CN111077047A - Quality detection method for fine machine-made sand - Google Patents
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quality control method for fine machine-made sand.A grain shape detector is adopted in the shaping procedure of the machine-made sand production process to detect the grain shape of shaped sand grains, and a grain grading test is carried out according to standard regulations to obtain oversize grains at all levels; respectively weighing the screen residue masses of 0.6mm, 1.18mm, 2.36mm and 4.75 mm, and accurately measuring the mass to 1 g; injecting the grain-sized sand particles to be detected into a grain shape detector, and collecting the shape image of the sand particles; after the grain-sized sand completely passes through the grain shape detector, the graphic area of the sand displayed in each acquired image is converted into the perimeter of an equivalent area circle to obtain the sphericity of the sand, and the sphericity ratio Sr in the sand is calculated0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7And finishing the quality detection of the fine mechanism sand. The detection method adopts the sphericity ratio to evaluate the particle shape characteristics of the fine machine-made sand, and further controls the quality of the machine-made sand so as to lay a foundation for various performance researches of fine machine-made sand concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of infrastructure construction, and relates to a quality detection method for fine machine-made sand.
Background
The machine-made sand is sand processed by crushed stones through a sand making machine and other accessory equipment, the finished product is more regular, and the sand can be processed into sand with different rules and sizes according to different process requirements, so that the daily requirement can be better met.
With the continuous development of infrastructure construction, the demand of concrete is increasing, the consumption of concrete raw materials, particularly the consumption of aggregate for concrete reaches the unseen height, and resources, particularly natural sand, are in short supply. In order to deal with the shortage of natural sand, the research and application work of the machine-made sand is developed in China from the last 60 years. The test method and the acceptance method for the machine-made sand are provided in the standards of construction sand (GB/T14680-2011), the quality and inspection method standards of common concrete sand and stone (JGJ 52-2006), the technical specification of artificial sand concrete application (JGJ/T241-2011) and the like issued by the nation.
Although the application research of the machine-made sand is carried out in all regions, the country has already provided the national standard, and some regions have also provided the local standard, the actual conditions of all regions have obvious differences. The research of the State of research and problem analysis of machine-made sand concrete by the civil engineering institute of transportation university in southwest China shows that the requirements of the main indexes of machine-made sand are different at home and abroad and in various regions at home, and the machine-made sand still has many problems to be solved in the practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quality control method of fine machine-made sand, which controls the grain shape of the machine-made sand to enable the number of grains meeting the grain shape requirement to be a certain proportion of the total number of grains so as to form the fine machine-made sand.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a quality detection method for fine machine-made sand adopts a grain shape detector to detect the grain shape of the shaped sand in the shaping procedure of the machine-made sand production process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out a particle grading test according to the regulation of 7.3 in GB/T14684-2011 construction sand to obtain sieved particles at each level;
2) respectively weighing the screen residue masses of 0.6mm, 1.18mm, 2.36mm and 4.75 mm, and accurately measuring the mass to 1 g;
injecting the grain-sized sand particles to be detected into a grain shape detector, and acquiring an appearance image of the sand particles in the process of falling the sand particles;
3) after the grain-sized sand completely passes through the grain shape detector, the grain shape detector converts the graphic area of the sand displayed in each acquired image into the perimeter of an equivalent area circle to obtain the sphericity of the sand, and calculates the sphericity ratio Sr in the grain-sized sand0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7And finishing the quality detection of the fine machine-made sand.
The quality detection method of the invention is based on the particle shape characteristics of the machine-made sand particles, and provides a concept of 'sphericity ratio' from the perimeter ratio difference angle of different circumferential directions of the particles, and adopts the 'sphericity ratio' to evaluate the particle shape characteristics of the fine machine-made sand, so as to control the quality of the machine-made sand, thereby laying a foundation for various performance researches of fine machine-made sand concrete, and providing guidance for optimizing the production process and improving the production efficiency of the fine machine-made sand.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a particle size shape detector used in the quality detection method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-layered baffling dispersion tube in the particle size detector shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows the substance of the present inventionActual circumference of sand projection image when calculating sand sphericity by quantity control methodP real And a schematic of projected area a.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the equivalent projected circle area of the sand shape.
