CN111058025A - Axle remanufacturing method - Google Patents
Axle remanufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111058025A CN111058025A CN201911216446.7A CN201911216446A CN111058025A CN 111058025 A CN111058025 A CN 111058025A CN 201911216446 A CN201911216446 A CN 201911216446A CN 111058025 A CN111058025 A CN 111058025A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
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- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/91—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination using penetration of dyes, e.g. fluorescent ink
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention provides an axle remanufacturing method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out pretreatment processing on the waste axle; carrying out nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to pretreatment processing to detect whether cracks exist on the waste axle; carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks by adopting a laser cladding powder material; and performing secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, wherein the secondary nondestructive testing comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and dye penetrant testing. The waste axle without cracks detected in the nondestructive detection process is subjected to laser cladding additive repair, so that various technical performances of the repaired waste axle can meet the use requirements, the use performance of the waste axle is recovered, and even if the waste axle is recycled, the processing cost of the axle is reduced to a certain extent, and the problem of high processing cost of the motor car axle in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bullet train manufacturing, in particular to an axle remanufacturing method.
Background
Based on the increase of the operating mileage of the high-speed motor train unit, a large number of waste axles or invalid axles are generated.
At present, the conventional treatment method for the waste axle or the failed axle is to seal and store the waste axle or the failed axle, and the treatment mode not only causes resource waste, but also increases the processing cost and the operating cost of the axle and the motor car.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an axle remanufacturing method to solve the problem that a bullet train axle in the prior art is high in machining cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an axle remanufacturing method for processing a waste axle, including: carrying out pretreatment processing on the waste axle; carrying out nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to pretreatment processing to detect whether cracks exist on the waste axle; carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks by adopting a laser cladding powder material; and performing secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, wherein the secondary nondestructive testing comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and dye penetrant testing.
Further, the method for pretreating and processing the waste axle comprises the following steps: and (3) removing the scratch defect and the gouge defect in the waste axle in a turning mode so as to perform additive remanufacturing on the waste axle.
Further, the chemical composition of the laser cladding powder material comprises: the carbon content is less than or equal to 0.12%; and/or, the silicon content is less than or equal to 0.5%; and/or, the manganese content is less than or equal to 1.2%; and/or, a nickel content greater than or equal to 54%; and/or the iron content is less than or equal to 3.0%.
Further, the chemical composition of the laser cladding powder material comprises: the chromium content was 15.5%; and/or the molybdenum content ranges from 8% to 10%.
Furthermore, the tensile strength of the laser cladding powder material is Ra, and Ra is more than or equal to 650 MPa; and/or the yield strength of the laser cladding powder material is greater than or equal to 450 MPa; and/or the elongation of the laser cladding powder material is A, wherein A is more than or equal to 18%; and/or the impact absorption work of the laser cladding powder material is KU, and KU is more than or equal to 40J; and/or the value range of the hardness of the laser cladding powder material is less than or equal to 265 HV.
Further, the method for performing laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks comprises the following steps: feeding powder to the waste axle in a laser cladding coaxial powder feeding mode; wherein, in the process of carrying out laser cladding coaxial powder feeding, the powder feeding amount is 12g/min to 25 g/min.
Further, before the waste axle is subjected to pretreatment processing, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises the following steps: remanufacturing and evaluating the waste axle to judge whether the waste axle has remanufacturability; the remanufacturing evaluation comprises nondestructive evaluation, and the nondestructive evaluation comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and coloring penetration detection of the waste axle.
Further, before performing secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises the following steps: and performing ultrasonic stress relief treatment on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, and modifying the residual stress on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle into compressive stress to relieve the residual stress on the surface of the cladding layer.
Further, before the ultrasonic stress relief treatment is performed on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises the following steps: rotatably mounting the waste axle on the frame; the ultrasonic stress relief processing method comprises the following steps: mounting an ultrasonic treatment probe on the frame, and enabling the ultrasonic treatment probe to be in contact with the outer peripheral wall of the waste axle; and controlling the waste axle to rotate relative to the ultrasonic treatment probe so as to perform ultrasonic stress relief treatment on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle through the ultrasonic treatment probe.
