CN111060022A - Laser automatic analysis system and method for deformation of shield underpass structure - Google Patents
Laser automatic analysis system and method for deformation of shield underpass structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111060022A CN111060022A CN201911091900.0A CN201911091900A CN111060022A CN 111060022 A CN111060022 A CN 111060022A CN 201911091900 A CN201911091900 A CN 201911091900A CN 111060022 A CN111060022 A CN 111060022A
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser automatic analysis system for deformation of a shield underpass structure, which comprises: a laser measurement unit: the displacement and/or displacement change rate of the structure can be measured by utilizing the laser optical path difference, and the automatic analysis unit: comparing the displacement and/or the displacement change rate with the corresponding set threshold in the database respectively and outputting a comparison result; the laser measuring unit comprises a wedge-shaped target plate which is attached to the structure and used for reflecting laser, wherein the wedge-shaped target plate is provided with at least two different reflecting angles corresponding to different construction stages, and the at least two different reflecting angles respectively correspond to respective set thresholds, so that the automatic analysis unit can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structure at different construction stages and compare the set thresholds with displacement and/or displacement change rate; the change rate of the laser optical path difference can be changed by at least two different reflection angles at different construction stages of the shield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a laser automatic analysis system and method for deformation of a shield underpass structure.
Background
The shield downward penetration is an important engineering technology for constructing municipal underground space. The shield tunneling machine is adopted to tunnel on the shallow surface of the stratum to form a tunnel capable of laying municipal pipelines, subways and the like. However, existing structures, such as buildings on the earth's surface and tunnels established in the ground, are established on the surface of the city or below the ground. For surface structures, the most important damage to the structure from shield underpassing is the overall subsidence due to surface subsidence. Therefore, how to monitor the displacement of the ground surface structure in the shield tunneling process is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Chinese patent publication No. CN10632292A discloses a method for calculating building settlement caused by shield tunnel construction. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of firstly calculating the ground surface settlement caused by the shield tunnel construction without considering the building, and calculating the displacement of each point in the position where the building is located and a certain range around the building; calculating the foundation reaction force of the Wenckel elastic foundation beam; drawing a surface subsidence curve when the building is considered; the calculated ground surface subsidence without considering the building and the calculated ground surface subsidence with considering the building are drawn on the same graph, and the influence of the rigidity of the building to the building subsidence caused by the shield tunnel is reflected in the calculated ground surface subsidence calculation result; the safety of the building can be judged by comparing the calculation result with the settlement standard; therefore, the method is used for predicting the additional settlement of the building under the influence of shield tunnel excavation and has important significance for safety evaluation of the building.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN108999612A discloses an internet-based subway tunnel construction safety monitoring system. The safety monitoring system comprises: the system comprises a ground settlement monitoring module, a ground building settlement and inclination monitoring module, an underground pipeline monitoring module, a pile foundation underpinning monitoring module, a connection channel and pump house construction monitoring module, a ground vertical displacement and horizontal displacement monitoring module, an underground water level monitoring module, a rock and tunnel structure interaction monitoring module and a segment deformation monitoring module. The monitoring scheme of the invention aims at safety detection, determines the monitored object according to different engineering projects, and carries out scheme design aiming at the main indexes of safety and stability of the monitored object. The arrangement of the monitoring points can comprehensively reflect the working state of the monitored object. The invention reduces the measuring frequency and the detecting elements on the premise of meeting the monitoring performance and the monitoring precision, thereby saving the monitoring cost.
For example, the Chinese patent publication No. CN106295057B discloses a method for predicting surface subsidence caused by earth pressure balance shield earth warehouse earth feeding and discharging, which is characterized in that according to the tunneling data and the surface subsidence data of the shield in the initial tunneling stage, the soil discharging efficiency η and the surface subsidence groove width i of the screw conveyor are calculated back by deducing the relational expression of the shield tunneling parameters (N/v) and the stratum loss caused by shield earth discharging, and the surface subsidence prediction formula of the shield in the next ring of tunneling is established, namely the next ring of tunneling parameters are selected and substituted into the formula for calculation, thereby realizing the prediction of the surface subsidence value.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN106949877A discloses a method for monitoring ground surface settlement above a multi-dimensional shield tunnel. Monitoring three dimensions of building displacement, pavement displacement and soil body displacement; selecting a monitoring object and a corresponding monitoring section within the ground surface settlement range; monitoring the movement of the building using a total station and a prism; monitoring the road surface displacement using a total station and screws; monitoring the self displacement of the soil body by using an inclinometer and a settlement meter; and transmitting the monitoring data to a database, analyzing the self settlement trends of buildings, roads and soil bodies, and sending alarm information by the system when the monitoring value exceeds a preset warning value. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the settlement of the three objects is monitored, so that engineering personnel can comprehensively know the influence of shield work on the surface settlement in the construction process, corresponding measures can be taken timely, and the safety in the construction process is ensured.
