CN111060860B - Spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase high-bandwidth high-precision detection method - Google Patents

Spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase high-bandwidth high-precision detection method Download PDF

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CN111060860B
CN111060860B CN201811205947.0A CN201811205947A CN111060860B CN 111060860 B CN111060860 B CN 111060860B CN 201811205947 A CN201811205947 A CN 201811205947A CN 111060860 B CN111060860 B CN 111060860B
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magnetic resonance
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phase
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CN111060860A (en
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秦杰
汤恩琼
万双爱
孙晓光
刘建丰
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Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute BACEI
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Abstract

The invention discloses a spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase high-bandwidth high-precision detection method, which can ensure the detection precision of a magnetic resonance signal and has higher detection bandwidth. It comprises the following steps: (1) extracting phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal; (2) eliminating frequency doubling signals in the phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signals and the excitation signals; (3) a phase difference of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal is acquired. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a phase detection method of a quantum sensor spin ensemble magnetic resonance signal, in particular to a quantum sensor application based on a magnetic resonance effect, which can ensure the detection precision of the magnetic resonance signal and has higher detection bandwidth.

Description

Spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase high-bandwidth high-precision detection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a phase detection method of a quantum sensor spin ensemble magnetic resonance signal, and particularly relates to a high-bandwidth high-precision detection method of a spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase.
Background
The quantum sensor based on the spin ensemble magnetic resonance effect can achieve ultrahigh precision by measuring the magnitude sensitive angular motion or the magnetic field change of the spin ensemble magnetic resonance frequency, and has wide application prospects in the fields of autonomous navigation positioning, geological exploration, biomedical treatment, deep sea magnetic anomaly detection and the like.
The magnetic resonance frequency of the spin ensemble of the quantum sensor has a correlation with the magnetic field intensity of the environment where the spin ensemble is located, and the closer the precession frequency of the spin ensemble is to the resonance frequency, the higher the sensitivity of the sensor is. Therefore, the quantum sensor usually performs closed-loop control on the spin ensemble magnetic resonance signal to maintain the spin ensemble precession frequency at the resonance frequency point all the time to obtain higher measurement sensitivity. The principle of the spin ensemble magnetic resonance closed loop control is shown in figure 1. A DDS (direct digital frequency synthesizer) outputs an excitation signal to act on a coil to generate an excitation magnetic field, so that the spin ensemble magnetic resonance is realized; the photoelectric detector senses the precession of the spin ensemble and obtains a precession signal of the spin ensemble through carrier demodulation; the phase change of the spin ensemble precession signal relative to the excitation signal is detected in real time, and a control instruction is output by the controller to enable the spin ensemble to be always maintained in a resonance state.
The conventional spin ensemble magnetic resonance signal phase detection method usually uses a low-pass filter. The magnetic resonance frequency of the quantum sensor spin ensemble is present at lower frequencies of several tens of hertz. In order to ensure the detection accuracy of the magnetic resonance signal phase, the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is far lower than the magnetic resonance frequency. However, lowering the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter directly lowers the phase detection bandwidth, and raising the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter lowers the phase detection accuracy. Therefore, an effective phase detection method is required, which has a high detection bandwidth while ensuring the detection accuracy of the magnetic resonance signal, and provides necessary conditions for the development of a high-precision high-bandwidth quantum sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting a spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase with high bandwidth and high precision, which can ensure the detection precision of a magnetic resonance signal and has higher detection bandwidth.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase high bandwidth high precision detection method includes the following steps:
(1) extracting phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal;
(2) eliminating frequency doubling signals in the phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signals and the excitation signals;
(3) a phase difference of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal is acquired.
The step (1) comprises the following steps,
magnetic resonance signal V0Is expressed as
V0＝A0sin(ω0t+θ0) (1)
Wherein A is0Is the amplitude, ω0Is the frequency, theta0In order to be the initial phase position,
excitation signal V1Is expressed as
V1＝A1cos(ω1t+θ1) (2)
Wherein A is1Is the amplitude, ω1Is the frequency, theta1In order to be the initial phase position,
signal V comprising phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal2Is expressed as
Figure BDA0001831186220000021
The step (2) comprises the following steps,
for signal V2Delayed by Δ T time from the signal V3Performing subtraction to obtain a signal V4Wherein the delay time DeltaT is 2 pi/omega1Is the output value of PID, the initial value cannot be 0, so the signal V can be obtained4Is expressed as
Figure BDA0001831186220000022
The step (3) comprises the following steps,
signal V4And omega1Multiplying by/2 pi to obtain signal V5Obtaining V5Is expressed as
Figure BDA0001831186220000023
The step (3) comprises the expansion operation of the equation (5), and the obtained result
Figure BDA0001831186220000031
When ω is1Gradually approaches to omega0In time, the value of the first term on the right side of the equal sign of equation (6) gradually approaches 0, so that the value can be obtained
Figure BDA0001831186220000032
From equation (7), it can be seen that when ω is1Gradually approaches to omega0In the signals output by the phase detection algorithm, the sum frequency signals of the magnetic resonance signals and the excitation signals gradually approach to zero without a low-pass filter filtering algorithm, and the phase detection algorithm output is only related to the phase difference of the two signals.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a phase detection method of a quantum sensor spin ensemble magnetic resonance signal, in particular to a quantum sensor application based on a magnetic resonance effect, which can ensure the detection precision of the magnetic resonance signal and has higher detection bandwidth.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic resonance closed loop control system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting phases of magnetic resonance signals;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of the experimental effect of phase detection.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for detecting a spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase with high bandwidth and high accuracy is described as follows:
(1) extracting phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal;
magnetic resonance signal V0Is expressed as
V0＝A0sin(ω0t+θ0) (1)
Wherein A is0Is the amplitude, ω0Is the frequency, theta0Is the initial phase.
Excitation signal V1Is expressed as
V1＝A1cos(ω1t+θ1) (2)
Wherein A is1Is the amplitude, ω1Is the frequency, theta1Is the initial phase.
Thus, the signal V of FIG. 2 contains information about the phase difference between the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal2Is expressed as
Figure BDA0001831186220000041
(2) Eliminating frequency doubling signals in the phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signals and the excitation signals;
for signal V in FIG. 22Delayed by Δ T time from the signal V3Performing subtraction to obtain a signal V4. Wherein the delay time DeltaT is 2 pi/omega1The initial value of PID cannot be 0. Thus obtaining V4Is expressed as
Figure BDA0001831186220000042
(3) A phase difference of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal is acquired.
Let signal V in FIG. 24And omega1Multiplying by/2 pi to obtain signal V5. Can obtain V5Is expressed as
Figure BDA0001831186220000043
By expanding equation (5), we can get
Figure BDA0001831186220000044
When ω is1Gradually approaches to omega0In time, the value of the first term on the right side of the equal sign of equation (6) gradually approaches 0, so that the value can be obtained
Figure BDA0001831186220000045
From equation (7), it can be seen that when ω is1Gradually approaches to omega0In the signal output by the phase detection algorithm, the sum frequency signal of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal gradually approaches to zero without a low-pass filter filtering algorithm; and the phase detection algorithm output is only related to the phase difference of the two signals. Through the closed-loop regulation of the PID controller, the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal become signals with the same frequency and phase.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
the excitation signal and the magnetic resonance signal are known to both have a frequency of 30Hz and are co-frequency and co-phased. At the 1 st second, the phase step of the magnetic resonance signal is changed to 1 degree, the phase change curve detected by the phase detection algorithm adopted by the invention is shown as a solid line in the attached figure 3, the step response time is 0.032 second, the phase detected at the steady state is 1 degree, and the peak value is 1.2 milli-degrees. The phase change is detected by adopting the traditional multiplication filtering algorithm, if the same phase detection precision is achieved (namely the peak value of a phase peak is also 1.2 milli-degree in a steady state), the step response time is about 5.7 seconds and is far longer than that of the phase detection algorithm, and the detection experimental result is shown as a dotted line in figure 3.
The method is suitable for the quantum sensor based on the magnetic resonance effect. The method of the invention can be applied to nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes and atomic magnetometers. The method is particularly suitable for the field of quantum sensing detection with higher requirement on measurement bandwidth.

