CN111058841A - Hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system and method based on magnetic proppant - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system and method based on magnetic proppant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system based on a magnetic proppant, which comprises: the device comprises an electromagnetic signal exciter, a signal acquisition processor, a sand truck, a liquid storage tank, a sand mixer truck, a fracturing truck and an underground integrated transmitting and receiving device; the sand conveying vehicle is respectively connected with the sand mixing vehicle through a first pipeline and the liquid storage tank through a second pipeline; the fracturing blender truck is connected with a fracturing truck through a third pipeline, and the fracturing truck is connected with a wellhead of a vertical shaft through a fourth pipeline; one end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is an electromagnetic transmitter, the other end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is an electromagnetic receiver, the electromagnetic receiver comprises three receiving points, each receiving point is provided with two sub-receivers, the electromagnetic transmitter is connected with a low-frequency electromagnetic excitation instrument arranged on the ground through an exciter cable, and the electromagnetic receiver is connected with a data acquisition and processing system arranged on the ground through a receiving cable. The invention adopts near-well monitoring, has small signal attenuation, relatively low cost, simple measurement process, high feasibility and easy popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil-gas field development engineering, and particularly relates to a hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system and method for inverting fracture parameters by using an electromagnetic method by filling a hydraulic fracturing fracture with a magnetic proppant so as to form an electromagnetic abnormal body different from a background stratum.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing is an important measure for increasing the yield and the injection of oil and gas reservoirs, particularly unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and the accurate monitoring of the fracture morphology and the fracture volume is an important guarantee for subsequent development. Currently, real-time monitoring of the fracturing process is enabled in the field, such as microseismic methods, and fracture volumes calculated therefrom are used to guide subsequent development. However, field applications indicate that the predicted capacity based on the microseismic monitored fracture modification Volume (SRV) and the actual capacity compliance of the fractured well are low because the proppant filled unclosed fracture Volume after fracturing rather than the modified Volume of the fracture contributes the vast majority of the capacity. This situation has prompted the industry and academia to turn to a fracture imaging technique that can directly describe proppant distribution, resulting in Effective Propped Volume (EPV), and thus more accurate post-compression performance prediction.
At present, the hydraulic fracture monitoring methods mainly comprise underground micro-seismic monitoring, inclinometer fracture monitoring, distributed acoustic sensing fracture monitoring and the like, and are widely applied to the field. While relatively few methods are available to monitor propped fractures, there are some near-wellbore fracture monitoring methods that typically incorporate a material with certain properties, such as radioactive thermal neutrons, isotopic tracers, etc., into the proppant, but due to their own limitations, such as: the radioactivity harmful to human bodies exists, the detection distance is short, the detection time is limited, and the like, so that the method is not widely applied. The novel detection method introduced by the invention adopts the conductive propping agent with electromagnetic property, and the electric conductivity or magnetic conductivity of the conductive propping agent is obviously superior to that of the stratum. Under the condition of a low-frequency emission source, the penetrating power of electromagnetic waves is strong, so that the detection distance is long, and the detection time is not limited. After the proppant-like fill fracture, the propped volume forms an electromagnetic anomaly. At present, research methods for monitoring magnetotelluric anomalies comprise Cross-well Electromagnetic Tomography (Cross-well Electromagnetic Tomography), Controlled-Source Electromagnetic monitoring (Controlled-Source Electromagnetic) and the like, but the methods are suitable for monitoring large-scale anomalies such as oil-gas enrichment areas, special structures and the like, and a near-well monitoring method with higher precision is needed for fracturing fracture anomaly with smaller scale and higher discrete degree. A hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system and method based on magnetic proppant are introduced, and due to the fact that received signals are excited in a shaft, signal attenuation is low, and researches show that the hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system is sensitive to fracture shape changes. Under the action of an electromagnetic emission source, an instrument is continuously moved in a shaft, a receiving unit obtains secondary scattered field signals formed by fracture abnormal bodies, and then the signals are explained and inverted to obtain fracture parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the conventional hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring methods such as microseism monitoring and the like are difficult to obtain the effective supporting fracture volume, the invention provides a hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system and method based on a magnetic propping agent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydraulic fracture parameter inversion system based on magnetic proppant, comprising: the device comprises an electromagnetic signal exciter, a signal acquisition processor, a sand truck, a liquid storage tank, a sand mixer truck, a fracturing truck and an underground integrated transmitting and receiving device; wherein: the sand conveying vehicle is respectively connected with the sand mixing vehicle through a first pipeline and the liquid storage tank through a second pipeline; the fracturing blender truck is connected with a fracturing truck through a third pipeline, and the fracturing truck is connected with a wellhead of a vertical shaft through a fourth pipeline; one end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is an electromagnetic transmitter, the other end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is an electromagnetic receiver, the electromagnetic receiver comprises three receiving points, each receiving point is provided with two sub-receivers, the electromagnetic transmitter is connected with a low-frequency electromagnetic excitation instrument arranged on the ground through an exciter cable, and the electromagnetic receiver is connected with a data acquisition and processing system arranged on the ground through a receiving cable.
