CN111060991B - Method for generating clear sky radiation product of wind and cloud geostationary satellite - Google Patents
Method for generating clear sky radiation product of wind and cloud geostationary satellite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite weather, in particular to a method for generating a clear sky radiation product of a wind and cloud geostationary satellite, which comprises the following steps: recombining the static satellite nominal graph in a 3 x 3 pixel mode; performing quality control on the image unit; carrying out sea and land judgment on the image unit; judging clear sky pixels and cloud pixels, and acquiring cloud amount information; calculating clear sky brightness temperature, cloud area brightness temperature and total brightness temperature; through the process, the method for generating the clear sky radiation product of the wind and cloud geostationary satellite is provided, the produced clear sky radiation product can be directly used in a numerical weather forecast mode, and the use efficiency of the wind and cloud satellite data is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite weather, in particular to a method for generating a clear sky radiation product of a wind and cloud geostationary satellite.
Background
The geostationary meteorological satellite can provide information of the earth surface of a medium-low latitude region and water vapor and cloud in the atmosphere with high time resolution, and is very important for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). The main Geostationary Satellites currently in international on-orbit operation for Meteorological services include the Second Generation Geostationary satellite (MSG) series of the European Meteorological satellite group (European organization for the deployment of the international Meteorological services, eumet), the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) series of the national oceanographic and atmospheric administration, the sunflower satellite (Himawar) series of the satellite Meteorological center of the japanese Meteorological office, and the first (wind cloud No. 2) and Second (wind cloud No. 4) Geostationary satellite series of our country.
The original radiation data of the static satellite has high horizontal resolution and large data volume, and is inconvenient to distribute. In addition, assimilation of radiation data contaminated by clouds can cause false temperature and humidity increase, which negatively affects NWP. Therefore, visible light near-infrared imagers mounted on European, American and Japanese geostationary satellites have been commercialized to provide Clear Sky Radiation (CSR) products for use by International high numerical forecasting centers (EUMETSAT 2015 a; Schreiner et al 2006; Takahito and Daisaku 2016). The CSR product is the radiation or brightness temperature of an area average clear sky image element, and is one of indispensable products of a static satellite. The CSR product of EUMETSAT is taken as an example for illustration. The MSG is provided with an Enhanced Visible and near Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) which comprises a high-resolution Visible light channel, two Visible light channels, a near Infrared channel and eight Infrared channels (Aminou2002), and 11 channels except the high-resolution Visible light channel are provided with CSR products. The CSR product is in BUFR format, distributed using Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and the satellite data broadcasting System (EUMETCast) of EUMETSAT, and stored in the data center of EUMETSAT. SEVIRI performs a global disc Scan (FES) every fifteen minutes, and may also be set to perform a fast Scan (RSS) of one third of the area of the global disc every five minutes, so its CSR products have RSS and FES versions. The RSS version stores the radiation data and is distributed every 15 minutes (00:00, 00:15, 00:30, … 23:45 UTC). The FES version stores light and temperature data, distributed once per hour (00:45, 01:45, 02:45, … 23:45 UTC). The production process of the CSR product is as follows (EUMETSAT 2015 b):
and (3) image segmentation, namely segmenting the images of 11 channels except the high-resolution visible light channel. The spatial resolution of the RSS version is not fixed. The FES version recombines the pixels in a 16-by-16 manner, the reconstructed whole is called an image unit, and the resolution of the sub-satellite points is about 48 km.
And (3) extracting clear sky pixels, namely determining the number of cloud (clear sky) pixels in each image unit by utilizing cloud analysis. For channels except for the 6.2 μm water vapor channel (WV6.2), if the clear sky pixel count is lower than a certain threshold (set to 7), the CSR is set to a default value. For the WV6.2 channel, the condition that the pixel has low cloud is also regarded as a clear sky pixel, and the CSR is set as a default value when the sum of the pixel and the clear sky pixel is lower than a threshold value.
Detecting the solar altitude angle: and determining whether the clear sky image element is day time or night by using the solar altitude. And if the number of the daytime pixels is less than the threshold value, the CSR of the visible light channel is set as a default value.
And (4) calculating CSR, namely calculating the average value of the radiance or the brightness temperature of the clear sky pixels in each image unit.
