CN111077407A - Low-current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient energy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small current earth fault line selection method based on generalized S transformation transient state energy, which comprises the steps of firstly, according to a 10kV line topological graph of a power distribution network, building an actual overhead line-cable hybrid line model and a fixed value resistance fault model of the power distribution network on a PSCAD platform, and carrying out single-phase earth fault simulation experiments under various simulation working conditions; and then carrying out generalized S transformation on the transient zero-sequence current at the bus outlet in 1/4 power frequency periods after the fault of each feeder line is collected, calculating generalized S transformation transient energy in a characteristic frequency band, and comparing the transient energy of each feeder line so as to select a fault line in a self-adaptive manner. The method is not influenced by working conditions such as fault positions, fault resistance, line structures, neutral point grounding modes and the like, can accurately select the fault line, and has the characteristics of strong practicability, high accuracy and wide applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of positioning a small-current ground fault of a power distribution network, and particularly relates to a small-current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient energy.
Background
Most of 10-35kV medium-voltage power distribution networks in China adopt a low-current grounding mode, and more than 80% of power distribution network faults are single-phase grounding faults according to statistics. Meanwhile, the single-phase earth fault problem is difficult to effectively solve all the time due to factors such as weak fault steady-state signals, difficult recognition, frequent unstable intermittent arc faults, complex working condition environments with noise and the like. According to the latest 'technical guidance of distribution network', the technical principle of single-phase earth fault processing of a low-current earth system is improved, and after the single-phase earth fault occurs, the original 'allowing the power grid to continue to operate for 2 hours' is changed into the current 'trip selection as fast as possible'. Therefore, according to the requirements of the latest guiding rules, the location of the line with the fault and the fault point needs to be found as soon as possible, so that the responsible personnel for overhauling the operation and maintenance can take effective measures to deal with the fault in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to further improve the accuracy of fault line selection, the invention aims to provide a low-current grounding fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient state energy.
The invention mainly selects the line according to the obvious transient signal generated by the line after the fault occurs as the fault characteristic quantity, and the technical scheme is as follows:
a small current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient energy comprises the following steps:
(1) according to a power distribution network line topological graph, an actual overhead line-cable hybrid line model and a fixed value resistance fault model of the power distribution network are established on a PSCAD platform, and single-phase earth fault simulation under a simulation working condition is carried out;
(2) transient state zero sequence current at bus outlets in 1/4 power frequency periods after each feeder line fault is collected, generalized S transformation is carried out, and generalized S transformation transient state energy in a characteristic frequency band is calculated;
(3) and constructing a transient energy fault line selection criterion, comparing the transient energy of each feeder line, and if the line where the maximum value of the total transient energy meets the condition that the difference value of the transient energy is minimum, determining the fault line as the feeder line, otherwise, determining the fault line as the bus fault.
Further, the overhead line-cable hybrid line model established in the step (1) is based on an electromagnetic transient process and a frequency-dependent characteristic line model in a PSCAD platform, and comprises time domain or frequency domain transformation according to line parameters.
The overhead line-cable hybrid line model established in the step (1) is based on a line electrical element model and comprises a transformer model, an overhead line model, a cable model, a load model and a fault model.
Further, the step (2) of performing generalized S-transform on the extracted zero-sequence current to obtain the transient energy of the line includes the following transformation processes:
(21) deriving a generalized S-transform according to the S-transform and the Fourier transform, and introducing an adjusting factor into a Gaussian window function, wherein the expression of the Gaussian window function is as follows:
in the formula, δ is a time window scale factor, λ can be used to change the attenuation speed of a window function, t and f respectively represent the time and frequency of a time domain signal, and τ is a parameter for controlling the position of a Gaussian window on a time axis;
the generalized S transform is expressed as follows:
wherein h (t) represents a time domain signal of zero sequence current;
(22) deriving a discrete form of the generalized S-transform from the generalized S-transform and the Fourier transform, includingExpressed as kT, f is expressed as
The expression of the generalized S transform corresponding to the discrete form is as follows:
wherein k is 0,1,2,.., N-1, and represents time; n-0, 1, 2.., N-1, representing frequency;
(23) calculating the generalized S transformation transient state energy of each feeder line according to the generalized S transformation and an energy function equation, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
further, the transient energy fault line selection criterion in step (3) includes the following steps:
(31) calculating transient energy generated by a fault line in a characteristic frequency band, wherein the transient energy generated by the fault line is equal to the sum of the total transient energy consumed by a non-fault line and the transient energy consumed by an arc suppression coil, and the calculation expression is as follows:
in the formula, i is 1,2, …, l represents a faulty line, j is 1,2, …, l represents a non-faulty line;
(32) calculating the transient energy difference value, wherein the specific calculation expression is as follows
(33) And judging a fault line according to the transient energy, wherein the specific criterion is as follows:
if the line where the maximum value of the total transient energy quantity is located meets the condition that the difference value of the transient energy is minimum, the fault line is the current feeder line, otherwise, the fault line is a bus fault, and the calculation expression is as follows:
ΔEf＝min{ΔEi}。
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following three remarkable effects:
firstly, an overhead line-cable line hybrid line structure is established in a PSCAD platform, a frequency-dependent characteristic model in the PSCAD is adopted, and a same-rod double-loop structure of the overhead line is introduced, so that the influence of frequency changes on simulation is better reflected, the real transient process information content is fully extracted, the accuracy of a field simulation model of the single-phase earth fault of the power distribution network is improved, and the problem of fault positioning is better solved.
