CN111058925A - 一种柴油机机外净化*** - Google Patents

一种柴油机机外净化*** Download PDF

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CN111058925A
CN111058925A CN201911182218.2A CN201911182218A CN111058925A CN 111058925 A CN111058925 A CN 111058925A CN 201911182218 A CN201911182218 A CN 201911182218A CN 111058925 A CN111058925 A CN 111058925A
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exhaust
catalytic reduction
gas recirculation
diesel engine
exhaust gas
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张艳山
闫守成
李福荣
高迎春
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Huanghuai University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种柴油机机外净化***，它将颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***有机的结合在一起，通过多路传感器与ECU的相互配合对各部分进行控制，从而起到了对柴油机尾气起到了彻底和完善的净化；同时，本发明提出了在柴油机的排气***内设置多路净化***，可以不间断的对发动机燃烧废气进行处理，同样达到彻底和完善的净化效果。

Description

一种柴油机机外净化***
技术领域
本发明涉及到柴油机的炭烟和颗粒处理装置，具体来说是一种柴油机机外净化***。
背景技术
柴油机是燃烧柴油来获取能量的发动机，它具有扭矩大、经济性能好等优点，但是柴油机在工作过程中也具备一些弊端，如其噪声和振动均比较高，炭烟和颗粒排放比较严重，现行的柴油机在应用中均设有相应的炭烟和颗粒处理装置或***，来对柴油机的排放进行处理，以减少柴油机尾气对环境的污染。随着当下对环境保护要求的逐步提升，柴油机的排放问题也成为了制约其进一步发展的关键问题。
目前，对于柴油机的炭烟和颗粒处理的主要装置和***有颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***等方式。颗粒捕捉器简称DPF，它是安装在柴油发动机排放***中的陶瓷过滤器，可以在微粒排放物质进入大气之前将其捕捉；催化还原***是柴油发动机废气处理中的一种重要方式，在柴油机的废气处理中我们一般选用的是选择性催化还原法，简称SCR，它是在尿素水溶液的作用下对废气中的氮氧化物进行处理；废气再循环***简称EGR，它是把发动机排出的部分废气回送到进气管，使之与新鲜混合气一起再次进入气缸，由于废气中含有大量的二氧化碳等多原子气体，而二氧化碳等气体不能燃烧却由于其比热容高而吸收大量的热，使气缸中混合气的最高燃烧温度降低，从而减少了氮氧化物的生成量。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种柴油机机外净化***，它将颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***有机的结合在一起，通过多路传感器与ECU的相互配合对各部分进行控制，从而起到了对柴油机尾气起到了彻底和完善的净化；同时，本发明提出了在柴油机的排气***内设置多路净化***，可以不间断的对发动机燃烧废气进行处理，同样达到彻底和完善的净化效果。
本发明实现上述目的采用以下技术方案：
一种柴油机机外净化***，它包括颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***，所述的颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***依次设于柴油机的排气管路中；所述的催化还原***和废气再循环***之间还设有氧化型催化器，所述的颗粒捕捉器和催化还原***之间设有尿素罐和用于控制尿素喷射的尿素喷射控制器，所述的尿素罐设于颗粒捕捉器和催化还原***之间的排气管路的支路上，尿素罐对应和催化还原***之间还设有干燥处理装置；所述颗粒捕捉器的两端分别设有排气背压传感器，所述的尿素罐对应的排气管路的前部设有氮氧化物传感器；所述的排气背压传感器、氮氧化物传感器、尿素喷射控制器和废气再循环***通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
所述的废气再循环***包括设在排气管路和发动机进气管路之间的支管，所述的支管上设有电控阀和冷却器，所述的电控阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
所述的颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***设有相互并联的两组，每组颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***组成对应的排气分管；排气分管上设有电磁气门阀；所述的电磁气门阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
进一步的，所述的颗粒捕捉器设有相互并联的两组，所述的催化还原***和废气再循环***设有一组；所述颗粒捕捉器前部的排气分管上设有电磁气门阀，电磁气门阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU，所述的电磁气门阀对排气的流向进行控制。
本发明采用上述技术方案具有以下有益效果：
采用多种处理方式相结合的形式可以对柴油机的尾气进行高效的处理，大大降低了柴油机排气中有害物质的含量，实现了高度净化的效果。
设置两路或者多路颗粒捕捉器的形式，可以在单路颗粒捕捉器出现饱和需要再生的过程中也不至于中断处理，保证了排气处理的持续性。
多路传感器联合处理和控制的形式，可以保证处理***根据实际情况进行合理有效的处理，尤其对催化还原***中的喷射尿素的环节来说，可以精确的控制尿素的喷射量，防止尿素喷射过多或过少对排气处理***中造成影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
如图1所示的一种柴油机机外净化***，它包括颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***，所述的颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***依次设于柴油机的排气管路中；所述的催化还原***和废气再循环***之间还设有氧化型催化器，所述的颗粒捕捉器和催化还原***之间设有尿素罐和用于控制尿素喷射的尿素喷射控制器，所述的尿素罐设于颗粒捕捉器和催化还原***之间的排气管路的支路上，尿素罐对应和催化还原***之间还设有干燥处理装置；所述颗粒捕捉器的两端分别设有排气背压传感器，所述的尿素罐对应的排气管路的前部设有氮氧化物传感器；所述的排气背压传感器、氮氧化物传感器、尿素喷射控制器和废气再循环***通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
所述的废气再循环***包括设在排气管路和发动机进气管路之间的支管，所述的支管上设有电控阀和冷却器，所述的电控阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
所述的颗粒捕捉器设有相互并联的两组，所述的催化还原***和废气再循环***设有一组；所述颗粒捕捉器前部的排气管路上设有电磁气门阀，电磁气门阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU，所述的电磁气门阀对排气的流向进行控制。
每个排气分管中安装有一个电控气门阀，在排气过程中有一个气门是开启的，而另一个是关闭的，这时开启的那个排气分管的颗粒捕捉器开始用它的多孔陶瓷的内在结构吸附排气中的微粒，随着微粒的累积，排气分管两端的压差越来越大，这个排气管末端的排气背压传感器将压差的数据反馈给ECU，当压差的数值大于ECU的设定值时，ECU发出脉冲指令，输出脉冲电流，使得这个电控电磁气门阀关闭，另一个电磁气门阀开启。然后，对被关闭的那个排气分管的颗粒捕捉器前端喷入一定量的燃油，对微粒进行燃烧再生。此时，氮氧化物传感器将氮氧化物的浓度信号传给汽车的ECU，对电控尿素喷射控制器发出指令，向催化还原***喷入一定量的尿素水溶液。不然，尿素水溶液过少，导致氮氧化物不能得到彻底的还原；尿素水溶液过多，导致装置下端的氧化型催化器的负荷过大，降低装置的使用寿命，同时浪费尿素原料。然后空气经过干燥处理，就可以将排气中的水分吸收，降低硫酸盐生成量。在这个同时，节气门位置传感器和氮氧化物传感器分别将油门踏板位置和氮氧化物的浓度反馈给ECU，以控制电控冷却废气再循环***中的电控阀，综合控制废气再循环率，降低氮氧化物的生成，这样就能达到降低污染物排放的目的。