Calculate the location of the CSR: and averaging the longitude and latitude of the clear sky pixel in each image unit.
The CSR products in the united states and japan are not exactly the same as in europe, and the details will be adjusted according to the model requirements of the NWP service made in this country. A CSR product is not developed by a domestic geostationary satellite, original data needs to be read when the CSR product assimilates radiation data of the CSR product, thinning is carried out in a preprocessing stage, and data with overlarge zenith angles and polluted by clouds are removed, so that a large part of data is removed, the use efficiency of satellite data is low, and the transmission quantity of data and the calculation quantity of numerical prediction are increased. On the other hand, China needs to distribute radiation data of the geostationary satellite to other international numerical forecasting centers, and a uniform and efficient way is needed. Therefore, the CSR product (hereinafter referred to as FY-CSR) of the wind and cloud satellite is designed and produced according to the requirements of the Global/Regional acquisition and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES) of the current business forecasting model in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for generating a clear sky radiation product of a wind and cloud geostationary satellite, and the produced FY-CSR product can be directly used in a numerical weather forecast mode, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the wind and cloud satellite data.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a method for generating a clear sky radiation product of a wind and cloud geostationary satellite, which comprises the following steps of:
recombining a nominal map of a wind and cloud geostationary satellite in a 3 x 3 pixel mode to obtain an integral called an image unit, wherein the resolution of an intersatellite point of the image unit is 15km, and the longitude and latitude, the satellite zenith angle, the satellite azimuth angle and the solar zenith angle of the image unit are represented by the longitude and latitude, the satellite zenith angle, the satellite azimuth angle and the solar zenith angle of a central pixel;
setting a threshold value for the zenith angle of the image unit to perform quality control, and removing the image unit with the zenith angle larger than 60 degrees;
applying the pixel recombination mode to sea and land data of the stationary satellite, and judging the sea and land of the image unit;
the pixel recombination mode is used for an L2-grade cloud detection product of the geostationary satellite, clear sky pixels and cloud pixels in each image unit are distinguished, the number of the cloud pixels in each image unit is obtained, and the number of the cloud pixels is divided by the total number of pixels to obtain the cloud number N;
the pixel recombination mode is used for L1-level radiation data of a wind and cloud geostationary satellite, and the brightness temperature value of the clear sky pixel in the image unit is averaged to obtain clear sky brightness temperature Tclr; and calculating the average value Tcld of the brightness temperatures of the cloud pixels and the total brightness temperature Ttot, wherein the calculation formula of the total brightness temperature Ttot is as follows:
Ttot＝(1-N)×Tclr+N×Tcld。
further, the first channel of the scanning radiometer of the wind cloud geostationary satellite is a long-wave infrared channel, and the detection wavelength is as follows: 10.3-11.3 μm; the second channel is an infrared splitting window, and the detection wavelength is as follows: 11.5-12.5 μm; the third channel is a water vapor channel, and the detection wavelength is as follows: 6.30 to 7.60 μm.
Further, the distinction between the cloud pixel and the clear sky pixel is judged by a cloud detection product. And the brightness temperature values of the clear sky pixel and the cloud pixel are obtained by a calibration lookup table corresponding to the digital value of the L1-level radiation data, and the clear sky brightness temperature average value Tclr and the cloud brightness temperature average value Tcld of the image unit are calculated accordingly.
Further, the rules for judging the image unit sea and land are as follows: if the fused 9 pixels are all ocean or land, setting the fused 9 pixels as ocean or land; if 9 picture elements contain both sea and land, then it is set as coast.
The difference between the method for generating the clear sky radiation product of the wind and cloud geostationary satellite and the CSR product algorithm of the EUMETSAT is as follows:
FY-CSR uses 3 x 3 image elements to conduct image reorganization, and the obtained spatial resolution is matched with the resolution (10-20 kilometers) of the current GRPAES global assimilation forecast system.
FY-CSR mainly uses a long wave infrared channel, an infrared splitting window and a water vapor channel, and the data of the channels are easier to assimilate in a mode at present.