FIG. 5 is a graph of surface area spall per unit test of 60 single-sided salt freeze comparative tests of natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of water absorption of natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete after 60 cycles of salt freezing experiment.
Fig. 7 is a comparison graph of ultrasonic wave relative propagation time of 60 times of salt freezing experiments of natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete.
FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of relative dynamic elastic modulus of ultrasonic waves of 60 times of salt freezing experiments of natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete.
In fig. 1 and 2: 1. the device comprises a hopper, 2 a multilayer baffling dispersion pipe, 3 a light source, 4 a recovery box, 5 a camera, 6 an image processing system, 7 a vibrating material feeding plate, 8 a first baffling plate, 9 a second baffling plate, 10 a sand outlet and 11 a shell.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a quality detection method of fine machine-made sand, which comprises the following steps of: raw material-dedusting-storing-conveying-crushing-shaping-screening-dedusting-conveying production machine sand, wherein in the shaping procedure, a grain shape detector is adopted to detect the grain shape of the shaped sand grains, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out a particle grading test according to the regulation of 7.3 in GB/T14684-2011 construction sand, and reserving screened particles at each level for later use;
2) respectively weighing the screen residue masses of 0.6mm, 1.18mm, 2.36mm and 4.75 mm, and accurately measuring the mass to 1 g;
taking the particle size shape detector shown in fig. 1, wherein the particle size shape detector comprises a vibration material feeding plate 7, a multilayer baffling dispersion pipe 2, a light source 3, a recovery box 4 and a camera 5 which are horizontally arranged, and the camera 5 is in signal connection with an image processing system 6; one end of the vibrating feed plate 7 is fixedly connected with a hopper 1 with a discharge port at the bottom, the multilayer deflection dispersion pipe 2 is positioned below the other end of the vibrating feed plate 7, namely the multilayer deflection dispersion pipe 2 is positioned below one end of the vibrating feed plate 7 without the hopper 1, and the recovery box 4 is positioned below the multilayer deflection dispersion pipe 2; light source 3 and camera 5 are located multilayer baffling dispersion pipe 2 and retrieve between the box 4, and light source 3 and camera 5 set up relatively to be located the both sides of multilayer baffling dispersion pipe 2 below respectively.
The particle size shape detector has a multi-layer baffling dispersion pipe 2 as shown in FIG. 2. Comprises a barrel-shaped shell 11, wherein a sand outlet 10 is arranged on the lower end cover of the shell 11; two sets of baffle groups are oppositely arranged on the inner wall of the shell 11, wherein one set of baffle group comprises a plurality of first baffle plates 8, the plurality of first baffle plates 8 are sequentially arranged along the inner wall of the shell from top to bottom, the other set of baffle group comprises a plurality of second baffle plates 9, the plurality of second baffle plates 9 are sequentially arranged along the inner wall of the shell from top to bottom, all the first baffle plates 8 and all the second baffle plates 9 are obliquely arranged, all the first baffle plates 8 are parallel, all the second baffle plates 9 are parallel, the first baffle plates 8 and the second baffle plates 9 are staggered, namely, one end of each first baffle plate 8 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell 11, the other end of each first baffle plate 8 is a free end, one end of each second baffle plate 9 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell 11, the other end of each second baffle plate 9 is a free end, the free end of each first baffle plate 8 is neither fixedly connected with the shell 11 nor connected with the, the free end of the second baffle 9 is neither fixed to the housing 11 nor connected to the first baffle 8.