Further, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises: debugging and detecting the waste axle subjected to the secondary nondestructive detection; the debugging and detecting method comprises the steps of carrying out press fitting test and bench test on the remanufactured waste axle so as to verify the stability and reliability of the remanufactured waste axle.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the axle remanufacturing method is mainly used for processing the waste axle and comprises the following steps: firstly, preprocessing and processing a waste axle; secondly, performing nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to pretreatment processing to detect whether cracks exist on the waste axle; thirdly, carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks by adopting a laser cladding powder material; fourthly, performing secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, wherein the secondary nondestructive testing comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and dye penetrant testing. The waste axle without cracks detected in the nondestructive detection process is subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, and secondary nondestructive detection is performed on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, so that various technical properties of the repaired waste axle can meet the use requirements, the use performance of the waste axle is recovered, and even if the waste axle is secondarily utilized, the axle processing cost is reduced to a certain extent, the problem of high motor car axle processing cost in the prior art is solved, and the overall processing cost and the operation cost of a motor car are reduced; in addition, the waste of resources can be reduced by the secondary utilization of the waste axles.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of an axle remanufacturing method according to an embodiment of the axle remanufacturing method of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an assembly structure of a waste axle and a stress-relieving processing apparatus used in ultrasonic flaw detection in the axle remanufacturing method of fig. 1.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a stress relief processing device; 11. a frame; 12. a lathe dog disc; 13. a lathe carriage; 14. ultrasonic treatment of the probe; 15. an ultrasonic generator; 16. a lathe center; 20. waste axles.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention provides an axle remanufacturing method which is used for processing a waste axle, and with reference to fig. 1, the axle remanufacturing method comprises the following steps: firstly, preprocessing and processing a waste axle; secondly, performing nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to pretreatment processing to detect whether cracks exist on the waste axle; thirdly, carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks by adopting a laser cladding powder material; fourthly, performing secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, wherein the secondary nondestructive testing comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and dye penetrant testing.
According to the axle remanufacturing method, firstly, the waste axle is subjected to pretreatment and nondestructive detection, the waste axle without cracks detected in the nondestructive detection process is subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, and the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair is subjected to secondary nondestructive detection, so that various technical properties of the repaired waste axle can meet the use requirements, the use performance of the waste axle is recovered, and even if the waste axle is secondarily utilized, the processing cost of the axle is reduced to a certain extent, so that the problem of high processing cost of the axle of the motor car in the prior art is solved, and further the overall processing cost and the operation cost of the motor car are reduced; in addition, the waste of resources can be reduced by the secondary utilization of the waste axles.
The method for pretreating and processing the waste axle comprises the following steps: and (3) removing the scratch defect and the gouge defect in the waste axle in a turning mode so as to perform additive remanufacturing on the waste axle. In the specific implementation process, mainly turning the scratch defects and the gouge defects of the areas such as hubs, gear seats and the like of the waste axles; in the turning process, a certain surface layer space is required to be reserved for the turning part of the waste axle, and the surface layer space is used for filling a laser cladding material, so that the size of the turning part of the waste axle can meet the requirement after laser cladding material increase repair is carried out on the turning part of the waste axle.
Specifically, the nondestructive testing includes: and carrying out 100% PT or 100% MT nondestructive testing on the turned area of the waste axle to judge whether the turned area of the waste axle has cracks, and carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle if no cracks exist.
The specific components of the laser cladding powder material in this embodiment are required, and the chemical components of the laser cladding powder material include: the carbon content is less than or equal to 0.12%; and/or, the silicon content is less than or equal to 0.5%; and/or, the manganese content is less than or equal to 1.2%; and/or, a nickel content greater than or equal to 54%; and/or, the iron content is less than or equal to 3.0%; and/or the chromium content is 15.5%; and/or the value range of the molybdenum content is 8-10%, so that the laser cladding powder material is matched with the matrix performance of the waste axle.