The method for inverting the parameters of the hydraulic fracturing fracture based on the magnetic proppant is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: arranging a construction site;
step two: implementing fracturing;
step three: exciting a crack secondary induction electromagnetic field and receiving signals;
step four: data processing is carried out, and reservoir background induction signals are eliminated;
step five: inversion of fracture azimuth, length and height
Step six: fracture morphology description.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting near-well monitoring, the signal attenuation is small, and more accurate signals can be obtained in a larger monitoring range;
2. compared with surrounding strata, the propped fracture filled with the conductive propping agent has outstanding electromagnetic properties, strong secondary induction signals and can obviously distinguish the position of the fracture so as to monitor each parameter of the fracture;
3. the measurement data is accurate, the measurement result is high in precision, the length, the height and other parameters can be accurate to meters, and the error is relatively small;
4. the measured signal can be processed by a certain algorithm to filter the influence of a background electromagnetic field, and the influence of the initial field is small;
5. the underground moving tool is designed integrally, all parameters can be measured by moving in the well once, and the underground moving tool is relatively low in cost, simple in measuring process, high in feasibility and easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracture parameter inversion system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a wellbore and fracture (with three fracture parameters labeled height H (height), length L (length), and azimuth A (azimuth));
FIG. 3 is a forward simulation result of the case where the emission source plane is perpendicular to the X-axis and only the size of the crack azimuth angle is changed; the size of the fracture azimuth angle parameter can be monitored according to the signal inversion;
FIG. 4 is a forward simulation result of varying only the crack height when the emission source plane is perpendicular to the Z-axis; fracture height parameters can be monitored from such signal inversion;
FIG. 5 is a forward simulation of the case where the emission source plane is perpendicular to the Z-axis, with only the crack length being changed; fracture length parameters can be monitored from such signal inversion;
FIGS. 6A-E are forward simulation results of signal comparisons of opposite azimuthal angles when the emission source plane is perpendicular to the M-axis (the M-axis is formed by rotating the Z-axis 45 degrees counterclockwise in the XZ plane); the sign of the fracture azimuth parameter can be monitored according to the signal inversion;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of objective function descent for a two-stage inversion (first stage inversion azimuth, second stage inversion length and height);
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an integrated three-axis transmitter-three receiver instrument;
FIG. 9 shows the true values, inversion result values, and errors for each inversion case;
in the figure: 1. an electromagnetic signal exciter; 2. a signal acquisition processor; 3. a vertical well; 4. a sand conveying vehicle; 5. a liquid storage tank; 6. a sand mixing truck; 7. a fracturing truck; 8. a horizontal well bore; 9. the underground integrated transmitting and receiving device; 10. cracking; 11. an exciter cable; 12. receiving a cable; 13. a first pipeline; 14. a second pipeline; 15. a third pipeline; 16. a fourth pipeline; 17. a reservoir.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a horizontal well bore 8 is located in the reservoir, in connection with the vertical well bore 3; a hydraulic fracture parameter inversion system based on magnetic proppant, comprising: the system comprises an electromagnetic signal exciter 1, a signal acquisition processor 2, a sand carrier 4, a liquid storage tank 5, a sand mixer 6, a fracturing truck 7 and an underground integrated transmitting and receiving device 9; wherein: the sand carrier 4 is respectively connected with the sand mixer 6 through a first pipeline 13 and the liquid storage tank 5 through a second pipeline 14; the fracturing blender truck 6 is connected with the fracturing truck 7 through a third pipeline 15, and the fracturing truck 7 is connected with the wellhead of the vertical shaft 3 through a fourth pipeline 16.
