CN111074095B - Precise forming and casting method for high-volume-fraction titanium-based composite material - Google Patents

Precise forming and casting method for high-volume-fraction titanium-based composite material Download PDF

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CN111074095B
CN111074095B CN201811213350.0A CN201811213350A CN111074095B CN 111074095 B CN111074095 B CN 111074095B CN 201811213350 A CN201811213350 A CN 201811213350A CN 111074095 B CN111074095 B CN 111074095B
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titanium
composite material
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CN111074095A (en
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赵军
史昆
刘时兵
曲赫威
张志勇
刘宏宇
刘鸿羽
任亚飞
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Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co Ltd Of China National Machinery Research Institute Group
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
    • C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C23C4/11—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying

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Abstract

The invention aims to provide a precise forming and casting method of a high-volume-fraction titanium-based composite material, which specifically comprises the following steps: preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode for a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace, and then processing a required graphite casting mold; preparing a plasma spraying powder raw material, and then spraying a refractory coating on the surface of the graphite casting mould by using a plasma spraying technology; after vacuum degassing of the graphite casting mold, assembling and combining according to the mold assembling requirements of the casting mold; and placing the combined casting mold into a vacuum consumable skull melting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting. The titanium-based composite material casting cast by the process has the advantages of high internal quality, high surface quality, high dimensional precision, high performance and impact resistance, and simultaneously greatly reduces the production cost, shortens the production period and improves the production efficiency compared with other process methods.

Description

Precise forming and casting method for high-volume-fraction titanium-based composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a casting method, in particular to a graphite mold casting method for precise forming of a titanium-based composite material.
Background
With the rapid development of the industries such as aerospace, petrochemical industry, mineral exploitation and the like, the demand on some wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant pump bodies, cover plates and blade titanium-based composite castings is increasing. The products are mainly formed by casting, and the prior titanium-based composite material casting technology mainly comprises the processes of investment precision casting, machining graphite casting and the like.
Aiming at the problems that the titanium-based composite material needs to be used in the environment with wear resistance, corrosion resistance and impact resistance and has higher performance, the titanium-based composite material prepared by the traditional investment precision casting method has large grains, low impact performance and longer production period, the shell is basically disposable and has higher cost. By adopting the machining graphite casting process, the graphite casting can be quickly machined by using a numerical control machining center, the casting can be reused by reasonably designing the casting structure, and the graphite casting has stronger chilling effect and can refine grains. Meanwhile, the casting can break dendritic crystal refined grains in the vacuum centrifugal process, and the performance of the casting is improved.
In addition, the traditional coating process method is used for coating a coating on the surface of the graphite casting mold, so that the thickness of the coating is easily uneven, the bonding strength of the coating is not high, the coating is easily peeled off, and the slag inclusion defect is generated in the casting. Compared with the traditional coating process method, the plasma spraying technology is utilized to spray the coating on the surface of the graphite casting mold, so that the consistency of the thickness of the coating can be effectively improved, the bonding strength of the coating is improved, the surface quality of the casting is improved, slag inclusion in the casting is prevented, and the effect of obviously improving the quality is achieved.
Therefore, the titanium-based composite material casting cast by utilizing the machining graphite casting process has the characteristics of high performance, high dimensional precision, high surface quality, short production period, high efficiency and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ autogenous (metal matrix composite synthesized by autogenous reaction between matrix components rather than externally added reinforcement) high-volume-fraction titanium matrix composite precise forming and casting method, which mainly adopts a fusion casting method to prepare a high-volume-fraction titanium matrix composite precise casting, and is different from a method for directly adding TiB or TiC reinforcement phase into a titanium matrix material to reinforce. The invention obtains the high volume fraction titanium-based composite material blade casting by combining the chilling action of the graphite mold with the centrifugal casting of the vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a precise forming and casting method for a high volume fraction titanium-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
(1) preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode for a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace:
preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode by using a powder metallurgy process, wherein the titanium-based composite material comprises the following components: 5.5-6.8% of Al, 0.8-2.5% of V, 0.5-2.0% of Mo, 1.5-2.5% of Zr, 0-0.30% of Fe, 0-0.15% of Si, 0.5-1.5% of C, 2.5-6.7% of B, 0-0.05% of N, 0-0.015% of H, 0-0.12% of O and the balance of Ti;
(2) preparing a graphite casting mold;
(3) preparing a plasma spraying powder raw material:
mixing 7-9% of yttrium oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns, 9-11% of calcium oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns, 1-3% of aluminum oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns and the balance of zirconium oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns uniformly, and then ball-milling for 3-4 hours; sintering the obtained powder at a high temperature of 1800-3000 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature arc melting method, and then spheroidizing and granulating the obtained material to obtain 45-micron powder;
(4) spraying a refractory coating on the surface of the graphite casting mold:
spraying the prepared spraying powder on the surface of the graphite casting mold by using a plasma spraying technology;
(5) after vacuum degassing of the graphite casting mold, assembling and combining according to the mold assembling requirements of the casting mold;
(6) smelting and pouring:
and placing the combined casting mold into a vacuum consumable skull melting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting.
