CN111060269B - Real-time visual measuring device and method for deflection of dynamic and static load test of lifting appliance - Google Patents
Real-time visual measuring device and method for deflection of dynamic and static load test of lifting appliance Download PDFInfo
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- CN111060269B CN111060269B CN201911055517.XA CN201911055517A CN111060269B CN 111060269 B CN111060269 B CN 111060269B CN 201911055517 A CN201911055517 A CN 201911055517A CN 111060269 B CN111060269 B CN 111060269B
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- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
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- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time visual measuring device and method for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a vision measuring camera I/II, an image acquisition controller, a telescopic suspension rod I/II, an image processing computer, a vision measuring camera hanging device, a top connecting disc, a loading device, a measuring target assembly and a test piece assembly; the vision measuring camera I/II and the image acquisition controller are arranged on the suspension device of the vision measuring camera; the visual measurement camera hanging device is connected with two ends of the top connecting disc through telescopic hanging rods I/II; the loading device and the test component are respectively arranged above and below the top connecting disc; the measurement target assembly is installed on the test piece assembly. The invention can realize real-time, rapid and high-precision measurement of the deflection of the hanging beam in the dynamic and static load test of the hanger, is suitable for the deflection measurement of dynamic working conditions, and improves the measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dynamic and static load tests of lifting appliances, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring deflection of the dynamic and static load tests of the lifting appliances in real time.
Background
The lifting appliance is an appliance which is used for connecting a crane with a lifted product and meets the lifting requirement of the product. The lifting appliance structure mainly comprises a lifting appliance main body, a lifting ring, a lifting belt, lifting lugs and the like. The main body of most of the lifting appliances is a rigid beam body. The beam is subjected to bending to generate displacement, and the displacement generated by bending deformation is called deflection. According to the national military standard QJ2472.1-1993 beam type lifting appliance universal technical condition, all lifting appliances need to carry out dynamic and static load tests in the development process, the dynamic and static load tests are test items which must be carried out in the checking and accepting process of the lifting appliances, the deflection of the lifting points of a beam body is strictly regulated in the static load tests and the dynamic load tests, and the deflection is not more than l/300 mm-l/1000 mm (l is the span between the lifting points at two ends of the lifting appliance) according to different requirements of the lifting appliance grades. The deflection is one of main indexes for judging whether the lifting appliance is qualified or not and whether the safety coefficient reaches the standard or not.
At present, the deflection measurement of the lifting appliance mainly comprises a steel plate ruler method, a hand-held laser range finder method, a strain calculation method, a magnet suspended ruler method and a tube plate photogrammetry method. The steel plate ruler method adopts a steel plate ruler for measurement, and the deflection of the lifting appliance is obtained through proportional conversion. The handheld laser range finder method adopts the handheld laser range finder to measure the absolute heights of the lifting point and the central point of the main structure of the lifting appliance before and after loading, the corresponding deflection can be calculated, the high method has poor measurement precision, and the dynamic deflection cannot be measured. The strain calculation method utilizes a flexural equation in material mechanics, carries out calculation by measuring the surface strain of the beam body, is an indirect measurement method, and cannot measure the measurement precision. The magnet suspended ruler method is characterized in that a lifting point is deformed and extended to a steel plate ruler through a tool, and the number of readings is calculated through a method of erecting a level gauge on a lift truck. The tube plate photogrammetry method adopts single-camera close-range photogrammetry, a target is pasted on a beam body, a calibration rod is fixed, and deformation is obtained by resolving pictures.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is solved: the device and the method for the real-time visual measurement of the deflection of the hanger in the dynamic and static load test can realize the real-time, quick and high-precision measurement of the deflection of the hanging beam in the dynamic and static load test of the hanger, are suitable for the deflection measurement of dynamic working conditions, and improve the measurement precision.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a deflection real-time vision measuring device for a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance, which comprises: the device comprises a vision measuring camera I, a vision measuring camera II, an image acquisition controller, a telescopic suspension rod I, an image processing computer, a vision measuring camera hanging device, a telescopic suspension rod II, a top connecting disc, a loading device, a measuring target assembly and a test piece assembly;
the vision measuring camera I and the vision measuring camera II are respectively arranged at two ends of the vision measuring camera hanging device, and the image acquisition controller is arranged at the center of the vision measuring camera hanging device; the vision measurement camera I is connected with the image acquisition controller through a control and transmission lead, and the vision measurement camera II is connected with the image acquisition controller through a control and transmission lead;
the image processing computer is connected with the image acquisition controller through a control and transmission wire;
the visual measurement camera hanging device is connected with two ends of the top connecting disc through a telescopic hanging rod I and a telescopic hanging rod II;
the loading device is arranged above the top connecting disc, and the test piece assembly is arranged below the top connecting disc; the loading device is connected with a lifting point of the test piece assembly through a reserved interface right below the top connecting disc;
the measurement target assembly is installed on the test piece assembly.
