CN111063035B - Three-dimensional visualization method and device for OD relationship in GIS - Google Patents
Three-dimensional visualization method and device for OD relationship in GIS Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional visualization method and a device for OD relationship in a GIS (geographic information System), which are characterized in that the method and the device are used for generating a corresponding three-dimensional curve which can be identified by the GIS according to input data of a user and performing three-dimensional visualization display, and comprise the following steps: step S1, obtaining OD relation statistical data for reflecting the relation between two position and place; step S2, obtaining curve construction information input by a user; step S3, generating a curve type; step S4, calculating the curve heights of a plurality of curves; step S5, sampling each curve in turn to calculate the coordinates of the sampling points of the plurality of sampling points corresponding to each curve; step S6, converting the statistical data into corresponding statistical files containing all curves in a GIS system according to each curve, the corresponding sampling point coordinate and the OD relation; and step S7, visually displaying the statistical file through a three-dimensional visualization application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of data visualization, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional visualization method and device for an OD relationship in a GIS.
Background
OD generally refers to the start and stop points of traffic in traffic, O refers to the start point (ORIGIN), and D refers to the end point (DESTINATION). The OD traffic volume is a term and index commonly used in the traffic field, reflecting the traffic volume between two points, and the patent generalizes the content of OD into the relationship between two points, which may be the traffic volume, the reachability degree, the telephone contact volume, the similarity degree, the enterprise contact degree, etc.
OD expression and visualization are very common methods in the industry, wherein OD expression is generally achieved by means of professional software and internet tools. Taking urban and rural planning as an example, practitioners in the industry are familiar with GIS software, and can use tools in GIS to express and visualize line elements (as shown in fig. 1, every two coordinate points are connected by a straight line and are covered on a map image). Meanwhile, part of the practitioners can search for relevant tools in the internet to form a vivid expression (as shown in fig. 2, every two coordinate points are connected through a curve and are overlaid on the map image). A small proportion of practitioners with a programming basis may consider Python or R for expression.
Through the introduction of the above-mentioned various OD relation expressions and visualizations, it can be found that the display results of these methods are all expressed on a 2D plane, and this expression manner inherently has the advantages of simple operation and direct results, but also has the following disadvantages:
(1) the visual effect is general. Since the existing software and tools which are developed by the practitioners are used at present, the obtained effect is always the same and may attract attention in the early stage, but as more people master the tools and more similar tools, the display of the OD map is difficult to be researched by people, and the appearance of the OD map is bright in the front.
(2) The presentation information is limited. Because the OD expression tools in the current mainstream are all on the 2D plane, the expressed information cannot be too much, and if the information is too much, the OD lines are complicated, and the expression effect is disturbed (i.e. the situation shown in fig. 1, and the excessive connecting lines make it difficult to effectively and intuitively express the OD lines).
In order to avoid these defects, means such as deleting information, gradient expression, color differentiation, and simulating a parabola by a curve are generally adopted, but some methods also cause information loss to some extent. Human perception is three-dimensional, but at present, a convenient and easy-to-use tool for three-dimensional expression of OD relationship does not appear.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a three-dimensional visualization method and a device which can automatically, simply and conveniently carry out three-dimensional expression according to OD relation statistical data, and the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a three-dimensional visualization method of OD relation in a GIS, which is characterized in that the method is used for generating a corresponding three-dimensional curve which can be identified by a GIS system according to input data of a user and performing three-dimensional visualization display, and comprises the following steps: step S1, obtaining OD relation statistical data for reflecting the relation between two position locations, wherein the OD relation statistical data comprises the initial coordinates and the target coordinates of the corresponding position locations respectively; step S2, obtaining curve construction information input by a user, wherein the curve construction information comprises curve type information, an exaggerated adjustment coefficient and the number of sampling points; step S3, generating a corresponding curve type according to the curve type information; step S4, calculating the curve heights of the curves according to the OD relation statistical data and the exaggeration adjustment coefficient; step S5, sampling each curve in sequence according to the number of sampling points, the height of the curve, the type of the curve and the OD relation statistical data so as to calculate the coordinates of the sampling points of a plurality of sampling points corresponding to each curve; step S6, according to each curve, the corresponding sampling point coordinate and OD relation statistical dataConverting the data into a corresponding statistical file containing all curves in a GIS system; step S7, visually displaying the statistical file through a three-dimensional visualization application, wherein the distance between the starting coordinate and the target coordinate is the OD distance corresponding to each curve, and the step S4 comprises the following substeps: step S4-1, sequentially calculating the curve height of each curve according to the OD relation statistical data; step S4-2, height adjustment is carried out on all the curve heights according to the exaggeration adjustment coefficient; step S4-3, normalizing the curve heights according to all the curve heights and the OD distances so that the maximum value of the curve heights coincides with the maximum value of the OD distances, that is:
in the formula, hn"is the height of the nth curve after normalization, hnThe curve height of the nth curve, max (h) is the highest value of the curve height, and max (d) is the maximum value of the OD distance.