Starting a particle size shape detector, and injecting the grain size sand needing to be detected into the hopper 1; the vibrating material feeding plate 7 vibrates, the grain-sized sand in the hopper 1 flows out from a discharge hole at the bottom of the hopper 1 and moves to the other end of the vibrating material feeding plate 7 along the vibrating material feeding plate 7, in the process, the sand is uniformly paved on the vibrating material feeding plate 7, the sand reaching the other end of the vibrating material feeding plate 7 freely falls from the vibrating material feeding plate 7, enters the multilayer deflection dispersion pipes 2, slides downwards along a tortuous channel formed by the multilayer deflection plates, finally flows out from a sand outlet 10 and falls into the recovery box 4;
in the process of sand falling, light emitted by the light source 3 is shielded by falling sand, sand outline shadows are collected by the camera 5 to form an image, the image is an outline image of the sand, the outline characteristics of machine-made sand can be truly reflected, and the perimeter and the area of a machine-made sand pattern can be clearly identified. The camera 5 transmits the acquired image to an image processing system 6;
the vibration of the material feeding plate 7 and the multi-layer deflection dispersion pipe 2 can make the sand grains fall down uniformly.
3) After the sample completely passes the detection, the image processing system 6 converts the pattern area of the sand grains displayed in each acquired image into the perimeter of an equivalent area circle:
a. the sphericity S of the sand grains is calculated according to the following formula:
S=P EQPC ÷P real=2(πA)(1/2)÷P real（1）
(1) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P EQPC representing the equivalent projected circumference of the sand;P realrepresenting the actual perimeter of the sand projection image; a represents a projected area.
Actual perimeter of sand projection imageP real And a schematic view of the projected area a, as in fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the equivalent projected circle area of the sand shape. The irregular sand grains are equivalent to a circle which is an equivalent projection circle, and the diameter of the circle is the area diameter of the equivalent projection circlex。
When the projected area of a particle is equal to the projected area of another circle, the diameter of the circle is determinedxReferred to as the equivalent projected circle area diameter of the particle.
Sphericity S: it is meant that the quotient of the equivalent projected circumference of the particle divided by the actual circumference of the projected image of the particle is accurate to 0.1.
The sphericity S is between 0 and 1, the smaller the value is, the more irregular the particle shape is, and the larger the value is, the more round the particle shape is.
b. Calculating the sphericity ratio Sr0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7：
Sr0.8=（N 0.8÷N）×100% （2）
Sr0.7=（N 0.7÷N）×100% （3）
N 0.8The number of particles with the sphericity not less than 0.80 in the sample;
N 0.7the number of particles with the sphericity not less than 0.70 in the sample;
Nthe total number of particles of the sample is taken;
Sr0.8the percentage of the number of particles with sphericity not less than 0.8 in the total number of particles of the detection sample is expressed;
Sr0.7the percentage of the number of particles with sphericity not less than 0.7 to the total number of particles in the test sample is referred to.
Sphericity ratio Sr0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7Respectively taking the arithmetic mean value of the two test results, and accurately obtaining the arithmetic mean value to 0.1%; sphericity ratio Sr of single sand sample in single test0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7Respectively taking the average value of the sum of all the particle sizes, and accurately obtaining the average value to 0.1%; if the screen allowance on a certain fraction is 0, the sphericity ratio Sr of the fraction0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7All are calculated as 100%.
N 0.8AndN 0.70.8 and 0.7 in (1) respectively represent the sphericity, the larger the value is, the closer the sand grain shape of the single-granulator is to the equivalent circle, the better the grain shape is, on the contrary, the worse the grain shape is, Sr0.8And Sr0.7The larger the number of the particles having a sphericity of not less than 0.8 or 0.7, the better the overall particle shape of the fine machined sand.
The sphericity and the sphericity ratio can react well to the form state of the machine-made sand particles and the whole body, so the sphericity ratio is used to evaluate the form quality of the machine-made sand.
The machine-made sand with better grain shape has round and smooth grains, the prepared concrete has better workability, good working performance, mechanical property, volume stability and durability, and the action mechanism is as follows: the rounded machine-made sand particles can well fill gaps formed by concrete coarse aggregates, can play a lubricating role in the whole concrete, and are easy to compact so as to achieve various excellent performance indexes.