In the real-time vision measuring device of experimental deflection of above-mentioned hoist live and static load, the testpieces subassembly includes: the hanging beam, four hanging beam upper hanging strips, four hanging beam lower hanging strips and four balance weights; wherein, the hanging beam includes: the two crossed hanging beam supporting rods I and II are arranged;
two ends of the hanging beam support rod I are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point, and two ends of the hanging beam support rod II are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point;
one end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips is connected with a balance weight, and the other end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips is connected with a hanging beam through a hanging beam lower hanging point arranged on the hanging beam support rod I and the hanging beam support rod II;
one ends of the four hanging beam upper hanging strips are respectively connected with the hanging beam through hanging beam upper hanging points arranged on the hanging beam supporting rod I and the hanging beam supporting rod II, and the other ends of the four hanging beam upper hanging strips are intersected into a point to be used as a lifting point of the test piece assembly and connected with the top connecting plate.
In the real-time vision measuring device of experimental deflection of above-mentioned hoist live and static load, measure the target subassembly, include: the measurement target I, the measurement target II, the measurement target III, the measurement target IV and the measurement target V are respectively arranged on the two sides of the measuring target I;
the measuring target I and the measuring target II are respectively stuck to the hanging point positions at the lower part of the hanging beam at the two ends of the hanging beam support rod I;
the measuring target III and the measuring target IV are respectively stuck to the hanging point positions at the lower part of the hanging beam at the two ends of the hanging beam support rod II;
and the measuring target V is adhered to the intersection point of the hanging beam support rod I and the hanging beam support rod II.
In the real-time vision measuring device of experimental deflection of above-mentioned hoist dynamic and static load, still include: and the calibration ruler is used for calibrating the internal and external parameters of the real-time deflection vision measuring device for the dynamic and static load tests of the lifting appliance.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a real-time visual measurement method for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance, which comprises the following steps:
building a real-time visual measuring device for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance;
adjusting the height of the test piece assembly to a set test height;
adjusting the field angles of the vision measuring camera I and the vision measuring camera II to set field positions, and fixing;
controlling an image acquisition controller to obtain an initial image of the measurement target assembly in an unloaded state through an image processing computer;
starting a static load test by controlling a loading device, and shooting and acquiring real-time images of the measurement target assemblies under different states of the test piece assemblies by the vision measurement camera I and the vision measurement camera II in the process of the static load test;
and resolving to obtain the deflection of the hanging beam in the test piece assembly under different loading states according to the initial image and the real-time image.
In the real-time visual measurement method for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance, the real-time visual measurement device for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance comprises the following steps: the device comprises a vision measuring camera I, a vision measuring camera II, an image acquisition controller, a telescopic suspension rod I, an image processing computer, a vision measuring camera hanging device, a telescopic suspension rod II, a top connecting disc, a loading device, a measuring target assembly and a test piece assembly;
the vision measuring camera I and the vision measuring camera II are respectively arranged at two ends of the vision measuring camera hanging device, and the image acquisition controller is arranged at the center of the vision measuring camera hanging device; the vision measurement camera I is connected with the image acquisition controller through a control and transmission lead, and the vision measurement camera II is connected with the image acquisition controller through a control and transmission lead;
the image processing computer is connected with the image acquisition controller through a control and transmission wire;
the visual measurement camera hanging device is connected with two ends of the top connecting disc through a telescopic hanging rod I and a telescopic hanging rod II;
the loading device is arranged above the top connecting disc, and the test piece assembly is arranged below the top connecting disc; the loading device is connected with a lifting point of the test piece assembly through a reserved interface right below the top connecting disc;
the measurement target assembly is installed on the test piece assembly.