The deformation of the structure is closely related to the construction stage. However, in the prior art, the deformation measurement of the structure is performed according to certain human experience, for example, how to monitor the maximum value of the settlement displacement of the structure and how to monitor the change rate of the settlement displacement. Therefore, the following disadvantages may exist in the measurement thereof: the deformation of the structure cannot be measured in a targeted manner in each construction stage, for example, the settlement displacement laws of the structure are different in each construction stage, and targeted measurement and monitoring cannot be implemented.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser automatic analysis system for deformation of a shield underpass structure, which comprises: a laser measurement unit: the displacement and/or displacement change rate of the structure can be measured by utilizing laser optical path difference, and the automatic analysis unit: and respectively comparing the displacement and/or the displacement change rate with a corresponding set threshold value in a database and outputting a comparison result.
In the present invention, the laser measuring unit includes a wedge-shaped target plate 400 attached to the structure for reflecting the laser, and the reflecting surface of the wedge-shaped target plate is a wedge-shaped surface due to the arrangement of the reflection angle, so if the reflection point of the laser changes, the laser path difference is formed by the front and rear two beams of laser, and the displacement change rate (change of displacement with respect to time) of the structure can be calculated according to the geometric relationship.
In the invention, the wedge-shaped target plate has at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, so that the change rate of the laser optical path difference can be changed by the at least two different reflection angles along with the construction process of the shield. According to the measuring mode of the invention: the reflection point of the laser changes along with the settlement of the structure, and the reflection points on different wedge-shaped surfaces can directly change the geometric relation between the laser optical path difference and the settlement displacement, so that the change rate of the laser optical path difference changes along with the construction process of the shield, and the automatic analysis unit can adjust different monitoring forces on the structure according to the change rate. 2. The invention can set a plurality of wedge-shaped target plates on the same structure, measure the laser optical path after passing through the wedge-shaped target plates by emitting a beam of parallel laser light to the wedge-shaped target plates, measure whether the structure is inclined, and measure whether the structure is inclined in a variable frequency manner according to the change rate of the optical path difference of one beam of laser. 3. The reflection angle is set according to the sedimentation rules of the structures at different construction stages, so that the set threshold values of the displacement and/or the displacement change rate and the reflection angle can correspond to each other, and the automatic analysis unit can read the respective set threshold values according to the sedimentation rules of the structures at different construction stages and compare the set threshold values with the displacement and/or the displacement change rate under the condition that the change rate of the laser optical path difference is changed, so that the monitoring modes of different criteria are implemented on the sedimentation of the structures at different construction stages.
The invention provides a laser automatic analysis system and a laser automatic analysis method for deformation of a shield underpass structure, which at least have the following advantages:
1. the reflection angles of the wedge-shaped target plates are different and correspond to different construction stages, so that in the process of structure settlement, the reflection points of laser can change along with the settlement of the structure, the reflection points on different wedge-shaped surfaces can directly change the geometric relation between laser optical path difference and settlement displacement, the change rate of the laser optical path difference can change along with the construction process of the shield, the automatic analysis unit can adjust different monitoring forces on the structure according to the change rate, for example, when the laser optical path difference changes along with time and reaches a preset change rate, the automatic analysis unit increases different monitoring frequencies on the structure.
2. The invention can set a plurality of wedge-shaped target plates on the same structure, measure the laser optical path after passing through the wedge-shaped target plates by emitting a beam of parallel laser to the wedge-shaped target plates, measure whether the structure is inclined, and measure whether the structure is inclined in a variable frequency manner according to the change rate of the optical path difference of one beam of laser.
3. The reflection angle is set according to the settlement rules of the structures at different construction stages, so that the set threshold values of the displacement and/or the change rate of the displacement and the reflection angle can correspond to each other, and the automatic analysis unit can read the respective set threshold values according to the settlement rules of the structures at different construction stages and compare the set threshold values with the displacement and/or the change rate of the displacement under the condition that the change rate of the laser optical path difference changes, so that the monitoring modes with different criteria are implemented on the settlement of the structures at different construction stages, for example, when the change rate of the laser optical path difference along with time reaches the preset change rate, the automatic analysis unit reads the set threshold value of the displacement of the structures corresponding to the preset change rate.
According to a preferred embodiment, the at least two reflection angles are set as follows: establishing a numerical simulation model of shield downward penetration; acquiring a settlement curve of the structure based on a numerical simulation result of the numerical simulation model; and dividing the settlement curve into at least two sections according to the construction stage, respectively calculating the displacement change rate of the structure of the at least two sections, and setting the reflection angle according to the mode that the change rate of the laser optical path difference is matched with the displacement change rate.
According to a preferred embodiment, the set threshold is set at least as follows: dividing the settlement curve into an early-stage settlement curve, a middle-stage settlement curve and a later-stage settlement curve according to the advancing path of the shield cutter head, wherein an early-stage displacement threshold value and/or an early-stage displacement change rate threshold value are/is set on the basis of the early-stage settlement curve; setting a medium displacement threshold value and/or medium displacement change rate displacement based on the medium settlement curve; setting a later displacement threshold and/or a later displacement deformation rate threshold based on the later settlement curve; wherein, earlier stage settlement curve corresponds the shield structure blade disc does not wear extremely the stage of structure, middle stage settlement curve corresponds there the shield structure blade disc is just wearing extremely the stage of structure, later stage settlement curve corresponds the shield structure blade disc has passed the stage of structure.
