CN111072370A - Process for producing high-strength sintered hollow brick by using tailings - Google Patents

Process for producing high-strength sintered hollow brick by using tailings Download PDF

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CN111072370A
CN111072370A CN201911337333.2A CN201911337333A CN111072370A CN 111072370 A CN111072370 A CN 111072370A CN 201911337333 A CN201911337333 A CN 201911337333A CN 111072370 A CN111072370 A CN 111072370A
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powder
granularity
hollow brick
tailings
illite
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王雅婷
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Anhui Dingteri Network Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Dingteri Network Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/131—Inorganic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
    • C04B33/1352—Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a process for producing a high-strength sintered hollow brick by using tailings, which relates to the technical field of hollow bricks; the process comprises the following steps: (1) after stirring and crushing the river sludge, adding water and stirring the river sludge, the tailing powder, mullite powder, illite powder, rice hull ash and portland cement; aging, stirring and kneading; molding by a double-stage vacuum extruder; (2) naturally drying the hollow brick adobe in a room-temperature windless environment; then the mixture is placed in a drying chamber for two-stage drying, and the temperature, the relative humidity of air and the flow rate of air are strictly controlled; (3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, and strictly controlling the temperature rise speed; (4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing. The tailing powder, the mullite powder, the illite powder, the rice hull ash, the Portland cement and the river silt are reasonably matched, and the prepared sintered hollow brick has high strength, low water absorption, low heat conduction coefficient, attractive appearance and good sound insulation effect through an optimized production process.

Description

Process for producing high-strength sintered hollow brick by using tailings
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hollow bricks, in particular to a process for producing a high-strength sintered hollow brick by utilizing tailings.
Background
The building industry is continuously developing, the requirements of people on building engineering are gradually increased, and the requirements of people on buildings are gradually increased nowadays when the building engineering is continuously developed. Most of the existing building construction uses sintered energy-saving heat-insulating hollow bricks, and the hollow bricks have the characteristics of good heat-insulating effect, energy conservation and the same service life as buildings, and are widely used in building engineering.
The hollow brick has low requirements on manufacturing materials, and materials such as coal gangue, shale, fly ash, clay and the like can be used as raw materials for producing the hollow brick. Compared with solid bricks, the hollow bricks have the advantages that the quantity of raw materials used in unit area is less, the consumption of the raw materials and the bonding materials in the production of the hollow bricks is increased, and the production cost of the hollow bricks is reduced. The hollow brick is a common material for wall construction of modern civil buildings due to the easily available raw materials and low production cost of the hollow brick. With the popularization and application of the hollow brick in the field of modern buildings, the production and manufacturing technology of the hollow brick is rapidly improved. The conventional sintered hollow brick has a gap, and the sintering time of the conventional sintered hollow brick is shorter than that of a solid brick, so that the supply requirement of the hollow brick of a large building wall can be met during batch production.
With the high-rise development of modern civil buildings, the wall construction has strict requirements on the weight and the rigidity of materials. The hollow bricks have low density and high strength, meet the requirements of modern high-rise buildings on wall materials, and can greatly reduce the construction cost, reduce the total weight of the building and improve the structural strength of the building by selecting the hollow bricks in the wall construction of the modern civil buildings. . CN 104291788A discloses a high-strength hollow brick and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-strength hollow brick is composed of the following raw materials: the building garbage, the purple sand shale, the coal gangue, the phosphogypsum and the water are prepared from wastes as raw materials, and have the advantages of strong water absorption, pressure resistance, shock resistance, small shrinkage, low energy consumption during brick firing and low cost, wherein the compressive strength can reach 15.67 Mpa. The shrinkage value is 0.45mm/m, the weight loss is 4.4 percent, the freezing resistance strength loss is 18 percent, and the water absorption rate is 16 percent.
At present, much work is done on comprehensive utilization of tailings in China, experiences are also accumulated, and a batch of technologies and equipment are successfully developed by utilizing the experiences. The comprehensive utilization of the tailings is mainly embodied in cement, glass and inorganic artificial marble, the production of high value-added materials and the like. In China, some researches are also carried out on the preparation of hollow bricks by taking tailings as main raw materials.
CN 102503263A discloses a building hollow brick using industrial tailings and a preparation method thereof, wherein the industrial tailings are added with at least one of cement, fly ash and slag for mixing, the mixture is molded by vibration or under pressure, the demolding is carried out after the curing, and the hollow brick with the strength of more than 5MPa can be obtained by continuously curing at room temperature for 28 days, but the strength of the hollow brick is lower and the application range is limited.