In the real-time visual measurement method for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance, the test piece assembly comprises the following steps: the hanging beam, four hanging beam upper hanging strips, four hanging beam lower hanging strips and four balance weights; wherein, the hanging beam includes: the two crossed hanging beam supporting rods I and II are arranged;
two ends of the hanging beam support rod I are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point, and two ends of the hanging beam support rod II are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point;
one end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips is connected with a balance weight, and the other end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips is connected with a hanging beam through a hanging beam lower hanging point arranged on the hanging beam support rod I and the hanging beam support rod II;
one ends of the four hanging beam upper hanging strips are respectively connected with the hanging beam through hanging beam upper hanging points arranged on the hanging beam supporting rod I and the hanging beam supporting rod II, and the other ends of the four hanging beam upper hanging strips are intersected into a point to be used as a lifting point of the test piece assembly and connected with the top connecting plate.
In the real-time visual measurement method for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance, the measurement target assembly comprises the following steps: the measurement target I, the measurement target II, the measurement target III, the measurement target IV and the measurement target V are respectively arranged on the two sides of the measuring target I;
the measuring target I and the measuring target II are respectively stuck to the hanging point positions at the lower part of the hanging beam at the two ends of the hanging beam support rod I;
the measuring target III and the measuring target IV are respectively stuck to the hanging point positions at the lower part of the hanging beam at the two ends of the hanging beam support rod II;
and the measuring target V is adhered to the intersection point of the hanging beam support rod I and the hanging beam support rod II.
In the real-time visual measurement method for the deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance,
the test height is set to satisfy the following conditions: the hanging beam is lifted off the ground, and meanwhile, the lower hanging strips of the four hanging beams are in an unstressed state, namely the four balance weights are not lifted off the ground and are not acted by the lower hanging strips of the four hanging beams;
the set view field position satisfies the following conditions: the measurement target I, the measurement target II, the measurement target III, the measurement target IV and the measurement target V are covered by the visual fields of the visual measurement camera I and the visual measurement camera II.
In the real-time visual measurement method for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance, the method further comprises the following steps: and calibrating the internal and external parameters of the real-time visual measuring device for the deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance through a calibration ruler.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention discloses a real-time visual measurement scheme for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance, which can realize real-time, quick and high-precision measurement of deflection of a lifting beam in the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance, is suitable for deflection measurement under dynamic working conditions, and improves the measurement precision.
(2) The invention discloses a real-time visual measuring scheme for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance, which has the advantages of non-contact type, high precision, dynamic measurement and the like, and the measuring method is simple, universal and easy to implement, can realize rapid measurement on deflection of a lifting beam in the dynamic and static load test process of a beam type lifting appliance, and can also be used for measuring dynamic and static deformation of other similar structures.
(3) The invention discloses a real-time visual measurement scheme for deflection of a hanger in a dynamic and static load test, which adopts a dual-camera suspension method, can realize the follow-up of a camera and the hanger in the dynamic and static load test process, can solve the problem of real-time effective coverage of a measured area of the hanger by a camera view field in the dynamic and static load test process, and does not apply extra load to the hanger and give no extra error to the test.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a real-time visual measuring device for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the real-time visual measurement device for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a spreader includes: the device comprises a vision measurement camera I1, a vision measurement camera II 2, an image acquisition controller 3, a telescopic suspension rod I4, an image processing computer 5, a vision measurement camera hanging device 12, a telescopic suspension rod II 13, a top connecting disc 14, a loading device 19, a measurement target assembly and a test piece assembly.
The connection installation relationship among each part is as follows: the vision measuring camera I1 and the vision measuring camera II 2 are respectively arranged at two ends of the vision measuring camera hanging device 12, and the image acquisition controller 3 is arranged at the center of the vision measuring camera hanging device 12; the vision measurement camera I1 is connected with the image acquisition controller 3 through a control and transmission lead, and the vision measurement camera II 2 is connected with the image acquisition controller 3 through a control and transmission lead; the image processing computer 5 is connected with the image acquisition controller 3 through a control and transmission lead; the visual measurement camera hanging device 12 is connected with two ends of the top connecting disc 14 through a telescopic hanging rod I4 and a telescopic hanging rod II 13; the loading device 19 is arranged above the top connecting disc 14, and the test component assembly is arranged below the top connecting disc 14; the loading device 19 is connected with a lifting point of the test piece assembly through a reserved interface right below the top connecting disc 14; the measurement target assembly is installed on the test piece assembly.