According to a preferred embodiment, the laser transmitter of the laser measuring unit is capable of emitting at least two parallel laser beams, and the at least two parallel laser beams are reflected to the laser receiver of the laser measuring unit via at least two wedge-shaped target plates attached to different positions of the structure, so that the automatic analyzing unit is capable of calculating a tilt rate of the structure according to a laser stroke of the emitted at least two parallel laser beams for analyzing whether the structure is tilted with respect to the ground, wherein a set threshold of the tilt rate corresponds to the at least two different reflection angles.
According to a preferred embodiment, the laser emission frequency of the laser emitter is configured to: the second measuring frequency of the laser measuring unit when the shield is penetrating to the structure is larger than the first measuring frequency when the shield is not penetrating to the structure; and/or the laser measurement unit is capable of a second measurement frequency when the shield is passed down to the structure that is greater than a third measurement frequency when the shield has passed through the structure.
According to a preferred embodiment, the automatic analysis unit is configured to read the set threshold values in the database in the following manner: under the condition that the laser optical path difference is smaller than or equal to a first laser optical path difference threshold value corresponding to a first reflection angle, the automatic analysis unit reads a first set threshold value corresponding to the first reflection angle; and/or under the condition that the laser optical path difference is greater than a first laser optical path difference threshold value corresponding to the first reflection angle and less than or equal to a second laser optical path difference threshold value corresponding to the second reflection angle, the automatic analysis unit reads a second set threshold value corresponding to the second reflection angle; and/or under the condition that the laser optical path difference is greater than a second laser optical path difference threshold value corresponding to a second reflection angle and less than or equal to a third laser optical path difference threshold value corresponding to a third reflection angle, the automatic analysis unit reads a third set threshold value corresponding to the third reflection angle.
According to a preferred embodiment, the analysis system comprises an alarm unit, which is configured in such a way that: the alarm unit sends out a first alarm signal when the displacement of the structure is greater than or equal to a set threshold value of the displacement of the corresponding construction stage; and/or the alarm unit sends out a second alarm signal when the change rate of the displacement of the structure is larger than or equal to the set threshold value of the change rate of the displacement of the corresponding construction stage.
According to a preferred embodiment, the laser measuring units for measuring the displacements of different structures are respectively in communication connection with the automatic analysis unit to form a local area network, wherein the automatic analysis unit is in communication connection with the database, so that the analysis system can perform big data monitoring on the displacements of at least two different structures during the shield construction process.
According to a preferred embodiment, the invention also discloses a laser automatic analysis method for deformation of the shield underpass structure, which comprises the following steps: measuring the displacement and/or the displacement change rate of the structure by a laser measuring unit based on the laser optical path difference, comparing the displacement and/or the displacement change rate with a corresponding set threshold in a database respectively by an automatic analysis unit, and outputting a comparison result: the laser measuring unit comprises a wedge-shaped target plate which is attached to the structure and used for reflecting laser, wherein the wedge-shaped target plate is provided with at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, and the at least two different reflection angles can change the change rate of the laser optical path difference along with the construction process of the shield; the at least two different reflection angles respectively correspond to respective set thresholds, so that the automatic analysis unit can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structure at different construction stages and compare the set thresholds with the displacement and/or the displacement change rate.
According to a preferred embodiment, the invention discloses a wedge-shaped target plate for measuring the deformation of a shield underpass structure, which is attached to the structure and used for reflecting laser emitted by a laser measuring unit, wherein the wedge-shaped target plate has at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, and the at least two different reflection angles can change the change rate of the laser optical path difference at different construction stages of the shield; the at least two different reflection angles respectively correspond to respective set thresholds, so that the automatic analysis unit can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structure at different construction stages and compare the set thresholds with the displacement and/or the displacement change rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic laser measurement of a system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred wedge-shaped target plate provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first measurement provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second measurement provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third measurement provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a fourth schematic view of the present invention providing a structure that is not tilted;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a fifth measurement of the tilt of a structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a preferred monitoring lan provided by the present invention.
List of reference numerals
100: laser measuring unit 300: database with a plurality of databases
200: the automatic analysis unit 400: wedge-shaped target plate
Detailed Description
This is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-8.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a laser automatic analysis system for deformation of a shield underpass structure, which comprises a laser measuring unit 100 and an automatic analysis unit 200.
The laser measuring unit 100 comprises a laser transmitter, a wedge target plate 400, a laser receiver and a measuring computing device. The measuring and calculating device is at least one of a data server and a service chip with an operation function. The wedge-shaped target plate 400 is made of a material capable of reflecting laser light. With reference to fig. 1, the laser emitter emits laser light to the wedge-shaped target plate 400, and the laser light is reflected to the laser receiver through the wedge-shaped target plate 400, thereby completing one measurement. The wedge target 400 is fixedly mounted to a structure. Since the reflection surface of the wedge-shaped target plate 400 is a wedge surface due to the arrangement of the reflection angle, if the reflection point of the laser changes, the laser path difference Δ s is formed by the front and rear laser beams, and the displacement change rate (change of displacement with respect to time) of the structure can be calculated according to the geometrical relationship. As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the wedge-shaped target plate 400 has three reflection angles, and the geometrical relationship between the laser optical path difference Δ s and the settling displacement Δ h is as follows:
ΔS≤L1，Δh＝ΔS·tanβ1
L1＜ΔS≤L2，Δh＝L1·tanβ1+(ΔS-L1)tanβ2＝Δh1+(ΔS-L1)tanβ2
L2＜ΔS≤L3，Δh＝L1·tanβ1+(L2-L1)·tanβ2+(ΔS-L2)tanβ2＝Δh1+Δh2+(ΔS-L2)tanβ3
in the formula:
L1: the horizontal length of the first reflection wedge surface is also a first laser optical path difference threshold value; Δ h1: the vertical height of the first reflective wedge surface is also the maximum allowed settlement displacement of the first construction stage.