CN 103755379A discloses a method for preparing a foamed hollow brick by using iron tailings as a main material, which comprises the steps of crushing the iron tailings, clay, quicklime and a foaming agent, mixing the materials in proportion to obtain a mixture, adding water into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain a foamed hollow brick blank, and sequentially drying, calcining, foaming and cooling the blank to obtain the foamed hollow brick, wherein the average value of the compressive strength of the foamed hollow brick can reach 11.0 MPa. Although this foamed hollow block already has a high strength, it is still somewhat restrictive in the face of the increasing strength requirements of the existing market for hollow blocks. In the prior art, the research on the use of tailings for preparing the sintered hollow brick is less, so that the development of the sintered hollow brick with the tailings as the main raw material and high strength has good economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process for producing a high-strength sintered hollow brick by using tailings, wherein the tailings powder, mullite powder, illite powder, rice hull ash, portland cement and river silt are reasonably matched, and the prepared sintered hollow brick has high strength, low water absorption rate, low heat conduction coefficient, attractive appearance and good sound insulation effect through an optimized production process, and the production process is easy to operate and can be used for large-scale production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a process for producing high-strength sintered hollow bricks by using tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) sending 38-45 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, sending the crushed sludge, 40-50 parts of tailing powder, 15-25 parts of mullite powder, 8-13 parts of illite powder, 3-6 parts of rice hull ash and 6-9 parts of portland cement into the double-shaft stirrer together, adding water and stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 17-20%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for a certain time through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, then entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, and then extruding the mixture by a double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, so that the mixture enters a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 12-16% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20-30% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 25-35% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powder in percentage by weight: 10-15% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 18-25% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 30-50% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder comprises the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 20-30% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 35-55% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 10-12 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 40-45 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 80-90% for 3-4 h, wherein the flow speed of air is 2.5-3 m/s; adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 70-80 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 45-55%, adjusting the flow rate of air to 2.2-2.8 m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 4-5% to obtain a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 870-890 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 0.7-1.2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30-40 min; then heating to 980-1010 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.3-0.6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-2.5 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
When the hollow brick is sintered, the temperature is slowly raised, molecular adsorption water, pore water, seepage bound water and the like which are purely mechanically bound are mainly removed below 450 ℃, and chemical crystal water is mainly removed to present a solid phase reaction at 450-880 ℃. At the temperature of 880 ℃, the solid phase reaction continues, solid bonding among particles is formed by transposition of component particles and rearrangement in crystal lattices of adjacent solid particles, namely sintering, the particles are melted to form a liquid phase, and the existence of the liquid phase strengthens sintering. Along with the increase of the temperature, more and more liquid phase amount grows in the brick blank, a layer of liquid is wrapped outside the solid particles, the solid particles do not crystallize after being melted and cooled at high temperature and form glass, and the crystallized solid particles are firmly bonded together by a stripping phase, so that the strength of the product is obviously enhanced; and further along with the rise of the temperature, the molten liquid phase flows into gaps of the particles, the gaps are filled with molten matters, the porosity is reduced, the particles are close to each other due to the action of the solution in the capillary tube rather than the slow tension, the blank body shrinks in volume, and finally the hollow brick with high compactness is obtained.
The tailing powder used by the invention comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：48～58％、Al2O3：3～7％、MnO2：2～5.5％、Fe2O3: 1-4%, MgO < 13%, CaO < 12%, and the balance of other substances, such as Na2O、K2O、TO2And the like.
The water content of the used river sludge is 20-25%, the sand content of the sludge is 5-10%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%; the portland cement is portland cement with a strength grade of 52.5 or 52.5R.
In the invention, the preferable particle size composition of the tailing powder, the mullite powder and the illite powder is as follows: the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 13% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 25% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 32% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm. The mullite powder consists of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 12 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 42 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm. The illite powder consists of the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 24% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 45% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm.
The hollow brick with higher strength and higher density can be formed by the raw materials after the grain composition.
When the mixture is aged, the aging time is set to be 64-75 h. During the re-accumulation of the mixture in the aging process, the water in the mixture can be uniformly distributed under the action of capillary and vapor pressure, so that the full hydration and ion exchange of particles are accelerated, the content of humic acid substances is increased, the mixture is subjected to oxidation and reduction projection, microorganisms are propagated, the mixture is uniform and soft, and the plasticity, the cohesiveness and the formability are effectively improved. According to the invention, the mixture is aged for 64-75 h, so that the aging effect is good, the prepared hollow brick blank has high compactness, and the blank surface is smooth and flat.