And 3, the CSR of the EUMETSAT uses the average of the longitude and latitude of the position of the clear sky pixel as the position of the image unit, so that the positioning of the image unit in the scattered distribution of the clear sky pixel is inaccurate, the number of the pixels used by the image unit of the FY-CSR is less, the position of the central pixel is directly used for representing the image unit without great deviation, and meanwhile, the calculation is convenient.
And 4, the CSR of the EUMETSAT applies a scene analysis algorithm to distinguish whether clouds exist in each pixel, and the FY-CSR distinguishes clear sky and cloud pixels by means of the existing L2-level cloud detection product, so that the calculation amount is reduced and the method is easy to realize.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the FY-CSR product of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cloud detection product of 6UTC wind cloud second number G star in 10 months and 28 days in 2019 and a corresponding cloud amount information diagram in a CSR product;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of clear zones, cloud zones and total light temperature of a channel one (a, b, c), a channel two (d, e, f) and a channel three (g, h, i) of the scanning radiometer.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1: according to the method for generating the clear sky radiation product of the wind and cloud geostationary satellite, the production steps of the clear sky radiation product of the wind and cloud geostationary satellite are as follows:
firstly, a static satellite nominal map is recombined in a 3 x 3 pixel mode, the recombined whole is called an image unit (NOM), the resolution of the satellite points of the image unit is 15km, the longitude and latitude, the satellite zenith angle, the satellite azimuth angle and the solar zenith angle of the image unit are represented by the longitude and latitude, the satellite zenith angle, the satellite azimuth angle and the solar zenith angle of a central pixel, and the central pixel is adopted for representing, so that the positioning is more accurate and the calculation is convenient;
secondly, performing quality control on the zenith angle setting threshold of the image unit, removing the image unit with the zenith angle larger than 60 degrees, and removing the image unit with the excessively large zenith angle to ensure that the data quality of the selected image unit meets the requirement of a numerical mode;
and (III) judging the land and the sea of the image unit, adding land and sea information to facilitate quality control in a numerical weather forecast mode, and eliminating the land and the sea boundary points before entering the numerical mode because the reflectivity of the sea and the land is different and the data quality of the land and the sea boundary points is poor, and performing land and sea identification to help channel selection of a satellite.
Fourthly, pixel recombination is carried out on L2-grade cloud detection data of the wind cloud geostationary satellite product generation system, clear sky pixels and cloud pixels in each image unit are distinguished, the number of the cloud pixels in each image unit is obtained, and the number of the cloud pixels is divided by the total pixel number to obtain the cloud number N;
fifthly, pixel recombination is carried out on the L1-grade radiation data of the wind and cloud geostationary satellite, and the bright temperature value of the pixel of the clear sky in each image unit is averaged to obtain the bright temperature Tclr of the clear sky by combining the clear sky and cloud pixel information obtained in the step four; and calculating the average value Tcld of the brightness temperatures of the cloud pixels and the total brightness temperature Ttot, wherein the calculation formula of the total brightness temperature Ttot is as follows:
Ttot＝(1-N)×Tclr+N×Tcld。
the wind and cloud static satellite comprises a wind and cloud second satellite and a wind and cloud fourth satellite, for example, the wind and cloud second satellite is provided with a visible light channel and four infrared channels, a full-circle disc is scanned with 2288 × 2288 pixels, the resolution of points under the satellite is 5km (national satellite weather center), and the accuracy of a CSR product depends on radiometric calibration accuracy and cloud detection accuracy.
A first channel of a scanning radiometer of a wind cloud second satellite is a long-wave infrared channel, and the detection wavelength is as follows: 10.3-11.3 μm; the second channel is an infrared splitting window, and the detection wavelength is as follows: 11.5-12.5 μm; the third channel is a water vapor channel, and the detection wavelength is as follows: 6.30 to 7.60 μm.
The L1-grade radiation data of the scanning radiometer has a digital value in each pixel, no matter in clear sky or in clouds, a calibration lookup table scientific data set is attached, and the digital value corresponds to the lookup table to obtain the brightness temperature of the pixel; the L2-level cloud detection product of the product generation system can judge whether each pixel is clear sky or has cloud; the clear sky pixel and the cloud pixel can be obtained by combining the two, and then the average value of the brightness temperature of the clear sky pixel and the cloud pixel in the image unit can be calculated to obtain the clear sky brightness temperature Tclr and the cloud brightness temperature Tcld of the image unit.