And secondly, the method is different from the traditional method for selecting the line by using the steady-state signal, and the line selection is mainly performed by taking the obvious transient-state signal generated by the line after the fault occurs as the fault characteristic quantity, so that the fault line selection accuracy is improved.
And thirdly, the generalized S transformation is adopted for processing and analyzing the signals, and the generalized S transformation has higher time-frequency analysis capability, so that richer time-frequency domain characteristics of the signals are extracted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a low current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient energy;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent topological diagram of an overhead line-cable hybrid line of a 10kV power distribution network;
fig. 3 is a generalized S-transform transient energy histogram of each feeder after fault simulation of the feeder 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical field of the invention better understand the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the implementation mode.
At present, the urban power distribution network mainly adopts a buried cable and overhead line hybrid connection line structure, taking Jiangsu power grid as an example, pure overhead distribution lines are gradually reduced, a large number of cable lines are added along with the pure overhead distribution lines, so that the capacitance current is continuously increased, the transient process of the small current ground fault of the power distribution network is inevitably influenced greatly, the capacitance current level of the cable lines is obviously greater than that of the overhead lines, and the noise interference of the cable lines is obviously stronger than that of the overhead lines. In addition, the urban distribution network uses the same-pole double-circuit framework for wiring in a large number, so that the electromagnetic environment around the structural line is different from a single-circuit line, multiple factors are considered to be overlapped, and the current distribution system is difficult to achieve three-phase complete balance.
The invention discloses a small current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient state energy, which is different from the traditional line selection method by utilizing steady state signals. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to a 10kV line topological graph of the power distribution network, an actual overhead line-cable hybrid line model and a fixed value resistance fault model of the power distribution network are built on a PSCAD platform, and single-phase earth fault simulation experiments under various simulation working conditions are carried out;
(2) transient state zero sequence current at bus outlets in 1/4 power frequency periods after each feeder line fault is collected, generalized S transformation is carried out, and generalized S transformation transient state energy in a characteristic frequency band is calculated;
(3) and constructing a transient energy fault line selection criterion, comparing the transient energy of each feeder line, and adaptively selecting a fault line by using the criterion.
More specifically, the PSCAD overhead line-cable hybrid line model established in step (1) mainly adopts a frequency-dependent characteristic line model in a PSCAD platform from the viewpoint of an electromagnetic transient analysis principle of a line component, and the principle is as follows:
the line parameters are frequency dependent, i.e. the capacitive reactance and the inductive reactance are not constant at different frequencies. Therefore, the parameters are used as constants to be solved by a solution formula in the time domain, and the method is not suitable for the condition that the parameters are related to the frequency, and a frequency-related formula must be established for the parameters to be solved in the frequency domain.
The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform provides three optional line models, namely a PI type equivalent model, a Bergeron model and a frequency-dependent characteristic model. Generally speaking, a PI type equivalent model and a Bergeron model can be selected for simulation under a power frequency steady-state working condition, and both belong to centralized parameter models, and the difference is that the Bergeron model replaces an LC element in a PI type equivalent line through a distributed parameter form. However, for power distribution network fault location, electrical parameters with very abundant frequency components exist in the transient transition process after a fault occurs, which requires that simulation software can relatively accurately solve the relevant characteristics of the line in a large frequency range. In this regard, the PSCAD simulation platform provides frequency-Dependent characteristics models for selection, which may be specifically divided into a frequency Dependent Model (Mode) Model for short and a Phase Dependent Model (Phase) Model for short, and the Model is numerically solved by using a Model analysis technique (Modal Techniques) and a Phase domain (Phase domain) processing technique. In particular, the Phase model uses curve fitting to reproduce the frequency response of an overhead line or a cable line, and is the most advanced time domain solution model because it represents the full frequency response of all line parameters (including the influence of frequency-dependent transformation on the transient transition process, which is important for the research on the fault transition process of a power distribution network), and is a very effective choice when considering the influence of factors such as the transient process or harmonic waves of the line; the Mode model has basically the same calculation principle as the Phase model, and also uses curve fitting to reproduce the frequency response of the overhead line or the cable line, and the difference between the two is that: the model is very suitable for numerical solution of a single wire, solution of two horizontally arranged wires or solution of a plurality of wires under the condition of ideal transposition, but is not suitable for the condition of three-phase transposition.