The three-dimensional visualization method for the OD relationship in the GIS provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that when the height of the curve is calculated in the step S4-1, the OD distance corresponding to each curve is obtained according to the initial coordinate and the target coordinate, and the OD distance is taken as the height of the curve.
The three-dimensional visualization method for the OD relationship in the GIS provided by the present invention may further have the technical feature that the OD relationship statistical data further includes a relationship attribute value for representing the relationship between the two location points, and when the curve height is calculated in step S4-1, the relationship attribute value is taken as the curve height.
The three-dimensional visualization method for the OD relationship in the GIS provided by the present invention may further have the technical feature that the OD relationship statistical data further includes a relationship attribute value for representing the relationship between two location points, and when the height of the curve is calculated in step S4-1, the OD distance corresponding to each curve is obtained according to the start coordinate and the destination coordinate, and the OD distance is used as the weight of the relationship attribute value and calculated to obtain the height of the curve.
The three-dimensional visualization method for the OD relationship in the GIS can also be used forThe method has a technical feature that, when the coordinates of the sampling points are calculated in step S5, the coordinates are calculated from the start coordinates (x) corresponding to the curveo,yo0) and destination coordinate (x)d,yd0), the ith sample point coordinate (x) of the curvei,yi,zi) The following were used:
wherein h (l) is the height of the vertex of the current curve, max (h) is the maximum height of all curves, max (d) is the maximum value of the OD distance, F (x) is a function expression corresponding to the curve type, n is the number of sampling points, and alpha is an exaggerated adjustment coefficient.
The three-dimensional visualization method for the OD relationship in the GIS provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that the curve type is a second-order Bezier curve, and the corresponding curve expression is as follows:
where d is the OD distance and h is the curve height.
The three-dimensional visualization method for the OD relationship in the GIS provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that the curve type is a hyperbola, and the corresponding curve expression is as follows:
in the formula, d is OD distance, h is curve height, and b is coefficient of the curve.
The three-dimensional visualization method for the OD relationship in the GIS provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that the curve type is an elliptic curve, and the corresponding curve expression is as follows:
wherein d is the OD distance and h isThe height of the curve.
The invention also provides a three-dimensional visualization device of the OD relation in the GIS, which is characterized in that the device is used for generating a corresponding three-dimensional curve which can be identified by the GIS system according to the input data of a user and performing three-dimensional visualization display, and comprises the following components: a statistical data acquisition unit configured to acquire OD relationship statistical data that reflects a relationship between two position points, the OD relationship statistical data including start coordinates and destination coordinates of the corresponding position points, respectively; the system comprises a construction information acquisition part, a data acquisition part and a data processing part, wherein the construction information acquisition part is used for acquiring curve construction information input by a user, and the curve construction information comprises curve type information, an exaggerated adjustment coefficient and the number of sampling points; a curve type generating part for generating a corresponding curve type according to the curve type information; a curve height calculating part for calculating the curve heights of the plurality of curves according to the OD relation statistical data and the exaggeration adjustment coefficient; the sampling point coordinate calculation part is used for sequentially sampling each curve according to the number of sampling points, the height of the curve, the type of the curve and OD relation statistical data so as to calculate the sampling point coordinates of a plurality of sampling points corresponding to each curve; a statistical file generating part for generating a corresponding statistical file containing all curves in the GIS system according to each curve, the corresponding sampling point coordinate and the OD relation statistical data; and a statistical file display part for visually displaying the statistical file through three-dimensional visualization application, wherein the distance between the starting coordinate and the target coordinate is the OD distance corresponding to each curve, and the curve height calculation part comprises the following units: the height calculating unit is used for sequentially calculating the curve height of each curve according to the OD relation statistical data; the exaggeration adjusting unit is used for adjusting the heights of all the curves according to the exaggeration adjusting coefficient; a normalization processing unit for normalizing the curve heights according to all the curve heights and the OD distances so that the maximum value of the curve heights is consistent with the maximum value of the OD distances, namely:
in the formula, hn"is the height of the nth curve after normalization, hnCurve of the nth curveHeight, max (h), is the highest value of the curve height, and max (d) is the maximum value of the OD distance.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the three-dimensional visualization method and device for the OD relationship in the GIS, after the OD relationship statistical data and the curve construction information are obtained, the corresponding curves are calculated according to the selected curve type, the exaggeration coefficient, the height obtained by corresponding calculation, the relationship attribute and other parameters, and the curves are sampled according to the number of sampling points, so that the curves are constructed in a mode of 'turning over the curves', and the problem that the curves are not supported to be generated in a GIS system is solved. Meanwhile, when the curve is calculated, the standardization processing is carried out according to the height of the curve and the OD distance, and the height and the distance of the curve can be reflected more harmoniously, so that the problems that the curve is too steep or too slow and the like caused by inconsistent magnitude in statistical data are solved. By using the method and the device for three-dimensional visualization of the OD relationship in the GIS, a corresponding statistical file containing a three-dimensional curve can be automatically, simply and conveniently generated according to statistical data and visually displayed, compared with a planar expression, the visualization of the three-dimensional curve has stronger visual impact and clearer content expression, and is suitable for people in urban and rural planning, traffic, geography and other directions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a GIS showing OD relationships in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of flight position big data expression OD in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a three-dimensional visualization apparatus for OD relationships in a GIS according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a related data entry screen in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the line shapes of three curves in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a second order Bezier curve profile in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparison of hyperbolic curves at different b-factors in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an elliptical line shape in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison between before and after the normalization process in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graphical illustration of the linear variation of the number of different sampling points in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a visualization of population movement OD data in an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 12 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional visualization method of OD relationships in a GIS in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the efficacy of the invention easy to understand, the following describes the three-dimensional visualization method and the device for the OD relationship in the GIS specifically with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
< example >
The final aim of the method is to form a three-dimensional curve between two points, but since the Arcgis software does not provide the function of the curve temporarily, the method is mainly calculated by the idea of replacing the curve with straight. Firstly, determining the line type of a curve, then generating sampling points on the curve, and connecting the sampling points in sequence to form a multi-segment broken line so as to approach a fitting curve.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional visualization method of the OD relationship in the GIS is implemented by a computer, and the three-dimensional visualization method is correspondingly designed with corresponding executable codes, and the executable codes are respectively stored in the computer according to their respective functions, thereby forming a three-dimensional visualization device of the OD relationship in the GIS.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a three-dimensional visualization apparatus for OD relationships in a GIS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the three-dimensional visualization device 100 for the OD relationship in the GIS includes a statistical data acquisition unit 11, a construction information acquisition unit 12, a curve type generation unit 13, a curve height calculation unit 14, a sampling point coordinate calculation unit 15, a statistical file generation unit 16, a statistical file presentation unit 17, a device communication unit 18, and a device control unit 19 that controls the above units.
The device communication unit is used for data communication between the respective components of the three-dimensional visualization device 100 or between the three-dimensional visualization device 100 and another device, i.e., a system. The apparatus control unit stores a computer program for controlling the operation of each component of the three-dimensional visualization apparatus 100.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional visualization apparatus 100 has an input display device configured with a screen storage unit and an input display unit. The input display unit is used for displaying the pictures stored in the picture storage unit so that a user can complete corresponding human-computer interaction through the pictures.
In this embodiment, the related data input screen is displayed when the user selects the curve building operation, so that the user can input related data required for building the curve. An example of the related data input screen is shown in fig. 4, through which the user can import OD relationship statistics (i.e., OD file input in fig. 4) and input curve construction information (i.e., line type selection, number of sample points, exaggerated adjustment coefficients, and normalization process in fig. 4).
The statistical data acquisition unit 11 is configured to acquire OD relationship statistical data input by a user. The OD relationship statistics are used to reflect the relationship between two location sites, and the data carrier may be a line-type shp file, a line element file, a text file (txt, csv, etc.). Or excel files, etc.
