CN111068713A - Multi-metal one-dimensional nano material, preparation method and catalyst - Google Patents

Multi-metal one-dimensional nano material, preparation method and catalyst Download PDF

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CN111068713A
CN111068713A CN201911220109.5A CN201911220109A CN111068713A CN 111068713 A CN111068713 A CN 111068713A CN 201911220109 A CN201911220109 A CN 201911220109A CN 111068713 A CN111068713 A CN 111068713A
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acetylacetonate
metal
acetylacetone
platinum
dimensional
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谢水奋
王伟
陈孝为
甑超
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Huaqiao University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8993—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J35/33—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/23—Oxidation

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-metal one-dimensional nano material, a preparation method and a catalyst, which comprises the following steps: adding soluble metal salt and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into oleylamine, stirring for 5-30 minutes at room temperature, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-30 minutes; adding molybdenum hexacarbonyl, reacting for 6-12 hours at 180 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging to obtain the multi-metal one-dimensional nano material; wherein the soluble metal salt comprises platinum acetylacetonate, and at least two of rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate and nickel acetylacetonate.

Description

Multi-metal one-dimensional nano material, preparation method and catalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalytic material preparation, and particularly relates to a multi-metal one-dimensional nano material, a preparation method and a catalyst.
Background
The first report of carbon nanotubes in 1991 by the Iijima group prompted breakthrough of traditional knowledge of material structure on the nanoscale and opened extensive research on structures with similar one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. One-dimensional nanomaterials represented by platinum group metals are widely applied to the research fields of new energy conversion and utilization and the like due to excellent physicochemical properties of the one-dimensional nanomaterials. The direct alcohol fuel cell is regarded as a clean, efficient, green, safe and environment-friendly energy conversion device, and is a research direction with great prospect for solving the problems of energy crisis, environmental pollution and the like. However, slow reaction kinetics and high catalyst cost are considered to be key issues limiting their commercialization, and it is therefore of paramount importance to develop efficient, stable and economical cathode/anode electrocatalysts. The one-dimensional platinum-based metal nano material has potential advantages due to the characteristics of high conductivity, high specific surface area, high surface atom exposure ratio and the like. The preparation of the one-dimensional platinum-based nanostructure is mainly divided into a physical method and a chemical method at present, wherein the preparation of the one-dimensional nanostructure based on the chemical method is considered to be the strategy with the most value in mass production and industrial application. For example, Wang, Xin professor topic group (j.am. chem. soc.2013,135,9480-9485) reported that one-dimensional Pt nanowires have considerable methanol electrooxidation activity. The one-dimensional PtNi ultrafine nanowire prepared by the section peak teaching topic group (Science,2016,354,1414) has high oxygen reduction reaction activity. However, compared with single/double metal 1D nano materials, the preparation of multi-component one-dimensional nano structures (nanowires and nanotubes) has more research value. The catalyst not only can effectively reduce the usage amount of platinum group metals, but also has super catalytic performance due to the synergistic effect and electronic effect among the components. For example, the subject group of the teaching of Shu macro (J.Am. chem. Soc.2017,139,5890-5895) reports that PdPtRuTe four-metal nanotubes prepared by using Te nanowires as hard templates have excellent catalytic activity and stability in the aspect of methanol electrooxidation. However, the preparation strategy based on the seed crystal method has the disadvantage of complicated operation process, and the controllability of the process of the nucleation and growth of the nanocrystals is brought by the difference of the reduction potentials of different metal cations. Therefore, a simple and efficient green chemical method for preparing the one-dimensional platinum-based multi-metal nano material in one step is developed, which not only has important value on the basic research of the one-dimensional multi-metal nano material, but also can effectively promote the commercial application of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a multi-metal one-dimensional nano material, a preparation method and a catalyst, and solves the problems in the background technology.