As a preferred technical scheme:
in the step (1), the technological process for preparing the titanium-based composite material electrode by using the powder metallurgy process is as follows:
(a) vacuum material mixing: mixing TC4Titanium alloy powderPowder, B4C, mixing the powder, putting the mixture into a mixing tank, vacuumizing, setting the rotating speed of a tank mill and the mixing time to uniformly mix the powder, and filling the mixed powder into a metal sheath;
the TC4The particle size of the titanium alloy powder is preferably 80-150 mu m, B4The particle size of the C powder is preferably 125-150 mu m; b is4The addition amount of the C powder is TC4Titanium alloy powder and B42.5-6.7 wt% of the C powder; the vacuum mixing condition is that the vacuum degree is lower than 1 multiplied by 10-1Pa, the rotating speed is 60-100 r/min, and the mixing time is 30-60 min (preferably, the rotating speed is 60r/min, and the mixing time is 30 min);
(b) sheathing and vacuum welding: pumping the vacuum degree of the metal sheath filled with the powder to 1 x 10-2Sealing and welding the sheath by using a tungsten electrode argon arc welding machine below Pa, and detecting whether the sheath leaks gas by using a helium mass spectrometer;
(c) hot isostatic pressing metallurgical bonding: treating the packaged metal sheath by a hot isostatic pressing process to enable the metal sheath to be fully metallurgically bonded to obtain an electrode ingot;
the hot isostatic pressing conditions were: keeping the temperature of 910-930 ℃ under the argon pressure of 100-140 MPa, preserving the heat for 2-2.5 h, and cooling to below 300 ℃;
(d) removing the sheath: most of a metal sheath of the electrode ingot is machined by a machining method, then the electrode ingot is soaked by acid liquor, and residual sheath materials are removed by corrosion, so that impurity elements are prevented from being mixed in the subsequent smelting process; the metal sheath is made of low-carbon steel, and the carbon content is lower than 0.25 percent;
(e) preparing an electrode: welding the processed electrode ingot into an electrode used for a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace, wherein the diameter of the electrode is
Figure BDA0001832953650000041
In the step (3), 8 wt.% of yttrium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns, 10% of calcium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns, 2% of aluminum oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns and 80% of zirconium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns are uniformly mixed and then ball-milled for 3-4 hours; the obtained powder is sintered at high temperature by adopting a high-temperature electric arc melting method, the sintering temperature is 1800-3000 ℃, and the obtained material is spheroidized and granulated to obtain 45-micron powder.
In the step (4), the thickness of the refractory coating is controlled to be 0.10 mm-0.25 mm.
In the step (5), the graphite casting mold and the metal mold core are placed in a vacuum degassing furnace for vacuum degassing; vacuumizing to less than or equal to 5X 10-1Pa, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 30-200 ℃ and discharging.
In the step (6), the combined casting mold is placed in a vacuum consumable skull melting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting, a consumable electrode made of a titanium-based composite material is placed in a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull melting furnace, the gap between the consumable electrode and the inner wall of a crucible is 30-100 mm, a vacuum pump is started, and the casting mold is vacuumized to be less than or equal to 10 DEG-1After Pa, smelting at the voltage of 38-40V and the current of 12000A-18000A; the cooling water pressure is 0.4MPa, the temperature of the crucible inlet water is 19 ℃, and the temperature of the crucible outlet water is 38 ℃; and pouring titanium alloy liquid into the casting mould by adopting a vacuum centrifugal pouring process, wherein the centrifugal rotating speed is 100-300 r/m.