L2: the horizontal length of the second reflection wedge surface is also a second laser optical path difference threshold value; Δ h2: the vertical height of the second reflecting wedge surface is also the second constructionMaximum allowed settling displacement of the stage.
L3: the horizontal length of the third reflection wedge surface is also a third laser optical path difference threshold value; Δ h3: the vertical height of the third reflecting wedge surface is also the maximum allowable sinking displacement of the third construction stage.
The automatic analysis unit 200 is a processor having an arithmetic service function, and is capable of comparing the displacement and/or the rate of change of the displacement with the corresponding set threshold values in the database 300, respectively, and outputting the comparison result. The set threshold includes a set threshold of displacement and a set threshold of rate of change of displacement.
According to the measuring method, 1, because the reflection angles are different, in the structure sedimentation process, the reflection point of laser changes along with the sedimentation of the structure, the reflection point on different wedge surfaces can directly change the geometrical relationship between the laser optical path difference △ s and the sedimentation displacement, so that the change rate of the laser optical path difference △ s can change along with the construction progress, so that the automatic analysis unit 200 can adjust different monitoring of the structure according to the change rate, for example, the change of the laser optical path difference △ s along with the time and the change rate of the laser optical path difference △ s along with the construction progress can be changed, the automatic analysis unit 200 can automatically monitor the change of the structure according to the change rate, and whether the laser optical path difference 200 is set according to the change rate of the laser optical path difference △ s along with the time and the preset change rate, and the change rate of the automatic analysis unit 200 can be set according to the change of the laser optical path difference, and the change of the construction angle of the structure sedimentation rate, so that the automatic analysis unit 200 can automatically monitor the change of the structure sedimentation rate of the structure, and the change of the structural settlement rate of the structure, and the structural settlement rate of the structural settlement of the structural object, and the structural settlement of the structural settlement, and the structural settlement of the structural settlement.
Preferably, the at least two angles of reflection are set as follows:
s1: and establishing a numerical simulation model of shield downward penetration. The numerical simulation model is a mathematical model which is established based on finite element method simulation and is widely applied to the engineering fields of water conservancy engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, bridge engineering, metallurgical engineering and the like. The method is mainly a numerical technique for solving approximate solutions of partial differential equation boundary value problems, most practical problems are difficult to obtain accurate solutions, and finite elements not only have high calculation precision, but also can adapt to various complex shapes, so that the method becomes an effective engineering analysis means. For example, in shield tunneling, the numerical analysis method can simulate the influence of different tunneling speeds of the shield tunneling machine on the disturbance of the adjacent soil body. The numerical analysis may be performed using an existing numerical analysis platform, such as a finite element analysis platform, e.g., ANSYS, ABAQUS, FLAC-3D, LS-Dyna, and MIDAS/GTS. The steps of the numerical analysis model mainly comprise the establishment of a physical model, the establishment of boundary conditions and grid division. The physical model comprises a tunnel rock geometric model, a structural object physical model, a shield machine physical model and a space relation between a structural object and the tunnel. The establishment of the boundary conditions comprises a mechanical model of rock and soil, a mechanical model of a shield machine, a mechanical model of a structure, tunneling parameters of shield joints and the definition of an action relation between the shield machine and the rock and soil. The grid division is to carry out discrete processing on the tunnel rock-soil physical model, the structure physical model and the shield machine physical model.
S2: and acquiring a settlement curve of the structure based on the numerical simulation result of the numerical simulation model. The settlement curve can be obtained by post-processing of a finite element simulation platform. For example, the displacement of the center of gravity of the structure may be extracted as the settlement curve of the structure.
The method comprises the steps of S3, dividing a settlement curve into at least two sections according to a construction stage, dividing the settlement curve into an early settlement curve and a middle settlement curve according to a traveling path of a shield cutter head, dividing the settlement curve into an early settlement curve, a middle settlement curve and a later settlement curve, dividing the settlement curve into the early settlement curve, the early-middle transition settlement curve, the middle-later transition settlement curve and the later settlement curve, preferably, dividing the settlement curve into the early settlement curve, the middle settlement curve and the later settlement curve, wherein the early settlement curve corresponds to a stage when the shield cutter head does not penetrate into the structure, the settlement rule of the stage is slow settlement of the structure, the settlement rule of the middle settlement curve corresponds to a stage when the shield cutter head penetrates into the structure, the settlement rule of the stage is fast settlement of the structure, the settlement displacement of the stage is large, the later curve corresponds to a stage when the shield cutter head has penetrated through the structure, the settlement rule of the stage is slow settlement of the structure, the settlement rule of the structure is small, the settlement rule of the structure is slow settlement, the displacement of the structure is small, the displacement of the structure is effectively monitored, the displacement of the structure, the shield cutter head is monitored by the laser, the laser light has the change rate of the change from the change of the light angle of the light shield cutter head to the change from the light angle of the light shield cutter head to the change of the change from the change of the light of the structure when the light of the light shield cutter head, the light of the structure when the light of the structure when the light of the structure when the light of the structure when the structure is monitored, the structure when the structure is monitored, the structure, the light of the structure, the light of the light.