One end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 is an electromagnetic transmitter, the other end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is an electromagnetic receiver, the electromagnetic receiver has three receiving points of Rx1, Rx2 and Rx3, and each receiving point is provided with two sub receivers which are Rx11, Rx12, Rx21, Rx22, Rx31 and Rx32 respectively; the electromagnetic transmitter is connected with a low-frequency electromagnetic excitation instrument 1 arranged on the ground through an exciter cable 11, and the electromagnetic receiver is connected with a data acquisition and processing system 2 arranged on the ground through a receiving cable 12.
The sand truck 4 stores magnetic propping agent, the magnetic propping agent is formed by mixing, coating, balling and polishing minerals with certain strength and magnetized minerals with high conductivity and magnetism according to a certain proportion; the liquid storage tank 5 stores fracturing fluid, the fracturing blender truck 6 is internally provided with a cross-linking agent and a fracturing blender device, and the fracturing blender truck 7 is internally provided with a high-pressure pump set.
When fracturing is started, fracturing fluid in the liquid storage tank 5 enters the fracturing blender truck 6 through the second pipeline 14, enters the high-pressure pump set on the fracturing blender truck 7 through the third pipeline 15 for pressurization, enters the wellhead of the vertical well shaft 3 through the fourth pipeline 16, moves downwards along the shaft to reach the horizontal well shaft 8, finally reaches the target fracture position of the reservoir 18 and presses the hydraulic fracturing fracture 10 to finish the fracture building.
After the fracturing is completed, the sand truck 4 and the liquid storage tank 5 are opened, the magnetic propping agent and the fracturing fluid are mixed in the sand mixing truck 6, the cross-linking agent is added to form sand carrying fluid, the sand carrying fluids with different magnetic strengths are obtained by adjusting the proportion of the magnetic propping agent and the fracturing fluid, a valve of the sand mixing truck 6 is opened, the sand carrying fluid is pumped into the fracturing truck 7 through a third pipeline 15, the sand carrying fluid is pressurized through a high-pressure pump group on the fracturing truck 7, the valve of the fracturing truck 7 is opened, the high-pressure sand carrying fluid enters a wellhead of a vertical shaft 3 through a fourth pipeline 16, reaches a horizontal shaft 8 along the vertical shaft 3, and is transported in the well until the position of a hydraulic fracturing fracture 10 is reached, so that the magnetic propping agent is filled in a reservoir fracture 10, and the propping agent laying is completed.
After the propping agent is laid, the fracturing fluid in the liquid storage tank 5 enters the fracturing blender truck 6 through the second pipeline 14, then enters the high-pressure pump set on the fracturing blender truck 7 through the third pipeline 15 for pressurization, the pressurized high-pressure fracturing fluid enters the horizontal well shaft 8 through the fourth pipeline 16, and the sand-carrying fluid in the pipeline and the horizontal well shaft 8 is completely replaced into the hydraulic fracturing crack 10, so that the propping agent is ensured to completely enter the crack.
The hydraulic fracture 10 propped by the magnetic proppant forms an electromagnetic anomaly having abnormal electromagnetic properties relative to the reservoir.