One of the technical schemes adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation process of one-dimensional nanometer material with several metals includes the following steps: adding soluble metal salt and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into oleylamine, stirring for 5-30 minutes at room temperature, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-30 minutes; adding molybdenum hexacarbonyl, reacting for 6-12 hours at 180 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging to obtain the multi-metal one-dimensional nano material; wherein the soluble metal salt comprises platinum acetylacetonate, and at least two of rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate and nickel acetylacetonate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dosage ratio of the soluble metal salt, the hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, the oleylamine and the molybdenum hexacarbonyl is 30-60 mg: 30-60 mg: 5-10 mL: 10-50 mg.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of platinum acetylacetonate, rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, and nickel acetylacetonate is 20-30: 0-10: 0-10: 0-10.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of platinum acetylacetonate, rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, and nickel acetylacetonate is 20-30: 0-10: 5-10: 0-10.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soluble metal salt includes platinum acetylacetonate, rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate and nickel acetylacetonate, and the mass ratio of the four is 20-30: 1-10: 5-10: 5-10.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soluble metal salt is platinum acetylacetonate, rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate and nickel acetylacetonate, and the mass ratio of the four is 30: 2-6: 7-10: 7-10.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the nano material is a multi-element alloy nano wire, the length of the nano wire is 18-30nm, the width of the nano wire is 1.4-1.8nm, and the metal of the nano material comprises at least three of platinum, rhodium, cobalt and nickel and has a face-centered cubic structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-metal one-dimensional nano material is a nano wire of a quaternary alloy of platinum, rhodium, cobalt and nickel.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: provides a catalyst for methanol electrooxidation reaction, which is prepared by loading the multi-metal one-dimensional nano material on active carbon.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the loading amount is 20%.
Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
1. the invention controls the nucleation and growth rates of different metals by regulating and controlling reaction kinetics, and synthesizes the one-dimensional multi-metal superfine nanowire with controllable components and uniform appearance by a one-step method;
2. the preparation method and the experimental operation are simple and efficient, green and pollution-free, and high in yield;
3. the one-dimensional multi-element metal superfine nanowire obtained by the method has excellent catalytic activity and stability for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation, wherein the catalytic activity of the ternary alloy superfine one-dimensional nanowire such as a platinum-cobalt-nickel ternary nanowire is obviously superior to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst, and the catalytic activity of the platinum-rhodium-cobalt-nickel quaternary alloy superfine one-dimensional nanowire is superior to that of the ternary alloy superfine one-dimensional nanowire.
Drawings
FIG. 1, a is a high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) image of the one-dimensional platinum-rhodium-cobalt-nickel quaternary alloy superfine nanowire prepared in example 1, and b is a TEM image, wherein the scale is 50 nm;
FIG. 2 is a HAADF-STEM and energy spectrum analysis scanning image of the one-dimensional platinum-rhodium-cobalt-nickel quaternary alloy ultrafine nanowire prepared in example 1, which respectively shows a Pt element distribution diagram, an Rh element distribution diagram, a Co element distribution diagram and a Ni element distribution diagram, wherein the ruler is 20 nm;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of the one-dimensional platinum-rhodium-cobalt-nickel quaternary alloy ultrafine nanowires prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of one-dimensional Pt-Co-Ni ternary alloy ultrafine nanowires prepared in example 4, wherein the scale is 50 nm;
FIG. 5 is an XRD pattern of the one-dimensional platinum-cobalt-nickel ternary alloy ultrafine nanowire prepared in example 4;
FIG. 6 is a mass activity performance comparison graph of the catalyst prepared by the nanowires of example 1 and example 4 and the commercial Pt/C catalyst for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment prepares a one-dimensional platinum-rhodium-cobalt-nickel quaternary alloy superfine nanowire, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) adding 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 6mg of rhodium acetylacetonate, 7mg of cobalt acetylacetonate, 7mg of nickel acetylacetonate, 60mg of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 5mL of oleylamine in a 25-mL reaction bottle in sequence, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
2) adding 30mg of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, carrying out oil bath at 180 ℃ for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing with a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging for several times for later use.