For the fault research of an actual power distribution network, the fact that the actual line structure is not strictly three-phase symmetric transposition generally is considered, and in addition, the load also has asymmetric influence, so that the power distribution system is a three-phase system which is not completely strictly symmetric. Therefore, in order to reproduce the transient transition process of the distribution line fault as accurately as possible, the Phase model is the best choice. During actual modeling, modeling work can be completed only by inputting relevant geometric parameters (including tower height, sag, line length, cable buried depth and the like) and wire parameters (relevant specific parameters can be consulted and determined according to the wire model) of the overhead wire and the buried cable on a simulation platform interface, and the relevant geometric parameters and the wire parameters can be output in the form of files or time domain waveforms.
The step (2) of extracting the zero sequence current and performing the generalized S transformation to obtain the transient energy of the line comprises the following processes:
the generalized S transformation is derived through Fourier transformation on the basis of S transformation, and adjustment factors are introduced into a Gaussian window function, and the window function is changed into
In the formula, δ is a time window scale factor, λ can be used to change the decay rate of the window function, t and f respectively represent the time and frequency of the time domain signal, and τ is a parameter for controlling the position of the gaussian window on the time axis.
When the lambda is larger than 1, the conversion is accelerated, the speed of the time-frequency window which is in inverse proportion to the increase of the frequency becomes faster, and the time resolution is higher; when the lambda is more than 0 and less than 1, the conversion is slowed down, the speed of the time-frequency window in inverse proportion to the increase of the frequency is slowed down, and the frequency resolution is higher; when λ is 1, the speed at which the time-frequency window is inversely proportional to the frequency is not changed, and therefore, the expression of the generalized S transform is as follows
In the formula, h (t) represents a time domain signal of the zero sequence current.
Similarly, a discrete form of the generalized S-transform can also be derived by Fourier transform, with τ denoted kT and f denoted kT
The expression is
Wherein k is 0,1,2, …, N-1, and represents time; n-1, which denotes a frequency, is 0,1, 2.
The generalized S transformation transient energy expression of each feeder line obtained by combining the generalized S transformation and the energy function equation is as follows
Suppose the total amount of transient energy EiThe feeder line where the maximum value is located is the feeder line a.
Further, the transient energy fault line selection criterion in step (3) mainly includes the following contents:
according to the principle of energy conservation, in the characteristic frequency band, the transient energy generated by the fault line is equal to the sum of the total transient energy consumed by the non-fault line and the transient energy consumed by the arc suppression coil, and the expression is as follows
In the formula, i is 1,2, …, l indicates a faulty line, and j is 1,2, …, l indicates a non-faulty line. The transient energy difference is constructed as follows
The fault line criterion of transient energy is as follows: if the line where the maximum value of the total transient energy quantity is located meets the condition that the difference value of the transient energy is minimum, the fault line is the current line, otherwise, the fault line is the bus fault and can be expressed as
ΔEf＝min{ΔEi}
As shown in fig. 2, the equivalent topological diagram of the 10kV distribution network overhead line-cable hybrid line is further presented below as an example. The implementation steps are as follows:
step one, according to a 10kV line topological graph of the power distribution network, an actual overhead line-cable parallel-serial line model and a fixed value resistance fault model of the power distribution network are built on a PSCAD platform, and single-phase earth fault simulation experiments under various simulation working conditions are carried out.
Fig. 2 corresponds to the following detailed parameters of each element of the distribution network in the PSCAD simulation:
and selecting 5 outgoing lines in the medium-voltage distribution network, wherein the total line length is 31.43km, the total cable line length reaches 7.72km, the structure is a typical overhead line-cable hybrid structure, and the overhead line part comprises a single-loop line structure and a same-pole double-loop line structure. The rated voltage is 10.5kV, the system frequency is 50Hz, the model of an overhead main line is mainly JKLYJ-240, the model of an overhead branch line is mainly JKLYJ-150, and the model of a cable line is mainly YJV 22-3X 400-400, YJV 22-3X 300-300 and YJV 22-3X 150-150.
And step two, transient zero-sequence current at bus outlets in 1/4 power frequency periods after each feeder line fault is collected, generalized S transformation is carried out, and generalized S transformation transient energy in a characteristic frequency band is calculated.