The extrusion pressure of the two-stage vacuum extruder is 2.3-2.7 MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.08-0.09 MPa. When preparing high-quality hollow bricks, not only the technical key of mixing needs to be mastered, but also the technical key of the operation of an extruder needs to be held well.
The hole rate of the hollow brick finally prepared by the invention is more than or equal to 35 percent. Generally, more than or equal to 7 rows of holes are arranged along the length direction of the brick surface, and more than or equal to 2 rows of holes are arranged along the width direction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the tailings are used as main ridge materials to prepare the sintered hollow brick, an effective way is provided for the utilization of the tailings, resources are provided for the preparation of the sintered hollow brick, and meanwhile, river sludge is used as a main binding material, so that the waste is changed into valuable, the production cost can be effectively reduced, the development of the hollow brick is promoted, and the economic benefit is improved.
The invention optimizes the particle size of the tailing powder, the mullite powder and the illite powder, has fine material, can increase plasticity, increases binding force and avoids cracks caused by uneven surface of a blank body; the materials can be uniformly distributed, the large and small particles of the materials are matched to form a green brick with high density, the roasting speed can be accelerated, and the roasting temperature can be reduced. The aged mixture is mixed again, so that the uniform mixing of the ridge material and the binding material is strengthened, the plasticity of the mixture is good, the appearance of the extruded brick is fine and smooth, no burr is generated, and the structure of the hollow brick is compact and uniform.
During drying, the formed hollow brick blank is naturally dried for a certain time in a room-temperature windless environment, and then is dried at low temperature, so that the blank is effectively prevented from cracking when entering a drying chamber. And when the drying, temperature, humidity and air velocity in the drying chamber of each stage of reasonable setting can realize rapid draing, can effectively prevent the production of dry crack, have guaranteed drying quality. During firing, two-stage heating is adopted, the heating speed is controlled to be 0.7-1.2 ℃/min during the first-stage heating, so that combustion gas generated by combustion of chemically bound water and combustible materials in the brick is slowly exhausted, the surface of the product is prevented from being loosened and cracked, the strength is maintained, the heating speed is controlled to be 0.3-0.6 ℃/min during the second-stage heating, and black cores are effectively prevented from being formed in the brick blank.
The tailing powder, the mullite powder, the illite powder, the rice hull ash, the Portland cement and the river silt are reasonably matched, and the prepared sintered hollow brick has high strength, low water absorption, low heat conductivity coefficient, attractive appearance and good sound insulation effect through an optimized production process, and the production process is easy to operate and can be used for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a process for producing high-strength sintered hollow bricks by using tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding 40 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, feeding the crushed sludge, 48 parts of tailing powder, 19 parts of mullite powder, 10 parts of illite powder, 5 parts of rice hull ash and 8 parts of portland cement (the strength grade is 52.5R) into the double-shaft stirrer, adding water and stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 18%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for 72 hours through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, extruding the mixture by the double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, and enabling the mixture to enter a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding, wherein the extrusion pressure is 2.5MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.08 MPa;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 13% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 25% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 32% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 12 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 42 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder consists of the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 24% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 45% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 12 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 42 ℃ and the relative humidity of air of 88 percent for 4 hours, wherein the flow rate of the air is 2.8 m/s; then adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 78 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 50 percent, adjusting the flow rate of the air to 2.5m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 4.5 percent to prepare a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 880 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min from room temperature, and preserving heat for 40 min; then raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2.5 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
The tailing powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：55％、Al2O3：6％、MnO2：4.5％、Fe2O3: 2.8%, MgO: 12.5%, CaO: 10.3 percent, and the balance being other substances. The water content of the river channel sludge is 24%, the sand content of the sludge is 8%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%.
Example 2:
a process for producing high-strength sintered hollow bricks by using tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding 40 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, feeding the crushed sludge, 40 parts of tailing powder, 25 parts of mullite powder, 10 parts of illite powder, 5 parts of rice hull ash and 7 parts of portland cement (the strength grade is 52.5) into the double-shaft stirrer, and adding water for stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 20%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for 70 hours through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, extruding the mixture by the double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, and enabling the mixture to enter a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding, wherein the extrusion pressure is 2.7MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.085 MPa;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 16% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 28% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 25% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 13 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 25 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 30 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder consists of the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 25% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 45% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 12 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 40 ℃ and the relative humidity of air of 85% for 3 hours, wherein the flow rate of the air is 3 m/s; then adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 80 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 55 percent, adjusting the flow rate of the air to 2.2m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 5 percent to prepare a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 870 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 0.7 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 40 min; then raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.4 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2.5 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
The tailing powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：58％、Al2O3：3％、MnO2：5％、Fe2O3: 4%, MgO: 13%, CaO: 6 percent, and the balance being other substances. The water content of the river channel sludge is 25%, the sand content of the sludge is 5%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%.
