to 0.3%, Si: 0.3-0.4%, Mn: 1.5-3.5%, P is less than or equal to 0.03%, S is less than or equal to 0.02%, Al: 0.8-1.5%, Nb is less than or equal to 0.05%, V is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the balance is Fe.
Example 1
(1) Taking two pieces of hot-rolled TRIP steel with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 1mm, putting the hot-rolled TRIP steel into 95% alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, drying and polishing until an oxide layer is removed and metallic luster is exposed.
(2) Then putting the steel into deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning, drying the steel by using compressed nitrogen, fixing the steel on a displacement platform controlled by a computer, and performing femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing, wherein the processing parameters are that the central wavelength is 800nm, the pulse width is 150fs, the repetition frequency is 20kHz, the scanning speed is 200 mm/s, the scanning line interval is 30 mu m, the stepping is 2 mu m, the spot diameter of femtosecond laser is 50 mu m, and the size of a laser processing area is 80mm multiplied by 80mm, so as to obtain TRIP steel with a micro-groove array structure with a certain shape; aligning and stacking the prepared TRIP steel, riveting tightly by using rivets, preheating at 920 ℃ for 10min, then rolling with the reduction of 50%, cooling at the cooling speed of 25 ℃/s, cooling to 600 ℃, putting into a furnace, keeping the temperature for 30min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, putting into 95% alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, drying and polishing until an oxide layer is removed and metallic luster is exposed.
(3) And (3) cutting the rolled and compounded TRIP steel plate into two pieces with equal size along the direction vertical to the rolling direction, repeating the operation procedure of the step (2) for three times, and finally obtaining the finished hot-rolled TRIP steel.
The mechanical property test of the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel is carried out, and as shown in figures 1 and 2, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 2.1 mu m, the grain size is obviously refined, the yield strength is 786 MPa, the tensile strength is 1268MPa, and the elongation is 38%.
Example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: rolling is carried out after preheating for 10min at 880 ℃.
The mechanical property test is carried out on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 2.5 mu m, the yield strength is 695MPa, the tensile strength is 1207 MPa, and the elongation is 35%.
Example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: preheating at 950 deg.C for 10min, and rolling.
The mechanical property test of the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel is carried out, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 2.3 mu m, the yield strength is 703MPa, the tensile strength is 1215MPa, and the elongation is 33%.
Example 4
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: preheating at 920 ℃ for 10min, and then rolling, wherein the reduction is 40%.
The prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel is subjected to mechanical property test, and the hot-rolled TRIP steel has the grain size of 3.1 microns, the yield strength of 662MPa, the tensile strength of 1148MPa and the elongation of 31 percent.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: preheating at 920 ℃ for 10min, and then rolling with the reduction of 30%.
The prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel is subjected to mechanical property test, and the hot-rolled TRIP steel has the grain size of 3.5 microns, the yield strength of 580MPa, the tensile strength of 962MPa and the elongation of 27%.
Example 6
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: repeating the operation procedure of the step (2) for 1 time.
The mechanical property test is carried out on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 5.8 mu m, the yield strength is 520MPa, the tensile strength is 850MPa, and the elongation is 28%.
Example 7
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: and (3) repeating the operation procedure of the step (2) twice.
The mechanical property test of the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel is carried out, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 4.5 mu m, the yield strength is 585MPa, the tensile strength is 987MPa, and the elongation is 30%.
Example 8
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: the pulse width is 30 fs.
The mechanical property test is carried out on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 2.3 mu m, the yield strength is 780 MPa, the tensile strength is 1256MPa, and the elongation is 37%.
Example 9
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: the pulse width is 400 fs.
And (3) performing mechanical property test on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, wherein the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 2.3 mu m, the yield strength is 778MPa, the tensile strength is 1245MPa, and the elongation is 36%.
Example 10
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: the scanning speed was 100 mm/s.
The mechanical property test is carried out on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 2.2 mu m, the yield strength is 697MPa, the tensile strength is 1168MPa, and the elongation is 36%.