The rules for determining the sea and land of the image unit are as follows: if the fused 9 pixels are all ocean or land, setting the fused 9 pixels as ocean or land; if 9 picture elements contain both sea and land, then it is set as coast.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
fig. 2 is an exemplary product made from data of 6UTC wind cloud No. two G star in 10/28/2019, a cloud detection product of the product generation system is shown in a left schematic diagram of fig. 2, and the amount of cloud obtained based on the cloud detection product is shown in a right schematic diagram of fig. 2. The visible quality control removes the image unit with the overlarge zenith angle, and the cloud quality product accurately inherits the cloud detection product;
fig. 3 shows the brightness temperature of the clear sky area, the brightness temperature of the cloud area, and the total brightness temperature at that time, in units: K. compared with the cloud detection image in fig. 2, the CSR product can be seen to well distinguish bright temperatures in clear sky and cloud areas.
The FY-CSR generation method is suitable for data processing of all stationary satellite imagers in China, the CSR products of the Fengyun No. two G, H satellites are produced in a business mode by the method at present, and the method is also suitable for the CSR products of the Fengyun No. four satellites and other satellites after the results of the method are further improved by combining instrument design. Compared with the prior art, the method for producing the CSR product by the EUMETSAT additionally produces an all-weather radiation (ASR) product, and the main information comprises all pixels, clear sky pixels and bright temperature of cloud pixels, and the proportion of low cloud pixels (air pressure >700hPa), medium cloud pixels (400hPa < air pressure <700hPa) and high cloud pixels (air pressure <400hsPa) in image units. The CSR product also contains cloud area bright temperature and total bright temperature, so the FY-CSR is also an ASR product and is not particularly distinguished in terms of calling.
Through the process, the method for generating the clear sky radiation product of the wind and cloud geostationary satellite is provided, the clear sky radiation product for producing the wind and cloud satellite scanning radiometer can be directly used in a numerical weather forecast mode, and the use efficiency of wind and cloud satellite data is improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for generating the clear sky radiation product of the wind cloud geostationary satellite is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
recombining a nominal map of the wind and cloud stationary satellite in a 3 x 3 pixel mode to obtain a whole called an image unit, wherein the resolution of the sub-satellite points of the image unit is 15km, and the longitude and latitude, the satellite zenith angle, the satellite azimuth angle and the solar zenith angle of the image unit are represented by the longitude and latitude, the satellite zenith angle, the satellite azimuth angle and the solar zenith angle of a central pixel;
setting a threshold value for the zenith angle of the image unit to perform quality control, and removing the image unit with the zenith angle larger than 60 degrees;
applying a pixel recombination mode to sea and land data of a stationary satellite, judging the sea and land of an image unit, and judging the rules of the sea and land of the image unit as follows: if the fused 9 pixels are all ocean or land, setting the fused 9 pixels as ocean or land; if 9 pixels simultaneously contain ocean and land, setting the pixels as coast;
the pixel recombination method is used for an L2-grade cloud detection product of a stationary satellite, clear sky pixels and cloud pixels in each image unit are distinguished, the number of the cloud pixels in each image unit is obtained, and the number of the cloud pixels is divided by the total number of the pixels to obtain the cloud number N;
the pixel recombination mode is used for the L1-level radiation data of the wind and cloud geostationary satellite, and the clear sky brightness temperature Tclr is obtained by averaging the brightness temperature values of clear sky pixels in the image unit; and calculating the average value Tcld of the brightness temperatures of the cloud pixels and the total brightness temperature Ttot, wherein the calculation formula of the total brightness temperature Ttot is as follows:
Ttot＝(1-N)×Tclr+N×Tcld。
2. the method for generating a clear sky radiation product for a wind and cloud geostationary satellite according to claim 1, wherein: the distinction between the cloud pixel and the clear sky pixel is judged by the L2-level cloud detection product; the brightness temperatures of the clear sky pixel and the cloud pixel are obtained by a calibration lookup table corresponding to digital values in L1-level radiation data, and the clear sky brightness temperature average value Tclr and the cloud brightness temperature average value Tcld of the image unit are calculated accordingly.
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