Example 3:
a process for producing high-strength sintered hollow bricks by using tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding 45 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, feeding the crushed sludge, 50 parts of tailing powder, 15 parts of mullite powder, 8 parts of illite powder, 6 parts of rice hull ash and 6 parts of portland cement (the strength grade is 52.5R) into the double-shaft stirrer, and adding water for stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 17%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for 64h through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, extruding the mixture by the double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, and enabling the mixture to enter a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding, wherein the extrusion pressure is 2.3MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.08 MPa;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 12% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 35% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 10% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 18% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 50% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder consists of the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 20% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 55% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 10 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the relative humidity of air of 80 percent for 4 hours, wherein the flow rate of the air is 2.5 m/s; then adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 75 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 50 percent, adjusting the flow rate of the air to 2.8m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 4.5 percent to prepare a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 890 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 1.2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30 min; then heating to 980 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
The tailing powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：48％、Al2O3：5.6％、MnO2：2％、Fe2O3: 1%, MgO: 3.5%, CaO: 7.8 percent, and the balance being other substances. The water content of the river sludge is 20%, the sand content of the sludge is 8%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%.
Example 4:
a process for producing high-strength sintered hollow bricks by using tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) sending 38 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, sending the crushed sludge, 40 parts of tailing powder, 25 parts of mullite powder, 13 parts of illite powder, 3 parts of rice hull ash and 9 parts of portland cement (the strength grade is 52.5) into the double-shaft stirrer, adding water and stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 18%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for 75 hours through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, extruding the mixture by the double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, and enabling the mixture to enter a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding, wherein the extrusion pressure is 2.5MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.09 MPa;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 15% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 30% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 30% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 15% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 40% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder consists of the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 30% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 35% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 11 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 42 ℃ and the relative humidity of air of 90% for 3-4 h, wherein the flow rate of the air is 2.8 m/s; then adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 70 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 45%, adjusting the flow rate of air to 2.5m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 4% to obtain a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 880 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min from room temperature, and preserving heat for 35 min; then heating to 1010 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
The tailing powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：51％、Al2O3：7％、MnO2：5.5％、Fe2O3: 3%, MgO: 5.9%, CaO: 12% and the balance other substances. The water content of the river sludge is 22%, the sand content of the sludge is 10%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%.
Example 5:
a process for producing high-strength sintered hollow bricks by using tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding 42 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, feeding the crushed sludge, 42 parts of tailing powder, 22 parts of mullite powder, 10 parts of illite powder, 6 parts of rice hull ash and 9 parts of portland cement (the strength grade is 52.5R) into the double-shaft stirrer, and adding water for stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 20%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for 75 hours through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, extruding the mixture by the double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, and enabling the mixture to enter a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding, wherein the extrusion pressure is 2.7MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.08 MPa;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 14% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 25% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 30% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 13 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 18 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 45 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder consists of the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 25% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 45% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 12 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 40 ℃ and the relative humidity of air of 85% for 4 hours, wherein the flow rate of the air is 3 m/s; then adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 75 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 50 percent, adjusting the flow rate of the air to 2.5m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 5 percent to prepare a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 880 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.9 ℃/min from room temperature, and preserving heat for 35 min; then raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
The tailing powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：52.5％、Al2O3：7％、MnO2：5％、Fe2O3: 3%, MgO: 3.6%, CaO: 5.2 percent, and the balance being other substances. The water content of the river sludge is 23%, the sand content of the sludge is 8%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%.
Example 6:
a process for producing high-strength sintered hollow bricks by using tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding 43 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, feeding the crushed sludge, 48 parts of tailing powder, 23 parts of mullite powder, 10 parts of illite powder, 5 parts of rice hull ash and 7 parts of portland cement (the strength grade is 52.5) into the double-shaft stirrer, and adding water for stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 17.5%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for 68 hours through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, extruding the mixture by the double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, and enabling the mixture to enter a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding, wherein the extrusion pressure is 2.5MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.08 MPa;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 15% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 25% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 30% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 15% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 45% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder consists of the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 25% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 45% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 10 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 43 ℃ and the relative humidity of air of 80-90% for 4 hours, wherein the flow speed of the air is 3 m/s; then adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 78 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 50 percent, adjusting the flow rate of the air to 2.5m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 4.5 percent to prepare a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 885 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 40 min; then heating to 990 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2.5 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
The tailing powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：52％、Al2O3：4.6％、MnO2：3.5％、Fe2O3: 4%, MgO: 5.3%, CaO: 3.6 percent, and the balance being other substances. The water content of the river sludge is 23%, the sand content of the sludge is 8%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%.