In this embodiment, the OD relationship statistical data includes the relationship attribute values and the start coordinate O and the destination coordinate D respectively corresponding to the two position locations, and an example of the OD relationship statistical data is as follows:
TABLE 1 OD relationship statistics examples
| O_x | O_y | D_x | D_y | Value |
| 320337 | 3434425 | 311249 | 3442224 | 43 |
| 370960.6 | 3435169 | 375712.2 | 3434879 | 89 |
| 359137.8 | 3459055 | 357030.1 | 3458678 | 102 |
| 344032.4 | 3462074 | 338329.8 | 3459864 | 341 |
In table 1, O _ X and O _ Y are X and Y coordinates of the start coordinate, D _ X and D _ Y are X and Y coordinates of the destination coordinate, and Value is a relationship attribute Value. Wherein, the initial coordinate and the target coordinate can be longitude and latitude, and can also be self-defined coordinate; the relationship attribute value is an OD relationship value, which may express a relationship between two points, including but not limited to traffic volume, degree of contact, similarity, etc.
In addition, the relationship attribute value is not necessarily a field, and may be set up without setting or using the distance between two points as the OD relationship value, and the setting of the relationship attribute value mainly depends on the information that the user needs to express.
In the present embodiment, since the coordinates of the two position points are known data, the distance between the two points (hereinafter referred to as the OD distance), that is, the distance between the two points can be easily obtained
The construction information acquisition unit 12 is used to acquire curve construction information input by a user.
In this embodiment, the curve construction information corresponds to the input of the user, and includes curve type information, an exaggerated adjustment coefficient, the number of sampling points, and information on whether to standardize.
The curve type generating unit 13 is configured to generate a corresponding curve type from the curve type information.
In this embodiment, the curve types are divided into a second-order bezier curve, a hyperbolic curve, and an elliptic curve. As shown in fig. 5, the definition, form and characteristics of the three curve types are different: the form of the second-order Bezier curve accords with the conventional cognition of a parabola, and the concept of the control point can correspond to part of academic concepts; the hyperbolic curve is steeper, the curve can be adjusted through the coefficient b, and the method is characterized by approaching infinitely but not intersecting with a collimation line; the ellipse is more rounded and the tangent of the starting point and the ending point is vertical to the horizontal plane. The specific curve type is set by the user according to the actual requirement.
The three curve types are specified as follows:
a) second order bezier curve
Bezier curves are mathematical curves applied to two-dimensional graphics applications, and vector graphics software is typically used to draw smooth curves. The Bezier curve comprises a starting point, a terminal point and a plurality of control points, when no control point exists, the formula is a linear formula, and when 1 control point exists, the formula is a second-order Bezier curve; there are 2 control points, which are the third order bezier curves, and so on.
For a second order Bezier curve, let P0、P0 2、P2Is three different points on a parabola in sequence, passing through P0And P2The two tangents of the point intersect at P1Point at P0 2Tangent intersection P of points0P1And P2P1In P0 1And P1 1Then the following ratio holds:
when the coordinates of P0, P1 and P2 are fixed, introducing a parameter t (t epsilon [0, 1)]) Let the above ratio be
Namely, the method comprises the following steps:
i.e. point P on the bezier curve0 2The coordinates of (a) are:
in order to form a simple and clear curve profile, the second order bezier curve should satisfy the following condition:
(1) the starting point and the end point are on the same horizontal line, and the distance is equal to the distance d between two points OD.
(2) The control points are located on the two-point middle line, and the Bezier curve forms a symmetrical curve.
(3) And in order to ensure that the height h of the highest point of the curve is an OD relation value by combining the characteristics of the second-order Bezier curve, the height of the control point is 2 h.
In combination with the above conditions, the curve expression of the second-order bezier curve adopted in the present embodiment is:
where d is the distance between OD, h is the height of the curve between OD, x is the distance between the sampling point and the starting point (i.e., the starting coordinate), and y is the height of the sampling point.
For example, when the actual distance between the ODs is 1 and the curve height is 1, the second-order bessel equation is y-4 (x-x)2) The shape is shown in fig. 6.
b) Hyperbola
A hyperbola is a type of conic section defined as the intersection of planes with two halves of a right-angled conical surface. The hyperbola has two foci, two directrices, and the hyperbola approaches the directrices indefinitely. An example of a conventional hyperbolic formula with focus on the x-axis is as follows:
in this embodiment, a curve is constructed by using the curve line shape of the lower half of the hyperbola. The curve should satisfy the same condition as a parabola:
(1) the left half of the curve passes through the origin.