Selecting machine-made sand produced in different areas and processes to perform sphericity ratio test according to the method, and numbering test samples, wherein samples No. 1, No. 3, No. 6 and No. 8 are ordinary machine-made sand (PTS), samples No. 2 and No. 4 are fine machine-made sand (JPS), and samples No. 5 and No. 7 are stone powder (SF) produced by producing broken stones. The specific test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 sphericity ratio test data (%)
As can be seen from Table 1, the sphericity ratio of 0.5 to 0.6 can reach more than 98% for either fine machine-made sand or ordinary machine-made sand or stone powder; the sphericity ratio of 0.7 or above is changed obviously, and the sphericity ratio of 0.8 and the sphericity ratio of 0.7 are classified according to the current standard specification by comprehensively comparing the data of two technical indexes, namely the sphericity ratio and the sphericity ratio, and the table 2 specifically shows.
TABLE 2 sphericity ratio of machine-made sand technical index requirement (%)
Combining the quality requirement of the concrete sand in the specification, the particle shape of the fine mechanism sand is suggested to be controlled simultaneouslySr 0.8AndSr 0.7two technical indexes, 1 type sand and 2 type sand can be used for concrete, and 3 type sand is only used for mortar.
A fine mechanism sand and high-quality natural sand are adopted to carry out a correlation performance comparison test, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the contrast test adopts the same conditions, the water-cement ratios of 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 are respectively selected, the design parameters of the mixing ratio are the same, the mixing amount of the fly ash, the cement dosage, the sand rate and the unit water consumption are the same, the mixing amount of the added admixture is changed due to the difference of the stone powder content and the particle size of the fine aggregate, the mixing amount range is 1.0-1.5%, and the specific mixing ratio parameters are as follows: 155kg of unit water consumption, 30% of fly ash mixing amount and 41-42% of sand rate.
The performance of the blend, 56 day compressive strength, 56 day electrical flux, 56 day chloride ion diffusion coefficient and shrinkage change from 28 days to 60 days, 60 single-sided salt freezes were tested.
1) And (3) performing a mixture performance comparison test to obtain a natural sand and fine machine-made sand concrete mixture performance comparison table shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison table of natural sand and fine machine-made sand concrete mixture performance
2) And performing a 56-day compressive strength comparison test to obtain a table for comparing the compressive strengths of the natural sand and the fine machine-made sand concrete 56d shown in the table 4.
TABLE 4 compressive strength of natural sand and fine machine-made sand concrete 56d
3) And 6d, performing a 56-day electric flux comparison test to obtain an electric flux comparison table of the natural sand and the fine machine-made sand concrete 56d shown in the table 5.
TABLE 5 Electrical flux of Natural Sand and Fine machine-made Sand concrete 56d
4) 56 days of chloride ion diffusion coefficient comparative test to obtain the natural sand and fine machine-made sand concrete Cl shown in the table 6-Diffusion coefficient (0.1X 10)-12m2S) comparison table.
TABLE 6 Natural Sand and Fine machine-made Sand concrete Cl-Coefficient of diffusion
5) Shrinkage change rate control test from 28 days to 60 days. The shrinkage variation/(1X 10) of the natural sand and fine machine-made sand concrete shown in Table 7-6) And (6) comparing the tables.
TABLE 7 shrinkage variation of natural sand and fine machine-made sand concrete
TRS in tables 3 to 7 represents natural sand, and JPJZS represents fine machine-made sand.
6) The quality contrast chart of the peeled objects in unit test surface area is obtained by performing single-face salt freezing contrast test on natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete for 60 times, and is shown in figure 5.
The water absorption of natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete after 60 cycles of salt freezing experiment is compared as shown in fig. 6.
The ultrasonic wave relative propagation time contrast chart of 60 times of salt freezing experiments of natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete is shown in figure 7.