In this embodiment, the test piece assembly may specifically include: a hanging beam 15, four hanging beam upper hanging strips 16, four hanging beam lower hanging strips 17 and four balance weights 18. Wherein, hanging beam 15 includes: two crossing hanging beam supporting rods I151 and II 152.
Preferably: two ends of the hanging beam supporting rod I151 are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point, and two ends of the hanging beam supporting rod II 152 are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point; one end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips 17 is connected with a balance weight 18, and the other end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips is connected with the hanging beam 15 through hanging beam lower hanging points arranged on the hanging beam support rod I151 and the hanging beam support rod II 152; one ends of four hanging beam upper hanging strips 16 are respectively connected with the hanging beam 15 through hanging beam upper hanging strips arranged on the hanging beam supporting rod I151 and the hanging beam supporting rod II 152, and the other ends of the hanging beam upper hanging strips intersect to form a point which is used as a lifting point of the test piece assembly and is connected with the top connecting plate 14.
In this embodiment, the measurement target assembly specifically includes: the device comprises a measurement target I7, a measurement target II 8, a measurement target III 9, a measurement target IV 10 and a measurement target V11.
Preferably: the measuring target I7 and the measuring target II 8 are respectively adhered to the positions of hanging points at the lower parts of the hanging beams at the two ends of the hanging beam support rod I151; the measuring target III 9 and the measuring target IV 10 are respectively adhered to the hanging point positions at the lower parts of the hanging beams at the two ends of the hanging beam supporting rod II 152; and the measuring target V11 is adhered to the intersection point of the hanging beam support rod I151 and the hanging beam support rod II 152.
In this embodiment, the real-time visual measurement device for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance may further include: and the calibration ruler 6 is used for calibrating the internal and external parameters of the real-time visual measuring device for the deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment, the invention also discloses a real-time visual measurement method for deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance, which comprises the following steps:
In this embodiment, the specific structure of the constructed real-time visual measurement device for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance may refer to the description in embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
And 2, adjusting the height of the test piece assembly to a set test height.
In the present embodiment, the set test height satisfies the following condition: the lifting beam 15 is lifted off the ground while the four lifting beam lower suspension straps 17 are in an unstressed state, i.e. the four counterweights 18 are not lifted off the ground and are not acted by the four lifting beam lower suspension straps 17.
And 3, adjusting the field angles of the vision measuring camera I1 and the vision measuring camera II 2 to the set field positions, and fixing.
In the present embodiment, the setting of the field position satisfies the following condition: the measurement target I7, the measurement target II 8, the measurement target III 9, the measurement target IV 10 and the measurement target V11 are covered by the visual fields of the visual measurement camera I1 and the visual measurement camera II 2.
And 4, controlling the image acquisition controller 3 to acquire an initial image of the measurement target assembly in an unloaded state through the image processing computer 5.
And 5, starting a static load test by controlling the loading device, and shooting and acquiring real-time images of the test piece assembly in different states by the vision measuring camera I1 and the vision measuring camera II 2 in the static load test process.
And 6, resolving to obtain the deflection of the hanging beam in the test piece assembly under different loading states according to the initial image and the real-time image.