The position relationship between the shield cutterhead and the structure can be defined as follows: firstly, in a space mathematical model, integrally translating a structure above a tunnel to be preset to form a first virtual structure; then, translating the structure according to the mode that the geometric center or the gravity center of the structure is overlapped with the axis of the preset tunnel to form a second virtual structure, so that the preset tunnel can penetrate through the second virtual structure; secondly, in the process of moving the cutter head, if the cutter head moves into the second virtual structure, the shield cutter head can be described as passing through the structure (the second construction stage); if the cutter head does not move into the second virtual structure, the shield cutter head can be described as not passing through the structure (the first construction stage); if the cutterhead has moved out of the second virtual structure, it may be described that the shield cutterhead has traversed out of the structure (third construction stage).
Preferably, the laser emission frequency of the laser emitter is configured to: the laser measurement unit 100 is capable of a second measurement frequency when the shield is passing to the structure that is greater than the first measurement frequency when the shield is not passing to the structure. And/or the laser measuring unit 100 is capable of a second measuring frequency when the shield is passed down to the structure that is greater than a third measuring frequency when the shield has passed through the structure. For example, as shown in fig. 3, when the reflection point of the laser is located at the first reflection wedge surface (when the shield does not penetrate to the structure), the first measurement frequency of the laser measurement unit 100 is 2 times/h. For example, as shown in fig. 4, when the reflection point of the laser is located at the second reflection wedge surface (when the shield is passing through to the structure), the first measurement frequency of the laser measurement unit 100 is 6 times/h. For example, as shown in fig. 5, when the reflection point of the laser is located at the third reflection wedge surface (when the shield penetrates the structure), the laser measurement unitAccording to the mode, the first measurement frequency of 100 is 3 times/h, the method can be used for monitoring the settlement displacement of the structure in a targeted mode when the shield penetrates the structure, specifically, 1, the change rate of the settlement displacement of the structure along with time when the shield penetrates the structure is larger than that of the settlement displacement of the structure in other construction stages, so that the measurement frequency is improved, the settlement rule can be effectively carved according to recorded data, guidance for adjusting construction parameters such as cutter torque, tunneling speed and support increase is provided for site construction, 2, the second reflection angle β is used for guiding the adjustment of the construction parameters such as cutter torque adjustment, tunneling speed adjustment and support increase, and 22Are respectively greater than the first reflection angle β1And a third angle of reflection β3The large settlement displacement △ s can cause a large laser optical path difference △ h, so that the increase of the measurement frequency of the laser measurement unit 100 when the shield penetrates to the structure is beneficial to improving the measurement precision of the settlement displacement △ s, and secondly, excessive measurement personnel need to be configured on site to measure the structure, so that the measurement engineering personnel can be arranged and scheduled according to the measurement frequency setting of the invention, and the human resource cost is saved.
2-5, the automatic analysis unit 200 is preferably configured to read the set threshold in the database in such a way that the laser path difference △ s is less than or equal to the first reflection angle β1Corresponding first laser optical path difference threshold value L1In case that the automatic analysis unit 200 reads the first reflection angle β1And/or greater than the first reflection angle β at the laser path difference △ s1Corresponding first laser optical path difference threshold value L1And less than or equal to the second reflection angle β2Corresponding second laser optical path difference threshold L2In case that the automatic analysis unit 200 reads the second reflection angle β2And/or greater than a second reflection angle β at the laser path difference △ s2Corresponding second laser optical path difference threshold L2And less than or equal to the third reflection angle β3Corresponding third laser optical path difference threshold L3In case that the automatic analysis unit 200 reads the third reflection angle β3A corresponding third set threshold. The set threshold mainly comprises a displacement threshold and a displacement change rate threshold. For exampleThe first displacement threshold is the maximum allowable subsidence displacement △ h of the first construction stage1Similarly, the second displacement threshold is the maximum allowable subsidence displacement △ h of the second construction stage2For example, when the shield is penetrating below the structure, the automatic analysis unit 200 reads the maximum settlement displacement △ h corresponding to the second construction stage1According to the mode, the automatic analysis unit 200 can judge the displacement of the structure according to different criteria in the first construction stage, the second construction stage and the third construction stage △ h2Greater than △ h1And △ h3So that the automatic analysis unit 200 can give an alarm or early warning for the deformation of the structure according to different implementation criteria at different construction stages of the shield.
The alarm unit is configured in such a way that the alarm unit emits a first alarm signal in case the displacement of the structure is greater than or equal to a set threshold value for the displacement of the corresponding construction phase and/or emits a second alarm signal in case the rate of change of the displacement of the structure is greater than or equal to a set threshold value for the rate of change of the displacement of the corresponding construction phase1And a second displacement change rate as a comparison standard of the displacement of the structure and the displacement change rate, if the displacement of the structure measured by the laser measuring unit 100 is greater than or equal to the corresponding displacementThe alarm unit sends out a first alarm signal, which may be presented on a screen of a command center, to guide the site operation, in case of a set threshold value of the displacement of the construction stage.