Aiming at the wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant blade titanium-based composite material casting, the titanium-based composite material casting cast by the process has the advantages of high internal quality, high surface quality, high dimensional precision, high performance and impact resistance, and simultaneously greatly reduces the production cost, shortens the production period and improves the production efficiency compared with other process methods.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples, and if one skilled in the art makes some insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present invention based on the above disclosure, the present invention still falls within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Firstly, preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode for a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace
The powder metallurgy process is used to prepare Ti-base composite material electrode with the required Ti powder and B powder4C powder is ground in a vacuum tank according to the required proportionMixing, filling the mixture into a metal sheath, performing vacuum pumping sealing and welding treatment, performing hot isostatic pressing, and finally dissolving the sheath by using acid liquor to prepare the needed consumable electrode made of the titanium-based composite material.
The titanium-based composite material comprises the following components: 5.6% of Al, 2.4% of V, 0.6% of Mo, 2.4% of Zr, 0.11% of Fe, 0.02% of Si, 1.5% of C, 6.7% of B, 0.03% of N, 0.010% of H, 0.10% of O and the balance of Ti.
Secondly, preparing a graphite casting mould
And (5) processing the required graphite casting mold by using a numerical control processing center according to a drawing.
Preparation of plasma spraying powder raw material
Mixing 8 percent of yttrium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m, 10 percent of calcium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m, 2 percent of aluminum oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m and 80 percent of zirconium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m uniformly, and then ball-milling for 3 hours; the obtained powder is sintered at high temperature of 1800 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature arc melting method, and the obtained material is spheroidized to prepare 45-micron powder.
Fourth, plasma spraying refractory coating on graphite casting surface
And spraying the prepared spraying powder on the surface of the graphite casting mold by using a plasma spraying technology, wherein the thickness of the coating is controlled to be 0.10 mm.
Fifthly, graphite casting mold vacuum degassing, and casting mold combination:
placing the graphite casting mold and the metal mold core in a vacuum degassing furnace, and vacuumizing to less than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10-1Pa, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 30 ℃ and discharging. And then assembling and combining the graphite casting mold according to the mold assembling requirement of the casting mold, and waiting for casting.
Sixthly, smelting and pouring
Placing the combined casting mold in a vacuum consumable skull melting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting, placing a consumable electrode made of a titanium-based composite material in an electric arc skull melting furnace of the vacuum consumable electrode, wherein the gap between the consumable electrode and the inner wall of a crucible is 30mm, starting a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing to less than or equal to 10 DEG-1After Pa, smelting at the voltage of 38-40V and the current of 12000A-18000A; cooling water pressure 0.4MPa, the temperature of the crucible inlet water is 19 ℃, and the temperature of the crucible outlet water is 38 ℃. Then, titanium alloy liquid is poured into the casting mould by adopting a vacuum centrifugal pouring process, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 100 r/min.
The practical application is as follows:
the cover plate casting is applied to perchloric acid solution at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, and is stirred in ore powder slurry equipment under the pressure of 2MPa, so that the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the casting are good, the service life of the casting is prolonged by 50% compared with that of a TA15 alloy casting, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Example 2
Firstly, preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode for a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace
The titanium-based composite material comprises the following components: 6.0% of Al, 2.5% of V, 1.0% of Mo, 2.3% of Zr, 0.12% of Fe, 0.02% of Si, 0.5% of C, 2.5% of B, 0.031% of N, 0.011% of H, 0.09% of O and the balance of Ti.
Secondly, preparing a graphite casting mould
And (5) processing the required graphite casting mold by using a numerical control processing center according to a drawing.
Preparation of plasma spraying powder raw material
Mixing 9% of yttrium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m, 9% of calcium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m, 1% of aluminum oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m and 81% of zirconium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m uniformly, and then ball-milling for 4 hours; the obtained powder is sintered at high temperature, the sintering temperature is 2500 ℃, and the obtained material is spheroidized to prepare 45-micron powder.