And (3) performance testing:
hollow bricks having external dimensions of 240mm × 140mm × 90mm (length × width × height) were produced using the production processes in examples 1 to 6, and water absorption, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were measured, and the specific test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
Figure BDA0002331322730000141
as can be seen from Table 1, the hollow brick prepared by the invention has low water absorption, high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity coefficient and excellent comprehensive performance, and is suitable for popularization and application.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A process for producing a high-strength sintered hollow brick by using tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sending 38-45 parts of river sludge into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring, crushing by using a double-roller crusher, sending the crushed sludge, 40-50 parts of tailing powder, 15-25 parts of mullite powder, 8-13 parts of illite powder, 3-6 parts of rice hull ash and 6-9 parts of portland cement into the double-shaft stirrer together, adding water and stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be 17-20%; then sending the mixture into an aging pool of an aging warehouse for aging for a certain time through a feeding belt conveyor and a reversible belt distributing machine, then entering a box-type feeder through a multi-bucket soil sampler and a discharging belt conveyor, then sending the mixture into a double-shaft stirrer for stirring and kneading, and then extruding the mixture by a double-shaft stirrer to a belt conveyor, so that the mixture enters a two-stage vacuum extruder for molding;
the tailing powder consists of the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 12-16% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20-30% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 25-35% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the mullite powder consists of the following mullite powder in percentage by weight: 10-15% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 18-25% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 30-50% of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm;
the illite powder comprises the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 20-30% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 35-55% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm;
(2) naturally drying the formed hollow brick blank for 10-12 hours in a room-temperature windless environment; then drying the mixture in a drying chamber with the temperature of 40-45 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 80-90% for 3-4 h, wherein the flow speed of air is 2.5-3 m/s; adjusting the temperature in the drying chamber to 70-80 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity of air to 45-55%, adjusting the flow rate of air to 2.2-2.8 m/s, and drying the green brick until the water content is 4-5% to obtain a dry blank of the hollow brick;
(3) putting the hollow brick dry blank into a furnace for firing, heating to 870-890 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 0.7-1.2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30-40 min; then heating to 980-1010 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.3-0.6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-2.5 h;
(4) and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after firing.
2. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick by using the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tailings powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: SiO 22：48～58％、Al2O3：3～7％、MnO2：2～5.5％、Fe2O3: 1-4%, MgO less than or equal to 13%, CaO less than or equal to 12%, and the balance of other substances.
3. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick by using the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the river sludge is 20-25%, the sand content of the sludge is 5-10%, and the drying shrinkage is less than 3.5%.
4. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick from the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the portland cement is portland cement with a strength grade of 52.5 or 52.5R.
5. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick by using the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tailings powder comprises the following tailings powders in percentage by weight: 13% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 25% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 32% of tailing powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm and the balance of tailing powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm.
6. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick by using the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mullite powder is composed of the following mullite powders in percentage by weight: 12 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.1-0.2 mm, 20 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.05-0.1 mm, 42 percent of mullite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, and the balance of mullite powder with the granularity of less than 0.02 mm.
7. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick from the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illite powder comprises the following illite powders in percentage by weight: 24% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.02-0.05 mm, 45% of illite powder with the granularity of 0.01-0.02 mm, and the balance of illite powder with the granularity of less than 0.01 mm.
8. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick by using the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aging time is 64-75 hours.
9. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick by using the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extrusion pressure of the two-stage vacuum extruder is 2.3-2.7 MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.08-0.09 MPa.
10. The process for producing the high-strength sintered hollow brick by using the tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the void ratio of the hollow brick is not less than 35%.
CN201911337333.2A 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Process for producing high-strength sintered hollow brick by using tailings Withdrawn CN111072370A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112459342A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-09 平泉天罡建材制造有限公司 Brick and tile and preparation process thereof
CN112979277A (en) * 2021-03-03 2021-06-18 东北大学 Preparation method of porous functional material for self-crystallization construction of adsorption sites

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112459342A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-09 平泉天罡建材制造有限公司 Brick and tile and preparation process thereof
CN112459342B (en) * 2020-11-25 2023-08-15 平泉天罡建材制造有限公司 Brick and tile and preparation process thereof
CN112979277A (en) * 2021-03-03 2021-06-18 东北大学 Preparation method of porous functional material for self-crystallization construction of adsorption sites

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Application publication date: 20200428