Example 2
This embodiment may be a further improvement and/or a supplement to embodiment 1, and repeated contents are not described again. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in whole and/or in part in the context of other embodiments, which can supplement the present embodiment, without resulting in conflict or inconsistency.
Due to the influence of the tunnel trend and the geological conditions, the deformation of the structure includes the inclination of the structure in addition to the settlement of the structure, especially when the shield penetrates below the structure.
Preferably, the laser transmitter of the laser measuring unit 100 is capable of emitting at least two parallel lasers. At least two parallel lasers are reflected to the laser receiver of the laser measuring unit 100 via at least two wedge-shaped target plates attached to different positions of the structure. At least two parallel lasers at least have at least two optical paths correspondingly. For example, two wedge-shaped target plates 400 of the same specification are arranged in the height direction of the structure. As shown in FIG. 6, when the structure is not tilted, the laser optical lengths S of the two parallel laser beams are1＝S2. When the structure is inclined, as shown in fig. 7, the laser optical lengths S of the two parallel laser beams are set1And S2Unequal, the angle of inclination α of the structure relative to the ground after the tilt occurs may be as follows:
α＝arctan(|S1-S2|/H)
wherein, H is the distance between the two parallel lasers in the height direction.
Preferably, in the laser measuring unit 100, the tilt rate of the structure is calculated in accordance with the tangent value of the tilt angle α to represent the tilt rate λ of the structure:
λ＝tanα＝|S1-S2|/H
in this way, the invention also has the following advantages: 1. the first laser beam can measure the displacement change of the structure and can also measure the displacement change of the structure2, the set threshold of the tilt rate may also correspond to at least two different reflection angles, e.g., when the laser path difference △ s is less than or equal to the first reflection angle β1Corresponding first laser optical path difference threshold value L1In case that the automatic analysis unit 200 reads the first reflection angle β1A corresponding first tilt rate setting threshold and/or a first reflection angle β at a laser path difference △ s greater than1Corresponding first laser optical path difference threshold value L1And less than or equal to the second reflection angle β2Corresponding second laser optical path difference threshold L2In case that the automatic analysis unit 200 reads the second reflection angle β2A corresponding second tilt rate setting threshold and/or a second reflection angle β at a laser path difference △ s greater than2Corresponding second laser optical path difference threshold L2And less than or equal to the third reflection angle β3Corresponding third laser optical path difference threshold L3In case that the automatic analysis unit 200 reads the third reflection angle β3The corresponding third slope rate sets a threshold.
Example 3
This embodiment may be a further improvement and/or a supplement to embodiments 1 and 2, and repeated contents are not described again. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in whole and/or in part in the context of other embodiments, which can supplement the present embodiment, without resulting in conflict or inconsistency.
In a shield tunnel construction project, especially in an urban tunnel construction project, the number of structures to be monitored is large, and the distance between the structures is generally small. Therefore, in order to enable the command center or the command sub-center to acquire the on-site monitoring data, it is preferable that the laser measuring units 100 for measuring the displacements of different structures are respectively connected in communication with the automatic analysis unit 200 to form a local area network. For example, the measuring device of the laser measuring unit 100 and the automatic analysis unit 200 may be integrated into one computer. As shown in connection with fig. 8. The automatic analysis unit 200 is in communication with the database 300 so that the analysis system can perform big data monitoring on the displacement of at least two different structures during the shield construction process. Therefore, the system can monitor the big data of the structure in the whole shield construction process in the engineering of constructing the tunnel by one shield. For example, the database 300 may be a cloud server, which may be located in a command center of the whole shield tunnel construction, and all the automatic analysis units 200 may exchange data with the cloud server through a wireless network. The database 300 may also be a fog-end server, which may be a command center located at a certain subway construction site, and is only responsible for monitoring the displacement of the structure in the construction site. The database 300 stores displacement thresholds, displacement change rate thresholds and inclination rate thresholds of different structures in different construction stages in shield construction.
Example 4
This embodiment may be a further improvement and/or a supplement to embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4 and a combination thereof, and repeated details are not repeated. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in whole and/or in part in the context of other embodiments, which can supplement the present embodiment, without resulting in conflict or inconsistency.