Fourth, plasma spraying refractory coating on graphite casting surface
And spraying the prepared spraying powder on the surface of the graphite casting mold by using a plasma spraying technology, wherein the thickness of the coating is controlled to be 0.20 mm.
Fifthly, graphite casting mold vacuum degassing, and casting mold combination:
placing the graphite casting mold and the metal mold core in a vacuum degassing furnace, and vacuumizing to less than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10-1Pa, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 150 ℃ and discharging. Then according to the mould assembling requirement of the casting mould, the graphite casting mould is assembledAnd (5) matching and assembling, and waiting for casting.
Sixthly, smelting and pouring
Placing the combined casting mould into a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull melting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting, placing a titanium-based composite consumable electrode into the vacuum consumable electrode arc skull melting furnace, wherein the gap between the consumable electrode and the inner wall of a crucible is 30mm, starting a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing to less than or equal to 10 DEG-1After Pa, smelting at the voltage of 38-40V and the current of 12000A-18000A; the cooling water pressure is 0.4MPa, the temperature of the crucible inlet water is 19 ℃, and the temperature of the crucible outlet water is 38 ℃. Then, titanium alloy liquid is poured into the casting mould by adopting a vacuum centrifugal pouring process, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 200 r/min.
The practical application is as follows:
the pump body casting is applied to perchloric acid solution at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, and is stirred in ore powder slurry equipment under the pressure of 2MPa, so that the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the casting are good, the service life of the casting is prolonged by 50% compared with that of a TA15 alloy casting, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Example 3
Firstly, preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode for a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace
The titanium-based composite material comprises the following components: 6.5% of Al, 2.0% of V, 1.6% of Mo, 2.2% of Zr, 0.13% of Fe, 0.04% of Si, 1.0% of C, 4.2% of B, 0.025% of N, 0.008% of H, 0.09% of O and the balance of Ti.
Secondly, preparing a graphite casting mould
And (5) processing the required graphite casting mold by using a numerical control processing center according to a drawing.
Preparation of plasma spraying powder raw material
Mixing 7% of yttrium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m, 11% of calcium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m, 2% of aluminum oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m and 80% of zirconium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 mu m uniformly, and then ball-milling for 3.5 hours; the obtained powder is sintered at high temperature, the sintering temperature is 3000 ℃, and the obtained material is spheroidized to prepare 45-micron powder.
Fourth, plasma spraying refractory coating on graphite casting surface
And spraying the prepared spraying powder on the surface of the graphite casting mold by using a plasma spraying technology, wherein the thickness of the coating is controlled to be 0.25 mm.
Fifthly, graphite casting mold vacuum degassing, and casting mold combination:
placing the graphite casting mold and the metal mold core in a vacuum degassing furnace, and vacuumizing to less than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10-1Pa, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 150 ℃ and discharging. And then assembling and combining the graphite casting mold according to the mold assembling requirement of the casting mold, and waiting for casting.
Sixthly, smelting and pouring
Placing the combined casting mold in a vacuum consumable skull melting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting, placing a consumable electrode made of a titanium-based composite material in an electric arc skull furnace of the vacuum consumable electrode, wherein the gap between the consumable electrode and the inner wall of a crucible is 80mm, starting a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing to less than or equal to 10 DEG-1After Pa, smelting at the voltage of 38-40V and the current of 12000A-18000A; the cooling water pressure is 0.4MPa, the temperature of the crucible inlet water is 19 ℃, and the temperature of the crucible outlet water is 38 ℃. Then, titanium alloy liquid is poured into the casting mould by adopting a vacuum centrifugal pouring process, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 300 r/m.