The morphology, components, microstructure and the like of the product are systematically researched by modern nanometer test analysis technologies such as HAADF-STEM, TEM, XRD and the like. HAADF-STEM and TEM (figures 1a and b) characterize that the product is a one-dimensional superfine nanowire structure with the purity of 100%, the length of the nanowire is 18-30nm, and the width of the nanowire is 1.4-1.8 nm; HAADF-STEM, energy spectrum analysis surface scanning image (figure 2) characterizes the material as a quaternary metal one-dimensional superfine nanowire structure, and further confirms the multi-component characteristics of the material. Meanwhile, XRD (figure 3) shows that the material is of a face-centered cubic structure, and only one diffraction peak which is stronger in the middle is arranged at the position of a 111 diffraction peak, so that the characteristics of the alloy structure of the material are proved.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
1) adding 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 4mg of rhodium acetylacetonate, 7mg of cobalt acetylacetonate, 7mg of nickel acetylacetonate, 60mg of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 5mL of oleylamine in a 25-mL reaction bottle in sequence, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
2) adding 30mg of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, carrying out oil bath at 180 ℃ for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing with a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging for several times for later use.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
1) adding 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 2.4mg of rhodium acetylacetonate, 7mg of cobalt acetylacetonate, 7mg of nickel acetylacetonate, 60mg of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 5mL of oleylamine in a 25 mL reaction bottle in sequence, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
2) adding 30mg of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, carrying out oil bath at 180 ℃ for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing with a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging for several times for later use.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 prepares a one-dimensional platinum-cobalt-nickel ternary alloy superfine nanowire, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) adding 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 7mg of cobalt acetylacetonate, 7mg of nickel acetylacetonate, 60mg of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 5mL of oleylamine in a 25 mL reaction bottle in sequence, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
2) adding 30mg of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, carrying out oil bath at 180 ℃ for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing with a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging for several times for later use.
The product is systematically researched on the morphology, components, microstructure and the like by modern nanometer test analysis technologies such as TEM, XRD and the like. TEM (figure 4) represents that the product is a one-dimensional superfine nanowire structure with the purity of 100%, the length of the nanowire is 18-30nm, and the width of the nanowire is about 1.4-1.8 nm. Meanwhile, XRD (figure 5) shows that the material is of a face-centered cubic structure, and only one diffraction peak which is stronger in the middle is arranged at the position of a 111 diffraction peak, so that the characteristics of the alloy structure of the material are proved.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 4 in that:
1) adding 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 4mg of rhodium acetylacetonate, 7mg of cobalt acetylacetonate, 60mg of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 5mL of oleylamine in a 25 mL reaction bottle in sequence, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
2) adding 30mg of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, carrying out oil bath at 180 ℃ for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing with a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging for several times for later use.
Example 6
Example 6 differs from example 4 in that:
1) adding 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 4mg of rhodium acetylacetonate, 7mg of nickel acetylacetonate, 60mg of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 5mL of oleylamine in a 25 mL reaction bottle in sequence, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
2) adding 30mg of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, carrying out oil bath at 180 ℃ for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing with a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging for several times for later use.
First, testing the catalytic performance in the electrooxidation reaction of methanol
The nanowires prepared in example 1 and example 4 were first uniformly loaded on activated carbon to prepare carbon-supported catalysts, and then compared with commercial platinum-carbon catalysts (20 wt% platinum loading, purchased from Johnson Matthey corporation).
The specific method comprises the following steps:
cyclic voltammetry was performed in a three-electrode cell at room temperature. The electrolyte used in the experiment is prepared from ultrapure water, the reference electrode is a Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE), and the counter electrode is a platinum mesh electrode. The oxygen in the electrolyte was removed by bubbling nitrogen through the electrolyte solution for more than 20min before each experiment.