Preferably, the setting threshold is set at least as follows:
and dividing the settlement curve into an early-stage settlement curve, a middle-stage settlement curve and a later-stage settlement curve according to the advancing path of the shield cutter head. The curves come from a numerical simulation platform, can effectively guide the field shield construction, and can be used as guide parameters of shield safety construction. Accordingly, the early displacement threshold value and/or the early displacement change rate threshold value is set based on the early settlement curve. And setting a medium displacement threshold value and/or medium displacement change rate displacement based on the medium settlement curve. And setting a later displacement threshold value and/or a later displacement deformation rate threshold value based on the later settlement curve. Displacement deformation rate threshold: the ratio of the difference value of the maximum displacement value and the minimum displacement value to the tunneling time within a certain tunneling time in the same construction stage; or, in the certain tunneling time, the ratio of the difference value between the maximum displacement value and the average displacement value to the tunneling time. Wherein, the early-stage settlement curve corresponds to a stage (a first construction stage) when the shield cutter head does not penetrate to the structure. The stage settlement curve corresponds to a stage (second construction stage) in which the shield cutter head is penetrating to the structure. And the later settlement curve corresponds to a stage (third construction stage) when the shield cutter head passes through the structure. And acquiring a sinking curve of the structure in the process of simulating the shield penetration based on the numerical analysis result. Effectively, the mid-term subsidence curve includes a stage in which the shield cutterhead is passing through the structure, and may also include a stage in which part of the shield cutterhead has not passed through the structure (mainly determined by calculating the displacement change rate of the subsidence curve, and determined according to the inflection point in mathematics) and/or a stage in which the shield cutterhead has passed through the structure (mainly determined by calculating the displacement change rate of the subsidence curve, and determined according to the inflection point in mathematics). And the later sinking curve corresponds to the stage that the shield cutter head passes through the structure. And setting a previous deformation rate threshold value based on the previous sinking curve. And setting a medium-term deformation rate threshold value based on the medium-term subsidence curve. And setting a later deformation rate threshold value based on the later sinking curve. During the actual shield tunneling process, the settling rates of the structures are different at each tunneling stage. And, the sedimentation rate of the structure is the fastest in the process of the shield crossing the structure. Thus, the early deformation rate threshold and the late deformation rate threshold are less than the medium deformation rate threshold. According to the mode, deformation of the structure is monitored in stages and different protection schemes are implemented according to the settlement development characteristics of the structure in different stages of the numerical simulation result, and then corresponding construction parameter adjustment and protection scheme adjustment are carried out on settlement in the construction process according to the monitoring result, so that deformation control of the structure in each downward-penetrating stage is effectively guaranteed.
Example 5
The embodiment discloses a laser automatic analysis method for deformation of a shield underpass structure, and under the condition of not causing conflict or contradiction, the whole and/or part of the contents of the preferred embodiments of other embodiments can be used as a supplement of the embodiment.
Preferably, the method comprises:
measuring the displacement and/or the displacement change rate of the structure by the laser measuring unit 100 based on the laser optical path difference;
the automatic analysis unit 200 compares the displacement and/or the rate of change of the displacement with the corresponding set threshold values in the database 300, and outputs the comparison result; further, preferably, the laser measuring unit 100 may also measure a tilt rate of the structure, and the database 300 further includes a tilt rate threshold;
preferably, the laser measuring unit 100 includes a wedge-shaped target plate 400 attached to the structure for reflecting the laser light;
the wedge-shaped target plate 400 has at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, and the at least two different reflection angles can change the change rate of the laser optical path difference along with the construction process of the shield.
At least two different reflection angles respectively correspond to respective set thresholds, so that the automatic analysis unit 200 can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structures at different construction stages and compare the set thresholds with the displacement and/or the displacement change rate.
Example 6
The embodiment discloses a wedge-shaped target plate 400 for measuring the deformation of a shield underpass structure. In addition to the preferred embodiments, other embodiments can be used in whole or in part to supplement the present embodiments without causing any conflict or conflict.
A wedge-shaped target plate 400 is attached to the structure for reflecting the emitted laser light in the laser measuring unit 100. The wedge-shaped target plate 400 has at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, and the at least two different reflection angles can change the change rate of the laser optical path difference at different construction stages of the shield. At least two different reflection angles respectively correspond to respective set thresholds, so that the automatic analysis unit 100 can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structures at different construction stages and compare the set thresholds with the displacement and/or the displacement change rate.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a preferred wedge target 400 is provided with three reflection angles β1、β2、β3Wherein:
β1corresponding to the early-stage settlement curve of the structure without penetrating the structure;
β2correspond toThe structure is penetrated into the structure and corresponds to the mid-term settlement curve of the structure;
β3corresponding to the structure having passed through the structure, corresponds to the late settling curve of the structure.
Wherein, β2Greater than β1、β2Greater than β3。The method has the advantages that 1, when the corresponding shield cutterhead of the structure penetrates below the structure, the displacement change rate corresponding to the change of a small laser optical path difference △ s can be larger than the change of the shield cutterhead when the corresponding shield cutterhead does not penetrate below the structure, and the sensitivity of the laser measuring unit 100 is sequentially improved, so that the small laser optical path difference △ s can be effectively used for monitoring the displacement change of the structure, 2, when the automatic analysis unit 200 receives the small change rate of the laser optical path difference △ s, the monitoring state when the shield cutterhead penetrates below the structure can be automatically switched to the monitoring state, the monitoring density of the laser measuring unit 100 can be improved, and the displacement threshold value of the structure and the change rate threshold value of the displacement when the shield cutterhead penetrates below the structure are set.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A shield constructs laser automation analytic system that wears structure deformation down, includes:
laser measurement unit (100): which is capable of measuring the displacement and/or rate of change of displacement of the structure using laser optical path differences,
automatic analysis unit (200): comparing the displacement and/or the displacement change rate with corresponding set thresholds in a database (300) respectively and outputting a comparison result;
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the laser measuring unit (100) comprises a wedge-shaped target plate (400) attached to the structure for reflecting laser light,
the wedge-shaped target plate (400) is provided with at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, so that the at least two different reflection angles can change the change rate of the laser optical path difference along with the construction process of the shield;
wherein the at least two different reflection angles correspond to respective set thresholds, respectively, so that the automatic analysis unit (200) can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structure at different construction stages and compare the respective set thresholds with the displacement and/or the rate of change of the displacement.