Example 11
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: the scanning speed was 400 mm/s.
The mechanical property test is carried out on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 3.3 mu m, the yield strength is 754MPa, the tensile strength is 1252MPa, and the elongation is 34%.
Example 12
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: the spot diameter of the femtosecond laser was 60 μm.
The mechanical property test is carried out on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 2.4 mu m, the yield strength is 723MPa, the tensile strength is 1185MPa, and the elongation is 36%.
Example 13
Essentially the same as example 1, with the following modifications: the diameter of the spot of the femtosecond laser is 30 μm
The mechanical property test is carried out on the prepared hot-rolled TRIP steel, the grain size of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 3.2 mu m, the yield strength is 657MPa, the tensile strength is 1078MPa, and the elongation is 32%.
Comparative example 1
Taking a hot-rolled TRIP steel plate which is not subjected to femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing composite accumulation pack rolling process treatment, putting the hot-rolled TRIP steel plate into 95% alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, drying and polishing until an oxide layer is removed and metallic luster is exposed.
And (3) performing mechanical property test on the hot-rolled TRIP steel which is not subjected to the femtosecond laser micro-nano surface processing composite accumulative pack rolling process treatment and is removed of the oxide layer, wherein the size of crystal grains of the hot-rolled TRIP steel is 10.0 mu m, the yield strength is 450MPa, the tensile strength is 720MPa, and the elongation is 25%.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-performance ultra-fine grain hot-rolled TRIP steel material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking two pieces of hot-rolled TRIP steel with the same specification, and removing an oxide layer;
(2) putting the hot-rolled TRIP steel obtained in the step (1) into deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning, drying by using compressed nitrogen, fixing the hot-rolled TRIP steel on a displacement platform controlled by a computer, performing femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing to obtain TRIP steel with a micro-groove array structure with a certain morphology structure, aligning and stacking the prepared TRIP steel, riveting tightly by using a rivet, then rolling, cooling, putting into a furnace for heat preservation, cooling, and removing an oxide layer; the femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing parameters are as follows: the center wavelength is 800nm, the pulse width is 30-500fs, the repetition frequency is 10-95kHz, the scanning speed is 100-600 mm/s, the scanning line interval is 4-50 mu m, the stepping is 0.5-10 mu m, and the spot diameter of the femtosecond laser is 30-60 mu m;
(3) and (3) cutting the rolled and compounded TRIP steel plate into two pieces with equal size along the direction vertical to the rolling direction, repeating the operation procedure of the step (2) for three times, and finally obtaining a finished product.
2. The preparation method of the high-performance ultrafine grain hot-rolled TRIP steel material according to claim 1, wherein the femtosecond laser micro-nano etching processing parameters are as follows: the center wavelength is 800nm, the pulse width is 100-200 fs, the repetition frequency is 20-40 kHz, the scanning speed is 200-300 mm/s, the scanning line interval is 10-30 mu m, the stepping is 2-4 mu m, and the spot diameter of the femtosecond laser is 40-50 mu m.
3. The method for preparing the high-performance ultra-fine grained hot rolled TRIP steel material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the rolling condition is preheating for 10min at 880-950 ℃, and then rolling is carried out, wherein the reduction is 30-60%.
4. The method for preparing the high-performance ultra-fine grain hot rolled TRIP steel material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preheating temperature for rolling is 900-930 ℃; the rolling reduction is 40-50%.
5. The method for preparing the high-performance ultra-fine grained hot rolled TRIP steel material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the cooling, the furnace entry heat preservation and the cooling are specifically as follows: cooling at the cooling speed of 20-30 ℃/s, cooling to 570-630 ℃, then putting into a furnace for heat preservation, preserving heat for 25-35 min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
6. The high-performance ultra-fine grain hot-rolled TRIP steel material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hot-rolled TRIP steel material has a uniform and fine grain structure and a flat plate shape.
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