Claims (4)

1.一种柴油机机外净化***，它包括颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***，其特征在于：所述的颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***依次设于柴油机的排气管路中；所述的催化还原***和废气再循环***之间还设有氧化型催化器，所述的颗粒捕捉器和催化还原***之间设有尿素罐和用于控制尿素喷射的尿素喷射控制器，所述的尿素罐设于颗粒捕捉器和催化还原***之间的排气管路的支路上，尿素罐对应和催化还原***之间还设有干燥处理装置；所述颗粒捕捉器的两端分别设有排气背压传感器，所述的尿素罐对应的排气管路的前部设有氮氧化物传感器；所述的排气背压传感器、氮氧化物传感器、尿素喷射控制器和废气再循环***通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种柴油机机外净化***，其特征在于：所述的废气再循环***包括设在排气管路和发动机进气管路之间的支管，所述的支管上设有电控阀和冷却器，所述的电控阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种柴油机机外净化***，其特征在于：所述的颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***设有相互并联的两组，每组颗粒捕捉器、催化还原***和废气再循环***组成对应的排气分管；排气分管上设有电磁气门阀；所述的电磁气门阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种柴油机机外净化***，其特征在于：所述的颗粒捕捉器设有相互并联的两组，所述的催化还原***和废气再循环***设有一组；所述颗粒捕捉器前部的排气分管上设有电磁气门阀，电磁气门阀通过线路连接到汽车的ECU，所述的电磁气门阀对排气的流向进行控制。
CN201911182218.2A 2019-11-27 2019-11-27 一种柴油机机外净化*** Pending CN111058925A (zh)

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CN104870797A (zh) * 2012-12-24 2015-08-26 斗山英维高株式会社 废气再循环装置及其控制方法
CN106062331A (zh) * 2014-02-28 2016-10-26 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 排气处理***及用于处理排气流的方法
CN107747505A (zh) * 2017-08-16 2018-03-02 江苏大学 一种利用发动机排气交替再生dpf的***及控制方法
CN208252178U (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-12-18 上海倍绿环保科技有限公司 柴油机颗粒捕集器dpf快速加载装置
CN109944665A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-06-28 河南科技大学 尾气后处理装置、scr前排气温度控制***及其控制方法
CN211500756U (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-09-15 黄淮学院 一种柴油机机外净化***

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104870797A (zh) * 2012-12-24 2015-08-26 斗山英维高株式会社 废气再循环装置及其控制方法
CN106062331A (zh) * 2014-02-28 2016-10-26 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 排气处理***及用于处理排气流的方法
CN107747505A (zh) * 2017-08-16 2018-03-02 江苏大学 一种利用发动机排气交替再生dpf的***及控制方法
CN208252178U (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-12-18 上海倍绿环保科技有限公司 柴油机颗粒捕集器dpf快速加载装置
CN109944665A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-06-28 河南科技大学 尾气后处理装置、scr前排气温度控制***及其控制方法
CN211500756U (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-09-15 黄淮学院 一种柴油机机外净化***

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