And after the integral fracturing process is finished, measuring, namely, descending the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 into a wellhead of the vertical well shaft 3 to move downwards along the shaft, then reaching the horizontal well shaft 8 to move to the tail end of the horizontal well shaft along the horizontal well shaft and start to excite and receive electromagnetic signals, and allowing the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 to penetrate through the hydraulic fracturing fracture 10 until the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument reaches the tail end of the horizontal well shaft 8 to finish measuring.
In the moving process of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 in the horizontal well shaft 8, firstly, an electromagnetic signal exciter 1 emits an electromagnetic signal, the electromagnetic signal reaches an electromagnetic transmitter in the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 along an exciter cable 11 to excite an initial electromagnetic field, and a supporting crack with abnormal electromagnetic characteristics is excited under the induction of the initial electromagnetic field to form a secondary electromagnetic field; meanwhile, an electromagnetic receiver in the downhole integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 receives signals of the initial electromagnetic field and the secondary induction electromagnetic field and transmits the signals to the data acquisition and processing system 2 through a receiving cable 12, and the data acquisition and processing system 2 carries out technical processing on the received data, eliminates the signal influence of the initial electromagnetic field and carries out real-time inversion on the signals of the secondary induction electromagnetic field.
Adjusting the spatial arrangement of the emission source according to the sequence that the surface of the emission source in the electromagnetic emitter in the integrated emission and reception instrument 9 is respectively vertical to the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis, and finding out that the received signal is sensitive to the azimuth angle parameter of the crack when the surface of the emission source in the electromagnetic emitter is respectively vertical to the X axis or the Y axis according to forward simulation; when the surface of an emission source in the electromagnetic emitter is respectively vertical to the Z axis, the received signals are sensitive to the height and length parameters of the crack, according to the corresponding relation, in the inversion process, when the emission source is positioned at the position where the surface of the emission source is vertical to the X axis, the azimuth angle is calculated by utilizing a differential evolution algorithm in an inversion mode, and when the emission source is positioned at the position where the surface of the emission source is vertical to the Z axis, the height and the length are calculated by utilizing the differential evolution algorithm in an inversion mode. And finally, accurate values of the length, the direction and the height parameters of the support fracture can be obtained, accurate imaging of the fracture support fracture is realized, and important fracture data is provided for subsequent production development and simulation.
The hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method based on the magnetic proppant adopts the hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system based on the magnetic proppant, and comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: arrangement construction site
Putting a magnetic propping agent with conductivity difference with the stratum into the sand conveying truck 4, wherein the magnetic propping agent is formed by mixing, coating, balling and polishing minerals with certain strength and magnetized minerals with high conductivity and magnetic property according to a certain proportion; a fracturing fluid with a main component of a thickening agent solution is put into the liquid storage tank 5; a cross-linking agent and sand mixing equipment are placed in the sand mixing truck 6;
the sand conveying vehicle 4 and the liquid storage tank 5 are respectively connected with the sand mixing vehicle 6 through a first pipeline 13 and a second pipeline 14, and the sand mixing vehicle 6 is connected with the fracturing truck 7 through a third pipeline 15; the fracturing truck 7 is connected with the wellhead of the vertical well shaft 3 through a fourth pipeline 16;
step two: performing fracturing
When the fracture is made, a valve of a liquid storage tank 5 is opened, fracturing fluid enters a fracturing blender truck 6 through a second pipeline 14, enters a high-pressure pump set on a fracturing truck 7 through a third pipeline 15 to be pressurized, the pressurized high-pressure fracturing fluid enters a wellhead of a vertical well shaft 3 through a fourth pipeline 16, reaches a horizontal well shaft 8 along the shaft, finally reaches a target fracture position of a reservoir layer 18, and is subjected to circulation, pressure test, trial extrusion and fracturing processes to be pressed into a hydraulic fracture 10 at a specified position;