The test conditions were: the working electrode with the uniformly spread nano-catalyst is placed in 0.1 of freshly prepared oxygenMHClO4And performing electrochemical cleaning in an aqueous solution (scanning at a scanning speed of 50mV/s in a range of-0.25-0.95V until a stable CV diagram is obtained), and further removing organic adsorbates attached to the surface of the nanocrystal so as not to influence the catalytic performance. For the electrocatalytic oxidation test of methanol, the electrolyte is prepared by 0.5M of deoxygenated methanol and 0.1M of perchloric acid, and the scanning interval is-0.25-0.95V (scanning speed: 50 mV/s). In the electrocatalytic test results, the methanol oxidation current thereof was mass-normalized.
As shown in fig. 6, the application of the multi-metal one-dimensional ultrafine nanowires synthesized by the method in the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol shows that the method not only has high catalytic activity, but also has significantly improved stability compared with the commercial platinum-carbon catalyst; furthermore, compared with a trimetal nano catalyst, the quaternary metal nano catalyst prepared by the scheme has high catalytic activity and improved stability. Therefore, the green chemical method of the one-dimensional platinum-based multi-metal superfine nanowire with simplicity, high efficiency and excellent performance, which is developed by the inventor, not only has important value on the basic research of the one-dimensional multi-metal nanostructure, but also can powerfully promote the commercialization process of the fuel cell.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a multi-metal one-dimensional nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding soluble metal salt and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into oleylamine, stirring for 5-30 minutes at room temperature, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-30 minutes; adding molybdenum hexacarbonyl, reacting for 6-12 hours at 180 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with ethanol and n-hexane, and centrifuging to obtain the multi-metal one-dimensional nano material; wherein the soluble metal salt comprises platinum acetylacetonate, and at least two of rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate and nickel acetylacetonate.
2. The method for preparing multi-metal one-dimensional nano material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dosage ratio of the soluble metal salt, the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the oleylamine and the molybdenum hexacarbonyl is 30-60 mg: 30-60 mg: 5-10 mL: 10-50 mg.
3. The method for preparing multi-metal one-dimensional nano material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the acetylacetone platinum to the acetylacetone rhodium to the acetylacetone cobalt to the acetylacetone nickel is 20-30: 0-10: 0-10: 0-10.
4. The method for preparing multi-metal one-dimensional nano material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the acetylacetone platinum to the acetylacetone rhodium to the acetylacetone cobalt to the acetylacetone nickel is 20-30: 0-10: 5-10: 0-10.
5. The method for preparing multi-metal one-dimensional nano material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the soluble metal salt comprises platinum acetylacetonate, rhodium acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate and nickel acetylacetonate, and the mass ratio of the four is 20-30: 1-10: 5-10: 5-10.
6. The method for preparing multi-metal one-dimensional nano material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the soluble metal salt is acetylacetone platinum, acetylacetone rhodium, acetylacetone cobalt and acetylacetone nickel, and the mass ratio of the four is 30: 2-6: 7-10: 7-10.
7. A multi-metallic one-dimensional nanomaterial prepared by the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the nano wire is a multi-component alloy nano wire, the length of the nano wire is 18-30nm, the width of the nano wire is 1.4-1.8nm, the metal of the nano wire comprises at least three of platinum, rhodium, cobalt and nickel, and the nano wire has a face-centered cubic structure.
8. The multi-metal one-dimensional nanomaterial of claim 7, wherein: is a nano-wire of a quaternary alloy of platinum, rhodium, cobalt and nickel.
9. A catalyst for use in the electro-oxidation of methanol, characterized by: the composite material is prepared by adopting the multi-metal one-dimensional nano material as recited in claim 7 to load on activated carbon.
10. A catalyst for use in the electro-oxidation of methanol according to claim 9, wherein: the loading was 20%.
CN201911220109.5A 2019-12-03 2019-12-03 Multi-metal one-dimensional nano material, preparation method and catalyst Pending CN111068713A (en)

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CN112054219A (en) * 2020-09-16 2020-12-08 湖南大学 Cathode catalyst active material for hydrogen fuel cell, preparation method and catalyst
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WO2022227367A1 (en) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Preparation method and application of monolithic cobalt-doped nickel-molybdenum nanowire catalyst
CN113369492A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-09-10 合肥工业大学 Quintuple twin crystal platinum nanorod and preparation method thereof
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