(2) The length of the curve intersecting the x-axis is equal to the distance d between the OD points.
(3) The height h of the highest point of the curve is related to the OD relation value.
Under the limitation of the above conditions, by formula conversion, the hyperbolic curve expression used in the present embodiment is obtained:
where d is the distance between the ODs, h is the height of the curve between the ODs, b is the coefficient of the curve, x is the distance of the sample from the starting point (i.e., the starting coordinate), and y is the height of the sample.
In this embodiment, the value of b can be adjusted to further change the line shape of the curve, and the larger the value of b is, the more rounded the line shape of the curve is, and the default value is 1. A comparative example when the actual distance between the ODs is 1, the curve height is 1, and b takes values of 100 and 1, respectively, is shown in FIG. 7.
c) Elliptic curve
Elliptic curves are another type of conic curves, which are trajectories of moving points P with the sum of distances to fixed points F1, F2 equal to a constant (greater than | F1F2|), and F1, F2 are called two foci of an ellipse. The conventional standard equation for an ellipse focused on the x-axis is:
where 2a is the major axis length and 2b is the minor axis length. In this embodiment, the curve of the upper half of the ellipse is used as the curve line, and the curve should satisfy the following condition:
(1) the leftmost side of the ellipse passes through the origin of coordinates.
(2) The ellipse apex height h is based on the OD relationship, i.e., related to the ellipse minor axis length.
(3) The length of the major axis of the ellipse is equal to the distance d between the ODs.
Based on the elliptic characteristics and the above conditions, the curve expression of the elliptic curve obtained by equation transformation is as follows:
where d is the distance between OD, h is the height of the curve between OD, x is the distance between the sampling point and the starting point (i.e., the starting coordinate), and y is the height of the sampling point.
When the OD distance is 1 and the height of the curve is 1, the shape of the elliptic curve is as shown in fig. 8.
The curve height calculating unit 14 calculates the curve heights of the plurality of curves from the OD relation statistical data and the exaggeration adjustment coefficient.
In this embodiment, the curve height calculating unit 14 sequentially calculates the corresponding curve according to each pair of coordinate values (i.e. a pair of start coordinates and a pair of destination coordinates) in the OD relationship statistical data, so that each OD relationship should have a corresponding curve.
The curve height calculation unit 14 includes a height calculation unit, an exaggeration adjustment unit, and a normalization processing unit.
And the height calculating unit is used for sequentially calculating the curve height of each curve according to the OD relation statistical data.
In this embodiment, the method for calculating the curve height by the height calculating unit is to use the relationship attribute value in the OD relationship statistical data as the curve height h, that is:
h＝R(OD)
wherein R (OD) is a relational attribute value.
In addition, in other embodiments, the height calculating unit may calculate the height of the curve by other methods, for example, when there is no relationship attribute value in the OD relationship statistical data or the OD distance needs to be reflected, the height calculating unit takes the distance between the ODs as the OD attribute value, and becomes the basis of the height of the curve:
h＝d(OD)
wherein d (OD) is the OD distance.
For another example, when there is an OD relation attribute value, the distance between the ODs may be used as a weight of the OD relation attribute to weight the OD relation, that is:
h＝R(OD)d(OD)
the calculation method of the height calculation means may be set by the user in advance, depending on the intention of the user.
The exaggeration adjustment unit is used for adjusting the height of all the curves according to the exaggeration adjustment coefficient.
After the height of the curve is calculated, the height h of the curve may be slightly different or excessively different, which may cause poor effect when performing visualization, and therefore, the height h needs to be adjusted by increasing an exaggerated adjustment coefficient k. The adjustment directions are two, exaggeration and moderation, and can be changed through the value of the coefficient.
The present embodiment uses an exponential equation to process the curve height h, that is:
h`＝ha(a>0)
when the adjustment coefficient α ∈ (0,1) is exaggerated, the moderation is exerted so that the heights of the respective curves are reduced by the degree of contrast, and the smaller α is, the more pronounced the moderation is. When the adjustment coefficient α ∈ (1, + ∞) is exaggerated, the height of each curve is increased by the degree of exaggeration, and the larger α, the more obvious the exaggeration.
And the normalization processing unit is used for performing normalization processing on the curve heights according to all the curve heights and the OD distances so as to enable the maximum value of the curve heights to be consistent with the maximum value of the OD distances.