after the crack is formed, the propping agent is laid, the sand truck 4 and the liquid storage tank 5 are opened to mix the magnetic propping agent and the fracturing fluid in the sand mixing truck 6 and add the cross-linking agent to form sand carrying fluid, after the pumping pressure and the discharge capacity are stable, the sand mixing ratio is controlled in a segmented mode, the sand mixing ratio is gradually improved and uniformly added, and the pressure and the discharge capacity are ensured to be stable; opening a valve of a sand mixing truck 6, pumping a sand-carrying liquid into a fracturing truck 7 through a third pipeline 15, entering a wellhead of a vertical shaft 3 through a fourth pipeline 16, reaching a horizontal shaft 8 along the shaft, and moving in the shaft until reaching the position of a hydraulic fracturing fracture 10, so that a magnetic propping agent is filled in a reservoir fracture 10, effective support of the fracture is ensured, and an electromagnetic abnormal body is formed at the position of the fracture;
after the propping agent is laid, the propping agent begins to replace, the fracturing fluid in the liquid storage tank 5 enters the fracturing blender truck 6 through the second pipeline 14, then enters the high-pressure pump set on the fracturing blender truck 7 through the third pipeline 15 for pressurization, the pressurized displacing fluid enters the wellhead of the vertical well shaft 3 through the fourth pipeline 16, reaches the horizontal well shaft 8 along the shaft, and the pipeline, the vertical well shaft 3 and the sand-carrying fluid in the horizontal well shaft 8 are completely replaced into the hydraulic fracturing fracture 10 through circulation, so that the propping agent is ensured to completely enter the fracture, the effect of the maximum difference between the electromagnetic abnormal body of the fracture and the electromagnetic property of the stratum is achieved, and the measurement is convenient.
Step three: excitation and signal reception of crack secondary induction electromagnetic field
After the fracturing step is completed, the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 is put into a wellhead of the vertical well shaft 3, moves to the horizontal well shaft 8 along the vertical well shaft, moves in the horizontal well shaft 8, and penetrates through the hydraulic fracturing fracture 10 until reaching the tail end of the horizontal well shaft 8; in the moving process of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 in the horizontal well shaft 8, firstly, an electromagnetic signal exciter 1 emits an electromagnetic signal, the electromagnetic signal reaches an electromagnetic transmitter in the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 along an exciter cable 11 to excite an initial electromagnetic field, and a supporting crack with abnormal electromagnetic characteristics is excited under the induction of the initial electromagnetic field to form a secondary electromagnetic field; meanwhile, an electromagnetic receiver in the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 receives signals of the initial electromagnetic field and the secondary induction electromagnetic field, the signals are transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system 2 through a receiving cable 12, and the data acquisition and processing system 2 carries out technical processing on the received data; the monitored parameters comprise the azimuth, the length and the height of the main crack; when the instrument moves to each scanning point (which is set in advance based on the seam-making position) uniformly distributed along the horizontal well shaft 8, the transmitter needs to sequentially and respectively transmit signals in three different directions (namely, the plane of the transmitting source is respectively vertical to the X, Y, Z axis), and the receiver respectively receives corresponding signals; stopping monitoring when all points are scanned (fracture is scanned);
the smaller the pitch of the scanning points, the higher the accuracy. In actual operation, the distance between scanning points is adjusted according to field requirements. In the coarsening test, the scanning interval is set to be 0.5 m; for fine testing, the scan pitch was 0.1 m.
Step four: data processing is carried out, and reservoir background induction signals are eliminated;
the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument 9 scans to the end point, and the data acquisition and processing system 2 finishes signal receiving; since two sub-receivers are provided for each receiving point Rx (as shown in fig. 8), the received signals are discrete induced signals of the electromagnetic field; the data acquisition processing system 2 processes the two difference signals by a linear method, eliminates the signal influence of the initial electromagnetic field and only keeps the secondary induced electromagnetic field signals.