Claims (1)

1. A spin ensemble magnetic resonance phase high-bandwidth high-precision detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
(1) outputting an excitation signal to act on a coil to generate an excitation magnetic field, enabling spin ensemble magnetic resonance, and extracting phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal;
(2) eliminating frequency doubling signals in the phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signals and the excitation signals;
(3) acquiring a phase difference between the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal;
the step (1) comprises the following steps,
magnetic resonance signal V0Is expressed as
V0＝A0sin(ω0t+θ0) (1)
Wherein A is0Is the amplitude, ω0Is the frequency, theta0In order to be the initial phase position,
excitation signal V1Is expressed as
V1＝A1 cos(ω1t+θ1) (2)
Wherein A is1Is the amplitude, ω1Is the frequency, theta1In order to be the initial phase position,
signal V comprising phase difference information of the magnetic resonance signal and the excitation signal2Is expressed as
Figure FDA0003346141310000011
The step (2) comprises the following steps,
for signal V2Delayed by Δ T time from the signal V3Performing subtraction to obtain a signal V4Wherein the delay time DeltaT is 2 pi/omega1Is the output value of PID, the initial value cannot be 0, so the signal V can be obtained4Is expressed as
Figure FDA0003346141310000012
The step (3) comprises the following steps,
signal V4And omega1Multiplying by/2 pi to obtain signal V5Obtaining V5Is expressed as
Figure FDA0003346141310000021
The step (3) comprises the expansion operation of the equation (4), and the obtained result is
Figure FDA0003346141310000022
When ω is1Gradually approaches to omega0In time, the value of the first term on the right side of the equal sign of equation (5) gradually approaches 0, so that the value can be obtained
Figure FDA0003346141310000023
From equation (6), it can be seen that when ω is1Gradually approaches to omega0In the signals output by the phase detection algorithm, the sum frequency signals of the magnetic resonance signals and the excitation signals gradually approach to zero without a low-pass filter filtering algorithm, and the phase detection algorithm output is only related to the phase difference of the two signals.
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