Because the unit and the order of magnitude of the distance between the OD relation value and the OD are often inconsistent, and after the adjustment is performed by the exaggeration adjustment coefficient alpha, the numerical value difference between the curve height and the OD distance is possibly large, so that the problem of the curve being too steep or too slow is caused, the visualization effect is poor, and the curve height needs to be adjusted.
In the embodiment, a max-min standardization processing idea is adopted, that is, in n curves, the highest value of the curve height should be consistent with the maximum value of the OD distance d:
in the formula, hn"is the height of the nth curve after normalization, hnThe curve height of the nth curve, max (h) is the highest value of the curve height, and max (d) is the maximum value of the OD distance.
After the standardization treatment, the maximum height and the maximum distance of the curve are equal, so that a harmonious visualization effect can be formed. An example of the curve before and after the normalization process is shown in fig. 9.
The sampling point coordinate calculation unit 15 is configured to sequentially sample each curve according to the number of sampling points, the height of the curve, the type of the curve, and the OD relationship statistical data, thereby calculating sampling point coordinates of a plurality of sampling points corresponding to each curve.
Gis has no function of curve, so it adopts the method of "bending curve". Firstly, the number of sampling points needs to be determined, as shown in fig. 10, the more sampling points are, the more the broken line is similar to a curve, but the corresponding operation and storage cost is increased; and the fewer the sampling points, the more pronounced the "polyline" feature. It is therefore necessary to take a suitable number of samples. In this embodiment, the number n of sampling points is 10 as a default value, and a user can input the corresponding number of sampling points to adjust according to the requirements of data volume, visualization effect, and the like.
In the present embodiment, after the curve type l (x), the exaggerated adjustment coefficient α, and the number of sampling points n are clarified, taking as an example whether the curve construction information is standardized information as the normalization processing, the calculation method of the sampling point coordinate calculation unit 15 is as follows:
based on the OD relation statistic data, according to the initial coordinate O (x) corresponding to the curveo,yo0) and destination coordinate D (x)d,yd0), the ith sample point coordinate (x) of the curvei,yi,zi) Comprises the following steps:
wherein h (l) is the height of the vertex of the current curve, max (h) is the maximum height of all curves, max (d) is the maximum value of the OD distance, F (x) is a function expression corresponding to the curve type, n is the number of sampling points, and alpha is an exaggerated adjustment coefficient. By the above formula, the sample point coordinate calculation section 15 can calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of each sample point.
The statistical file generating part 16 is used for generating a statistical file containing all the curves in the GIS according to the curves, the corresponding sampling point coordinates and the OD relation statistical data.
In this embodiment, after the calculation of the coordinates of all the sampling points is completed, the coordinates of the sampling points and the corresponding curves may form an attribute table, and the example of the attribute table is as follows:
TABLE 2 attribute table of curve point set
| x | y | z | | Line_id | Value | |
| 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | |
| … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| 10 | 11 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 3 | |
| 4 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
| … | … | … | … | … | … |
In table 2, x, y, and z are three-dimensional coordinates of each sampling point, P _ id is the number of the sampling point, Line _ id is the number of the curve, and value is the value of the OD relation.
In this embodiment, the statistical file generating unit 16 generates: based on the function of 'point set line conversion' of a conventional gis system, a point set is converted into a plurality of curves to generate an shp file, and the shp file is a statistical file.
The statistical file display unit 17 is configured to visually display the statistical file through a three-dimensional visualization application.
In this embodiment, arcsine, which is a three-dimensional visualization software in Arcgis software, is used for three-dimensional visualization, and the shp file can be three-dimensionally visualized. The statistical file display part 17 imports the shp file generated in the previous step into arcsine software, that is, a preliminary visualization effect of a curve can be displayed through an input display device of a computer, an example of performing visualization display on a statistical file generated according to population movement OD data is shown in fig. 11, every two coordinate points are connected through a three-dimensional curve, and simultaneously, each curve generates a height drop due to different relationship attribute values, so that the relationship among each place can be more visually represented, and messiness caused by too much amount of the curves can be avoided.