Step five: inversion of fracture azimuth, length and height
The ground data acquisition and processing system 2 carries out two-stage inversion processing on the data by using an improved differential evolution algorithm, the size of the azimuth angle of the crack is determined by the signal when the surface of the emission source is vertical to the X axis or the Y axis, and the length and the height of the crack are determined by the signal when the surface of the emission source is vertical to the Z axis by using the constraint of the inversion result of the azimuth angle in the second stage.
Step six: fracture morphology description
And obtaining a three-dimensional image of the fracture in the stratum according to the length, height and azimuth angle data of the fracture, and calculating the effective supporting volume of the fracture, thereby providing powerful guidance for subsequent fracturing and development work.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracture parameter inversion system, comprising: the device comprises an electromagnetic signal exciter, a signal acquisition processor, a sand truck, a liquid storage tank, a sand mixer truck, a fracturing truck and an underground integrated transmitting and receiving device; the method is characterized in that: the sand conveying vehicle is respectively connected with the sand mixing vehicle through a first pipeline and the liquid storage tank through a second pipeline; the fracturing blender truck is connected with a fracturing truck through a third pipeline, and the fracturing truck is connected with a wellhead of a vertical shaft through a fourth pipeline; one end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is an electromagnetic transmitter, the other end of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is an electromagnetic receiver, the electromagnetic receiver comprises three receiving points, each receiving point is provided with two sub-receivers, the electromagnetic transmitter is connected with a low-frequency electromagnetic excitation instrument arranged on the ground through an exciter cable, and the electromagnetic receiver is connected with a data acquisition and processing system arranged on the ground through a receiving cable.
2. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracture parameter inversion system of claim 1, wherein: the sand transporting vehicle is internally stored with a magnetic propping agent, and the magnetic propping agent is formed by mixing, coating, balling and polishing minerals with certain strength and magnetized minerals with high conductivity and magnetism according to a certain proportion; the fracturing fluid is stored in the fluid reservoir, the cross-linking agent and the sand mulling equipment are arranged in the sand mulling car, and the high-pressure pump set is arranged in the fracturing car.
3. A hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method based on magnetic proppant, which adopts the hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion system based on magnetic proppant as described in claims 1-2, and is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: arranging a construction site;
step two: implementing fracturing;
step three: exciting a crack secondary induction electromagnetic field and receiving signals;
step four: data processing is carried out, and reservoir background induction signals are eliminated;
step five: inversion of fracture azimuth, length and height
Step six: fracture morphology description.
4. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method of claim 3, characterized in that the step one method is as follows: putting a magnetic propping agent with conductivity difference with the stratum into a sand conveying vehicle, wherein the magnetic propping agent is formed by mixing, coating, balling and polishing minerals with certain strength and magnetized minerals with high conductivity and magnetic property according to a certain proportion; putting a fracturing fluid of which the main component is a thickening agent solution into the liquid storage tank; placing a cross-linking agent and sand mixing equipment in the sand mixing truck; connecting the sand conveying vehicle and the liquid storage tank with a sand mixing vehicle through a first pipeline and a second pipeline respectively, and connecting the sand mixing vehicle with a fracturing truck through a third pipeline; and the fracturing truck is connected with the wellhead of the vertical shaft through a fourth pipeline.
5. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method of claims 3-4, characterized in that the two-step method is as follows: when the crack is formed, a valve of a liquid storage tank is opened, fracturing fluid enters a fracturing blender truck through a second pipeline, enters a high-pressure pump set on the fracturing blender truck through a third pipeline for pressurization, the pressurized high-pressure fracturing fluid enters a wellhead of a vertical well shaft through a fourth pipeline, reaches a horizontal well shaft along the shaft, finally reaches a target cracking position of a reservoir layer, and hydraulic fracturing cracks are pressed at a specified position through circulation, pressure testing, trial extrusion and fracturing processes; after the crack is formed, the propping agent is laid, the sand conveying vehicle and the liquid storage tank are opened to mix the magnetic propping agent and the fracturing fluid in the sand mixing vehicle and add the cross-linking agent to form sand carrying fluid, after the pumping pressure and the discharge capacity are stable, the sand mixing ratio is controlled in a segmented mode, the sand mixing ratio is gradually improved and uniformly added, and the pressure and the discharge capacity are ensured to be stable; opening a valve of a sand mixing truck, pumping the sand-carrying fluid into a fracturing truck through a third pipeline, entering a wellhead of a vertical well shaft through a fourth pipeline, reaching a horizontal well shaft along the shaft, and moving in the well until reaching the position of a hydraulic fracturing fracture, so that the magnetic proppant is used for filling a reservoir fracture, the effective support of the fracture is ensured, and an electromagnetic abnormal body is formed at the position of the fracture; after the propping agent is laid, the propping agent begins to replace, fracturing fluid in a liquid storage tank enters a fracturing blender truck through a second pipeline, enters a high-pressure pump set on the fracturing blender truck through a third pipeline for pressurization, the pressurized displacing fluid enters a wellhead of a vertical well shaft through a fourth pipeline, reaches a horizontal well shaft along the shaft, and replaces all sand-carrying fluids in the pipeline, the vertical well shaft and the horizontal well shaft into a hydraulic fracturing crack through circulation, so that the propping agent is ensured to completely enter the crack, the effect of the maximum difference between electromagnetic properties of a crack electromagnetic abnormal body and a stratum is achieved, and the measurement is convenient.
6. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method of claims 3-5, characterized in that the method of step three is as follows: after the fracturing step is carried out, the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument is put into a wellhead of a vertical well shaft, moves to a horizontal well shaft along the vertical well shaft, moves in the horizontal well shaft, and penetrates through a hydraulic fracturing fracture until the end of the horizontal well shaft is reached; in the moving process of the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument in a horizontal well shaft, firstly, an electromagnetic signal exciter emits an electromagnetic signal, an electromagnetic transmitter reaching the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument along an exciter cable excites an initial electromagnetic field, and a supporting crack with abnormal electromagnetic characteristics is excited under the induction of the initial electromagnetic field to form a secondary electromagnetic field; meanwhile, an electromagnetic receiver in the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument receives signals of the initial electromagnetic field and the secondary induction electromagnetic field, and transmits the signals to a data acquisition and processing system through a receiving cable, and the data acquisition and processing system carries out technical processing on the received data; the monitored parameters comprise the azimuth, the length and the height of the main crack; when the instrument moves to each scanning point uniformly distributed along a horizontal well shaft, the transmitter needs to sequentially and respectively transmit signals in three different directions, and the receiver respectively receives corresponding signals; monitoring was stopped when all points were scanned.
7. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method of claims 3-6, characterized in that the step four method is as follows: scanning the underground integrated transmitting and receiving instrument to the end point, and finishing the signal receiving of the data acquisition and processing system; because each receiving point is provided with two sub-receivers, the received signals are discrete induction signals of an electromagnetic field; the data acquisition and processing system processes the two difference signals by a linear method, eliminates the signal influence of the initial electromagnetic field and only keeps the secondary induced electromagnetic field signals.
8. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method of claims 3-7, characterized in that the method of step five is as follows: and performing two-stage inversion processing on the data by using an improved differential evolution algorithm by using a ground data acquisition processing system, determining the azimuth size of the crack by using the signal when the surface of the emission source is vertical to the X axis or the Y axis, and determining the length and the height of the crack by using the constraint of the inversion result of the azimuth in the second stage and using the signal when the surface of the emission source is vertical to the Z axis.
9. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method of claims 3-8, characterized in that the method of step five is as follows: and obtaining a three-dimensional image of the fracture in the stratum according to the length, height and azimuth angle data of the fracture, and calculating the effective supporting volume of the fracture, thereby providing powerful guidance for subsequent fracturing and development work.
10. The magnetic proppant-based hydraulic fracturing fracture parameter inversion method of claims 3-9, wherein in the coarsening test, the scan spacing is set to 0.5 m; for fine testing, the scan pitch was 0.1 m.
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