In this embodiment, the initial images of all the target points in the unloaded state and the real-time images of all the target points can be calculated by the image processing computer, the three-dimensional coordinates of all the target points installed on the test piece assembly at different times are obtained, the relative three-dimensional coordinate change relationship of each target point can be further determined, and the deflection of the suspension beam in different loaded states can be obtained by combining the geometric relationship conversion according to the relative three-dimensional coordinate change relationship of each target point.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for real-time visual measurement of deflection in a dynamic and static load test of a spreader may further include: and calibrating the internal and external parameters of the real-time visual measuring device for the deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance through a calibration ruler.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a real-time vision measuring device of experimental deflection of hoist live and static load which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a vision measurement camera I (1), a vision measurement camera II (2), an image acquisition controller (3), a telescopic suspension rod I (4), an image processing computer (5), a calibration scale (6), a vision measurement camera hanging device (12), a telescopic suspension rod II (13), a top connecting disc (14), a loading device (19), a measurement target assembly and a test piece assembly;
the vision measuring camera I (1) and the vision measuring camera II (2) are respectively arranged at two ends of a vision measuring camera hanging device (12), and the image acquisition controller (3) is arranged at the center of the vision measuring camera hanging device (12); the vision measurement camera I (1) is connected with the image acquisition controller (3) through a control and transmission lead, and the vision measurement camera II (2) is connected with the image acquisition controller (3) through a control and transmission lead; the image processing computer (5) is connected with the image acquisition controller (3) through a control and transmission lead; the visual measurement camera hanging device (12) is connected with the two ends of the top connecting disc (14) through a telescopic hanging rod I (4) and a telescopic hanging rod II (13); the loading device (19) is arranged above the top connecting disc (14), and the test piece assembly is arranged below the top connecting disc (14); the loading device (19) is connected with a lifting point of the test piece assembly through a reserved interface right below the top connecting disc (14);
the measurement target assembly is arranged on the test piece assembly; wherein, the testpieces subassembly includes: a hanging beam (15), four hanging beam upper hanging strips (16), four hanging beam lower hanging strips (17) and four balance weights (18); the suspension beam (15) comprises: the two crossed hanging beam supporting rods I (151) and II (152); two ends of the hanging beam supporting rod I (151) are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point, and two ends of the hanging beam supporting rod II (152) are respectively provided with a hanging beam upper part hanging point and a hanging beam lower part hanging point; one end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips (17) is connected with a balance weight (18), and the other end of each of the four hanging beam lower hanging strips is connected with a hanging beam (15) through hanging beam lower hanging points arranged on a hanging beam support rod I (151) and a hanging beam support rod II (152); one end of each of the four hanging beam upper hanging strips (16) is connected with the hanging beam (15) through a hanging beam upper hanging point arranged on the hanging beam support rod I (151) and the hanging beam support rod II (152), and the other end of each hanging beam upper hanging strip intersects with one point to serve as a lifting point of the test piece assembly and is connected with the top connecting disc (14); the measurement target assembly includes: a measurement target I (7), a measurement target II (8), a measurement target III (9), a measurement target IV (10) and a measurement target V (11); the measuring target I (7) and the measuring target II (8) are respectively stuck to the positions of the hanging points at the lower parts of the hanging beams at the two ends of the hanging beam support rod I (151); the measuring target III (9) and the measuring target IV (10) are respectively stuck at the hanging point positions at the lower part of the hanging beam at the two ends of the hanging beam support rod II (152); the measuring target V (11) is adhered to the intersection point of the hanging beam support rod I (151) and the hanging beam support rod II (152);
and the calibration ruler (6) is used for calibrating the internal and external parameters of the real-time visual measuring device for the deflection of the dynamic and static load test of the lifting appliance.
2. The method for measuring the deflection of the sling dynamic and static load test in real time by using the visual measurement device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
building a real-time visual measuring device for deflection of a dynamic and static load test of a lifting appliance;
adjusting the height of the test piece assembly to a set test height;
calibrating the internal and external parameters of the real-time visual measuring device for the deflection of the hanger in the dynamic and static load test through a calibration ruler (6);
adjusting the field angles of the vision measuring camera I (1) and the vision measuring camera II (2) to set field positions, and fixing;
controlling an image acquisition controller (3) to obtain an initial image of a measurement target assembly in an unloaded state through an image processing computer (5);
starting a static load test by controlling a loading device, and shooting and acquiring real-time images of the measurement target assemblies under different states of the test piece assemblies by a vision measurement camera I (1) and a vision measurement camera II (2) in the process of the static load test;
calculating to obtain the deflection of a hanging beam in the test piece assembly under different loading states according to the initial image and the real-time image;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test height is set to satisfy the following conditions: the hanging beam (15) is lifted off the ground, and meanwhile, the four hanging beam lower hanging strips (17) are in an unstressed state, namely the four balance weights (18) are not lifted off the ground and are not acted by the four hanging beam lower hanging strips (17);
the set view field position satisfies the following conditions: the measurement target I (7), the measurement target II (8), the measurement target III (9), the measurement target IV (10) and the measurement target V (11) are covered by the visual fields of the visual measurement camera I (1) and the visual measurement camera II (2).
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| CN113291489B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-03-07 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Loading device and method suitable for large-deformation undercarriage structure static test |
| CN113513999B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-11-10 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Large-view-field real-time deformation measurement system and method for static test of spacecraft structure |
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