2. The analysis system of claim 1, wherein the at least two reflection angles are set as follows:
establishing a numerical simulation model of shield downward penetration;
acquiring a settlement curve of the structure based on a numerical simulation result of the numerical simulation model;
and dividing the settlement curve into at least two sections according to the construction stage, respectively calculating the displacement change rate of the structure of the at least two sections, and setting the reflection angle according to the mode that the change rate of the laser optical path difference is matched with the displacement change rate.
3. An analysis system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the set threshold is set at least as follows:
dividing the settlement curve into an early-stage settlement curve, a middle-stage settlement curve and a later-stage settlement curve according to the advancing path of the shield cutter head,
setting a previous displacement threshold value and/or a previous displacement change rate threshold value based on the previous sedimentation curve;
setting a medium displacement threshold value and/or medium displacement change rate displacement based on the medium settlement curve;
setting a later displacement threshold and/or a later displacement deformation rate threshold based on the later settlement curve;
wherein the early-stage settlement curve corresponds to a stage that the shield cutter head does not penetrate to the structure,
the middle-term settlement curve corresponds to a stage when the shield cutter head is penetrating to the structure,
and the later stage settlement curve corresponds to the stage when the shield cutter head passes through the structure.
4. Analysis system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser transmitter of the laser measuring unit (100) is capable of emitting at least two parallel laser beams, which are reflected to the laser receiver of the laser measuring unit (100) via at least two wedge-shaped target plates attached to different positions of the structure, so that the automatic analysis unit (200) is capable of calculating the tilt rate of the structure from the laser stroke emitting the at least two parallel laser beams for analyzing whether the structure is tilted with respect to the ground,
wherein the set threshold value of the tilt rate corresponds to the at least two different reflection angles.
5. Analysis system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the laser emission frequency of the laser emitter is configured to:
the laser measurement unit (100) is capable of a second measurement frequency when the shield is being passed to the structure being greater than a first measurement frequency when the shield is not being passed to the structure; and/or
The laser measurement unit (100) is capable of a second measurement frequency when the shield is passed down to the structure that is greater than a third measurement frequency when the shield has passed through the structure.
6. Analysis system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the automatic analysis unit (200) is configured to read set thresholds in the database in such a way that:
less than or equal to a first reflection angle (β) at the laser optical path difference (Δ s)1) Corresponding first laser optical path difference threshold value (L)1) In case the automatic analysis unit (200) reads the first reflection angle (β)1) A corresponding first set threshold; and/or
Greater than the first reflection angle (β) at the laser optical path difference (Δ s)1) Corresponding first laser optical path difference threshold value (L)1) And less than or equal to the second reflection angle (β)2) Corresponding second laser optical path difference threshold value (L)2) In case the automatic analysis unit (200) reads the second reflection angle (β)2) A corresponding second set threshold; and/or
When the laser optical path difference (Δ s) is larger than a second reflection angle (β)2) Corresponding second laser optical path difference threshold value (L)2) And less than or equal to the third angle of reflection (β)3) Corresponding third laser optical path difference threshold value (L)3) In case the automatic analysis unit (200) reads the third reflection angle (β)3) A corresponding third set threshold.
7. Analysis system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the analysis system comprises an alarm unit, which alarm unit is configured in such a way that:
the alarm unit sends out a first alarm signal when the displacement of the structure is greater than or equal to a set threshold value of the displacement of the corresponding construction stage; and/or
And under the condition that the change rate of the displacement of the structure is greater than or equal to the set threshold value of the change rate of the displacement of the corresponding construction stage, the alarm unit sends out a second alarm signal.
8. Analytical system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that laser measuring units (100) for measuring the displacements of different structures are each communicatively connected to an automatic analysis unit (200) to form a local area network,
wherein the automatic analysis unit (200) is in communication connection with the database (300) so that the analysis system can perform big data monitoring on the displacement of at least two different structures in the shield construction process.
9. A laser automatic analysis method for deformation of a shield underpass structure comprises the following steps:
measuring the displacement and/or rate of change of displacement of the structure by a laser measuring unit (100) based on the laser path difference,
comparing, by an automatic analysis unit (200), the displacements and/or the rates of change of the displacements with respective set thresholds in a database (300) and outputting comparison results:
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the laser measuring unit (100) comprises a wedge-shaped target plate (400) attached to the structure for reflecting laser light,
the wedge-shaped target plate (400) is provided with at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, and the change rate of the laser optical path difference can be changed along with the construction process of the shield;
wherein the at least two different reflection angles correspond to respective set thresholds, respectively, so that the automatic analysis unit (200) can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structure at different construction stages and compare the respective set thresholds with the displacement and/or the rate of change of the displacement.
10. A wedge-shaped target plate (400) for measuring the deformation of a shield underpass structure,
the wedge-shaped target plate (400) is attached to the structure for reflecting the emitted laser light in the laser measuring unit (100),
the wedge-shaped target plate (400) is provided with at least two different reflection angles corresponding to different construction stages, and the change rate of the laser optical path difference can be changed by the at least two different reflection angles at different construction stages of the shield;
wherein the at least two different reflection angles correspond to respective set thresholds, respectively, so that the automatic analysis unit (100) can read the respective set thresholds according to the settlement rules of the structure at different construction stages and compare the respective set thresholds with the displacement and/or the rate of change of the displacement.
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