The practical application is as follows:
the blade casting is applied to a perchloric acid solution at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, and is stirred in ore powder slurry equipment under the pressure of 2MPa, so that the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the casting are good, the service life of the casting is prolonged by 50% compared with that of a TA15 alloy casting, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A precise forming and casting method for a high volume fraction titanium-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
(1) preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode for a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace:
preparing a titanium-based composite material electrode by using a powder metallurgy process, wherein the titanium-based composite material comprises the following components: 5.5-6.8% of Al, 0.8-2.5% of V, 0.5-2.0% of Mo, 1.5-2.5% of Zr, 0-0.30% of Fe, 0-0.15% of Si, 0.5-1.5% of C, 2.5-6.7% of B, 0-0.05% of N, 0-0.015% of H, 0-0.12% of O and the balance of Ti;
(2) preparing a graphite casting mold;
(3) preparing a plasma spraying powder raw material:
mixing 7-9% of yttrium oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns, 9-11% of calcium oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns, 1-3% of aluminum oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns and the balance of zirconium oxide powder with the particle size of 45-75 microns uniformly, and then ball-milling for 3-4 hours; the obtained powder is smelted at high temperature of 1800-3000 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature arc smelting method, and the obtained material is spheroidized to prepare 45-micron powder;
(4) spraying a refractory coating on the surface of the graphite casting mold:
spraying the prepared spraying powder on the surface of the graphite casting mold by using a plasma spraying technology;
(5) after vacuum degassing of the graphite casting mold, assembling and combining according to the mold assembling requirements of the casting mold;
(6) smelting and pouring:
and placing the combined casting mold into a vacuum consumable skull melting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting.
2. The method for precisely forming and casting the high volume fraction Ti-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the process for preparing the Ti-based composite material electrode by using the powder metallurgy process comprises the following steps:
(a) vacuum material mixing: mixing the required titanium alloy powder and B4C, mixing the powder, putting the mixture into a mixing tank, vacuumizing, setting the rotating speed of a tank mill and the mixing time to uniformly mix the powder, and filling the mixed powder into a metal sheath;
(b) sheathing and vacuum welding: pumping the vacuum degree of the metal sheath filled with the powder to 1 x 10-2Below Pa, using argon tungsten arc welding machine to wrap the bagSealing and welding the sleeve;
(c) hot isostatic pressing metallurgical bonding: treating the packaged metal sheath by a hot isostatic pressing process to enable the metal sheath to be fully metallurgically bonded to obtain an electrode ingot;
(d) removing the sheath: processing and removing a metal sheath of the electrode ingot by a mechanical processing method, then soaking the electrode ingot in acid liquor, and removing residual sheath materials by corrosion;
(e) preparing an electrode: welding the processed electrode ingot into an electrode used by a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace.
3. The method for precision form casting of high volume fraction titanium-based composites of claim 1 wherein: in the step (3), 8 wt.% of yttrium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns, 10% of calcium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns, 2% of aluminum oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns and 80% of zirconium oxide powder with the granularity of 45-75 microns are uniformly mixed and then ball-milled for 3-4 hours; the obtained powder is smelted at high temperature of 1800-3000 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature arc smelting method, and the obtained material is spheroidized to prepare 45-micron powder.
4. The method for precision form casting of high volume fraction titanium-based composites of claim 1 wherein: in the step (4), the thickness of the refractory coating is controlled to be 0.10 mm-0.25 mm.
5. The method for precision form casting of high volume fraction titanium-based composites of claim 1 wherein: in the step (5), the graphite casting mold and the metal mold core are placed in a vacuum degassing furnace for vacuum degassing; vacuumizing to less than or equal to 5X 10-1Pa, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 30-200 ℃ and discharging.
6. The method for precision form casting of high volume fraction titanium-based composites of claim 1 wherein: in the step (6), the combined casting mold is placed in a vacuum self-consuming skull smelting furnace for vacuum centrifugal casting, and a titanium-based composite material self-consuming electrode is placed in a vacuum self-consuming furnaceIn the consumable electrode arc skull furnace, the clearance between the consumable electrode and the inner wall of the crucible is 30 mm-100 mm, a vacuum pump is started, and the crucible is vacuumized to be less than or equal to 10 DEG-1After Pa, smelting at the voltage of 38-40V and the current of 12000A-18000A; the cooling water pressure is 0.4MPa, the temperature of the crucible inlet water is 19 ℃, and the temperature of the crucible outlet water is 38 ℃; and pouring titanium alloy liquid into the casting mould by adopting a vacuum centrifugal pouring process, wherein the centrifugal rotating speed is 100-300 r/m.
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CN112404426B (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-09-24 西北工业大学 Titanium-aluminum alloy die, preparation method of titanium-aluminum alloy outer sheath and method for performing spark plasma sintering by using titanium-aluminum alloy die

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