The ultrasonic wave relative dynamic elastic modulus contrast chart of 60 times of salt freezing experiments of natural sand concrete and fine machine-made sand concrete is shown in figure 8.
As can be seen from tables 3 to 7 and fig. 5 to 8, the properties of the fine machine-made sand concrete are substantially the same as those of the high-quality natural sand concrete, and some of the performance indexes are better than those of the high-quality natural sand concrete, for example: electrical flux, shrinkage variation, and the like.
The machine-made sand used in the test is the machine-made sand which meets the technical requirements and is detected by the sphericity ratio provided by the detection method, the grain shape state of the machine-made sand can be basically consistent with that of the natural sand by controlling the index, the consistency of the machine-made sand and the natural sand is ensured, the concrete performance comparison test proves that the concrete prepared by the machine-made sand and the natural sand has consistency, and further the fine machine-made sand detected by the detection method can be used as concrete fine aggregate to replace the natural sand.
Claims (3)
1. A quality control method for fine machine-made sand is characterized in that a grain shape detector is adopted in a shaping procedure of a machine-made sand production process to detect the grain shape of shaped sand grains, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out a particle grading test according to the regulation of 7.3 in GB/T14684-2011 construction sand to obtain sieved particles at each level;
2) respectively weighing the screen residue masses of 0.6mm, 1.18mm, 2.36mm and 4.75 mm, and accurately measuring the mass to 1 g;
injecting the grain-sized sand particles to be detected into a grain shape detector, and acquiring an appearance image of the sand particles in the process of falling the sand particles;
3) after the grain-sized sand completely passes through the grain shape detector, the grain shape detector converts the graphic area of the sand displayed in each acquired image into the perimeter of an equivalent area circle to obtain the sphericity of the sand, and calculates the sphericity ratio Sr in the grain-sized sand0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7And finishing the quality detection of the fine machine-made sand.
2. The method for controlling the quality of fine machine-made sand according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the sphericity S of the sand grains is calculated according to the following formula:
S=P EQPC ÷P real=2(πA)(1/2)÷P real（1）
(1) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P EQPC representing the equivalent projected circumference of the sand;P realrepresenting the actual perimeter of the sand projection image; a represents a projected area;
then calculate the sphericity ratio Sr0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7：
Sr0.8=（N 0.8÷N）×100% （2）
Sr0.7=（N 0.7÷N）×100% （3）
N 0.8The number of particles with the sphericity not less than 0.80 in the sample;
N 0.7the number of particles with the sphericity not less than 0.70 in the sample;
Nthe total number of particles of the sample is taken;
Sr0.8the percentage of the number of particles with sphericity not less than 0.8 in the total number of particles of the detection sample is expressed;
Sr0.7the percentage of the number of particles with sphericity not less than 0.7 in the total number of particles of the detection sample is expressed;
Sr0.8and Sr0.7The larger the number of the particles having a sphericity of not less than 0.8 or 0.7, the better the overall particle shape of the fine machined sand.
3. The method of controlling quality of fine machine-made sand according to claim 2, wherein said sphericity ratio Sr0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7Respectively taking the arithmetic mean value of the two test results, and accurately obtaining the arithmetic mean value to 0.1%; sphericity ratio Sr of single sand sample in single test0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7Respectively taking the average value of the sum of all the particle sizes, and accurately obtaining the average value to 0.1%; if the screen allowance on a certain fraction is 0, the sphericity ratio Sr of the fraction0.8And sphericity ratio Sr0.7All are calculated as 100%.
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| CN113740193A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-03 | 北京路新沥青混凝土有限公司 | Asphalt concrete quality monitoring method and equipment thereof |
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| CN113740193A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-03 | 北京路新沥青混凝土有限公司 | Asphalt concrete quality monitoring method and equipment thereof |
| CN113740193B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-12-20 | 北京路新沥青混凝土有限公司 | Asphalt concrete quality monitoring method and equipment thereof |
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