In this embodiment, the image storage unit of the input display device stores a visual display image, and the input display unit allows a user to view a curved three-dimensional image by displaying the visual display image. In addition, in this embodiment, the user can adjust the height, thickness, and color of the curve in the presentation by the Arcgis software, thereby performing finer adjustment on the expression form of the curve.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional visualization method of OD relationships in a GIS in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 10, the three-dimensional visualization method of the OD relationship in the GIS includes the following steps:
step S1, obtaining OD relation statistical data, and then entering step S2;
step S2, obtaining curve construction information input by a user, and then entering step S3;
step S3, generating a corresponding curve type according to the curve type information in the curve construction information obtained in step S2, and then entering step S4;
step S4, calculating the curve heights of the curves according to the OD relation statistical data acquired in step S1 and the exaggerated adjustment coefficients in the curve construction information acquired in step S2, and then proceeding to step S5;
step S5, sampling each curve in sequence according to the number of sampling points, the height of the curve, the type of the curve and the OD relation statistical data so as to calculate the coordinates of the sampling points of a plurality of sampling points corresponding to each curve, and then entering step S6;
step S6, converting the statistical data into corresponding statistical files containing all curves in a GIS system according to the curves, the corresponding sampling point coordinates and the OD relation statistical data, and then entering step S7;
and step S7, visually displaying the statistical file generated in the step S6 through a three-dimensional visualization application, and entering an end state.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional visualization method is the same as the three-dimensional visualization apparatus 100 in process and corresponding execution process, and is not described herein again.
Examples effects and effects
According to the three-dimensional visualization device for the OD relationship in the GIS, after the OD relationship statistical data and the curve construction information are obtained, the corresponding curves are calculated according to the selected curve type, the exaggeration coefficient, the height obtained through corresponding calculation, the relationship attribute and other parameters, and the curves are sampled according to the number of sampling points, so that the curves are constructed in a mode of 'turning over the curves', and the problem that the curves are not supported to be generated in a GIS system is solved. Meanwhile, when the curve is calculated, the standardization processing is carried out according to the height of the curve and the OD distance, and the height and the distance of the curve can be reflected more harmoniously, so that the problems that the curve is too steep or too slow and the like caused by inconsistent magnitude in statistical data are solved. Through using the three-dimensional visualization device of OD relation in the GIS of this embodiment, can be automatically, simply and conveniently according to statistics data generation correspondingly contain the statistical file of three-dimensional curve and carry out visual show, compare planar expression, this kind of three-dimensional curve's visualization has stronger visual impact force, clearer content expression, is fit for the personnel of town and country planning, traffic, geography and other directions and uses.
In addition, in the embodiment, the OD relationship and the curve height can be calculated according to the relationship attribute value or the OD distance, so that a user can generate a corresponding curve according to actual requirements more conveniently, and the applicability of the three-dimensional visualization device of the embodiment is further improved.
Further, in the embodiment, as the corresponding curve can be generated through multiple curve types, the user can generate the corresponding curve according to actual requirements more conveniently, and the applicability of the three-dimensional visualization device of the embodiment is further improved.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the description of the above-described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional visualization method of OD relation in GIS is characterized in that the method is used for generating a corresponding three-dimensional curve which can be identified by a GIS system according to input data of a user and performing three-dimensional visualization display, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, obtaining OD relation statistical data for reflecting the relation between two position locations, wherein the OD relation statistical data comprises a starting coordinate and a target coordinate respectively corresponding to the position locations;
step S2, obtaining curve construction information input by the user, wherein the curve construction information comprises curve type information, an exaggerated adjustment coefficient and the number of sampling points;
step S3, generating a corresponding curve type according to the curve type information;
step S4, calculating the curve heights of a plurality of curves according to the OD relation statistical data and the exaggeration adjustment coefficient;
step S5, sequentially sampling each curve according to the number of sampling points, the height of the curve, the type of the curve and the OD relation statistical data so as to calculate the coordinates of the sampling points of a plurality of sampling points corresponding to each curve;
step S6, converting the statistical data of the sampling point coordinates and the OD relationship into corresponding statistical files containing all the curves in the GIS system according to the curves;
step S7, visually displaying the statistical file through three-dimensional visual application,
wherein the distance between the start coordinate and the destination coordinate is the OD distance corresponding to each curve,
the step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
step S4-1, sequentially calculating the curve height of each curve according to the OD relation statistical data;
step S4-2, performing height adjustment on all the curve heights according to an exaggerated adjustment coefficient;
step S4-3, normalizing the curve heights according to all the curve heights and the OD distances so that the highest value of the curve heights coincides with the maximum value of the OD distances, that is:
in the formula, hnIs the height of the curve of the nth curve after the normalization process, hnThe curve height of the nth curve, max (h) the highest value of the curve height, and max (d) the maximum value of the OD distance.