Specifically, 10% of arc suppression coil compensation degree is set in a 10kV power distribution network arc suppression coil grounding system model established by the method, a fixed value fault resistance of 300 omega, a fault initial angle of 60 degrees and a fault duration of 0.1S are set on a feeder line 4, fault simulation is carried out, and a generalized S transformation transient energy histogram of each feeder line after the fault simulation of the feeder line 4 is shown in fig. 3.
And step three, constructing a transient energy fault line selection criterion, comparing the transient energy of each feeder line, and selecting a fault line in a self-adaptive manner by using the criterion.
Table 1 shows the total transient energy and the difference of each feeder line obtained after the fault simulation occurs, and it can be seen that the total transient energy of the feeder line 4 is the maximum value, and the difference of the transient energy is the minimum value, which satisfies the fault line selection criterion requirement based on the generalized S-transform transient energy provided by the present invention, and can realize correct line selection.
The total amount of transient energy and the difference value of each feeder line obtained after 1300 omega constant value resistance fault simulation
The invention discloses a low-current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient energy, which is different from the traditional line selection method by using steady-state signals. Meanwhile, the generalized S transformation is adopted for processing and analyzing the signals, and the time-frequency analysis capability is high, so that richer time-frequency domain characteristics of the signals are extracted. The method is not influenced by working conditions such as fault positions, fault resistance, line structures, neutral point grounding modes and the like, can accurately select fault lines, and has the characteristics of strong practicability, high accuracy and wide applicability.
Claims (5)
1. A small current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient state energy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to a power distribution network line topological graph, an actual overhead line-cable hybrid line model and a fixed value resistance fault model of the power distribution network are established on a PSCAD platform, and single-phase earth fault simulation under a simulation working condition is carried out;
(2) transient state zero sequence current at bus outlets in 1/4 power frequency periods after each feeder line fault is collected, generalized S transformation is carried out, and generalized S transformation transient state energy in a characteristic frequency band is calculated;
(3) and constructing a transient energy fault line selection criterion, comparing the transient energy of each feeder line, and if the line where the maximum value of the total transient energy meets the condition that the difference value of the transient energy is minimum, determining the fault line as the feeder line, otherwise, determining the fault line as the bus fault.
2. The small-current ground fault line selection method based on generalized S-transform transient energy according to claim 1, wherein the overhead line-cable hybrid line model established in step (1) is based on an electromagnetic transient process and a frequency-dependent characteristic line model in a PSCAD platform, and comprises time domain or frequency domain transformation according to line parameters.
3. The method for selecting the small current ground fault line based on the generalized S-transform transient energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overhead line-cable hybrid line model established in step (1) is based on line electrical component models including a transformer model, an overhead line model, a cable model, a load model and a fault model.
4. The method for selecting the small-current ground fault line based on the generalized S-transform transient energy of claim 1, wherein the step (2) of performing the generalized S-transform on the extracted zero-sequence current to obtain the transient energy of the line comprises the following transformation processes:
(21) deriving a generalized S-transform according to the S-transform and the Fourier transform, and introducing an adjusting factor into a Gaussian window function, wherein the expression of the Gaussian window function is as follows:
in the formula, δ is a time window scale factor, λ can be used to change the attenuation speed of a window function, t and f respectively represent the time and frequency of a time domain signal, and τ is a parameter for controlling the position of a Gaussian window on a time axis;
the generalized S transform is expressed as follows:
wherein h (t) represents a time domain signal of zero sequence current;
(22) deriving a discrete form of the generalized S-transform from the generalized S-transform and the Fourier transform, including expressing τ as kT and f as
The expression of the discrete form of the generalized S-transform is as follows:
wherein k is 0,1,2,.., N-1, and represents time; n-0, 1, 2.., N-1, representing frequency;
(23) calculating the generalized S transformation transient state energy of each feeder line according to the generalized S transformation and an energy function equation, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
5. the method for selecting a low-current ground fault line based on generalized S-transform transient energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transient energy fault line selection criterion of step (3) comprises the following steps:
(31) calculating transient energy generated by a fault line in a characteristic frequency band, wherein the transient energy generated by the fault line is equal to the sum of the total transient energy consumed by a non-fault line and the transient energy consumed by an arc suppression coil, and the calculation expression is as follows:
in the formula, i is 1,2, …, l represents a faulty line, j is 1,2, …, l represents a non-faulty line;
(32) calculating the transient energy difference value, wherein the specific calculation expression is as follows
(33) And judging a fault line according to the transient energy, wherein the specific criterion is as follows:
if the line where the maximum value of the total transient energy quantity is located meets the condition that the difference value of the transient energy is minimum, the fault line is the current feeder line, otherwise, the fault line is a bus fault, and the calculation expression is as follows:
ΔEf＝min{ΔEi}。
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Application publication date: 20200428 |