2. The method for three-dimensional visualization of OD relationships in GIS of claim 1, wherein:
when the curve height is calculated in step S4-1, the OD distance corresponding to each curve is obtained according to the start coordinate and the destination coordinate, and the OD distance is used as the curve height.
3. The method for three-dimensional visualization of OD relationships in GIS of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the OD relationship statistics further comprise a relationship attribute value representing a relationship between two of the location sites,
when the curve height is calculated in step S4-1, the relationship attribute value is used as the curve height.
4. The method for three-dimensional visualization of OD relationships in GIS of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the OD relationship statistics further comprise a relationship attribute value representing a relationship between two of the location sites,
when the heights of the curves are calculated in step S4-1, the OD distances corresponding to the curves are obtained according to the start coordinates and the destination coordinates, and the OD distances are used as weights of the relationship attribute values and calculated to obtain the heights of the curves.
5. The method for three-dimensional visualization of OD relationships in GIS of claim 1, wherein:
wherein, when the coordinates of the sampling points are calculated in the step S5,
according to the starting coordinate (x) corresponding to the curveo,yo0) and destination coordinate (x)d,yd0), the ith sample point coordinate (x) of the curvei,yi,zi) Is calculated as follows:
where h (l) is the height of the vertex of the current curve, max (h) is the highest value of the curve height, max (d) is the maximum value of the OD distance, f (x) is a function expression corresponding to the curve type, n is the number of sampling points, and α is the exaggeration adjustment coefficient.
6. The method for three-dimensional visualization of OD relationships in GIS of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the curve type is a second order bezier curve, and the corresponding curve expression is:
wherein d is the OD distance, h is the curve height, x is the distance from the sampling point to the initial coordinate, and y is the height of the sampling point.
7. The method for three-dimensional visualization of OD relationships in GIS of claim 1, wherein:
wherein, the curve type is hyperbola, and the corresponding curve expression is:
wherein d is the OD distance, h is the curve height, b is the coefficient of the curve, x is the distance from the sampling point to the initial coordinate, and y is the height of the sampling point.
8. The method for three-dimensional visualization of OD relationships in GIS of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the curve type is an elliptic curve, and the corresponding curve expression is as follows:
wherein d is the OD distance, h is the curve height, x is the distance from the sampling point to the initial coordinate, and y is the height of the sampling point.
9. A three-dimensional visualization device of OD relation in GIS is characterized in that the device is used for generating a corresponding three-dimensional curve which can be identified by a GIS system according to input data of a user and performing three-dimensional visualization display, and the device comprises:
a statistical data acquisition unit configured to acquire OD relationship statistical data that reflects a relationship between two position points, the OD relationship statistical data including start coordinates and destination coordinates that correspond to the position points, respectively;
a construction information acquisition unit configured to acquire curve construction information input by the user, the curve construction information including curve type information, an exaggerated adjustment coefficient, and the number of sampling points;
a curve type generating part for generating a corresponding curve type according to the curve type information;
a curve height calculation unit for calculating curve heights of the plurality of curves from the OD relationship statistical data and the exaggeration adjustment coefficient;
a sampling point coordinate calculation part for sequentially sampling each curve according to the number of sampling points, the height of the curve, the type of the curve and the OD relation statistical data so as to calculate the sampling point coordinates of a plurality of sampling points corresponding to each curve;
a statistical file generating part for generating a corresponding statistical file containing all the curves in the GIS system according to the curves, the corresponding sampling point coordinates and the OD relation statistical data; and
a statistical file display part for displaying the statistical file visually through three-dimensional visual application,
wherein the distance between the start coordinate and the destination coordinate is the OD distance corresponding to each curve,
the curve height calculating section includes the following units:
the height calculating unit is used for sequentially calculating the curve height of each curve according to the OD relation statistical data;
the exaggeration adjusting unit is used for adjusting the heights of all the curves according to an exaggeration adjusting coefficient;
a normalization processing unit for normalizing the curve heights according to all the curve heights and the OD distances so that the highest value of the curve heights coincides with the maximum value of the OD distances, that is:
in the formula, hnIs the height of the curve of the nth curve after the normalization process, hnThe curve height of the nth curve, max (h) the highest value of the curve height, and max (d) the maximum value of the OD distance.
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