The requirements for the laser cladding powder material in the embodiment are that the tensile strength of the laser cladding powder material is Ra, and Ra is more than or equal to 650 MPa; and/or the yield strength of the laser cladding powder material is greater than or equal to 450 MPa; and/or the elongation of the laser cladding powder material is A, wherein A is more than or equal to 18%; and/or the impact absorption work of the laser cladding powder material is KU, and KU is more than or equal to 40J; and/or the value range of the hardness of the laser cladding powder material is less than or equal to 265 HV.
The method for carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks comprises the following steps: feeding powder to the waste axle in a laser cladding coaxial powder feeding mode; wherein, in the process of carrying out laser cladding coaxial powder feeding, the powder feeding amount is 12g/min to 25 g/min.
In this embodiment, a semiconductor-fiber coupled laser and a circular spot are used for laser cladding coaxial powder feeding; wherein the value range of the cladding power is 1500W to 2800W, and the value range of the scanning speed is 8mm/s to 12 mm/s; the value range of the lapping amount in the cladding process is 40-50%, and the value range of the cladding thickness for carrying out laser cladding on the waste axle is 0.1-0.2 mm.
Specifically, before the waste axle is subjected to pretreatment processing, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises the following steps of: remanufacturing and evaluating the waste axle to judge whether the waste axle has remanufacturability; the remanufacturing evaluation comprises nondestructive evaluation, and the nondestructive evaluation comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and coloring penetration detection of the waste axle.
In this embodiment, before performing secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, the axle remanufacturing method further includes: the method comprises the steps of carrying out ultrasonic stress relief treatment on the surface of a cladding layer of the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, and modifying the residual stress on the surface of the cladding layer into compressive stress to relieve the residual stress on the surface of the cladding layer so as to modify the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair.
Before ultrasonic stress relief treatment is carried out on the surface of a cladding layer of the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises the following steps: rotatably mounting the waste axle on the frame; the ultrasonic stress relief processing method comprises the following steps: mounting an ultrasonic treatment probe on the frame, and enabling the ultrasonic treatment probe to be in contact with the outer peripheral wall of the waste axle; and controlling the waste axle to rotate relative to the ultrasonic treatment probe so as to perform ultrasonic stress relief treatment on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle through the ultrasonic treatment probe.
In the specific implementation process, in the process of performing ultrasonic stress relief treatment on the waste axle, in order to facilitate the ultrasonic probe to perform stress relief treatment on the cladding layer surface of the waste axle and to enable the ultrasonic probe to more accurately perform stress relief treatment on the cladding layer surface of the waste axle, as shown in fig. 2, a stress relief treatment device 10 is adopted to perform stress relief treatment on the cladding layer surface of the waste axle 20; the stress relieving treatment device 10 comprises a frame 11, a lathe claw disc 12 and an ultrasonic treatment probe 14, wherein the lathe claw disc 12 is rotatably arranged on the frame 11, and one end of a waste axle 20 is fixed on the lathe claw disc 12 so that the waste axle 20 can rotate relative to the frame 11; the stress relieving treatment device 10 is also provided with a lathe center 16, and the other end of the waste axle 20 is connected with the lathe center 16; the ultrasonic treatment probe 14 is mounted on the frame 11, that is, the waste axle 20 can rotate relative to the ultrasonic treatment probe 14, and the ultrasonic treatment probe 14 can rotatably contact with the peripheral wall of the waste axle 20, so that the ultrasonic treatment probe 14 can perform stress relief treatment on the cladding layer surface of the waste axle 20.
In the specific implementation process, the stress relieving processing device 10 further comprises a lathe tool rest 13 for mounting a tool, the lathe tool rest 13 is mounted on the frame 11, and the lathe tool rest 13 is arranged opposite to the waste axle 20, so that the tool mounted on the lathe tool rest 13 can act on the waste axle 20, and the waste axle 20 is turned to remove scratch defects and gouge defects existing in the waste axle 20.
In a specific implementation process, the stress relief processing device 10 further comprises an ultrasonic generator 15, and the ultrasonic processing probe 14 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 15, so that the ultrasonic processing probe 14 can perform stress relief processing on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle 20.
In order to ensure the service performance of the waste axle subjected to additive repair, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises the following steps: debugging and detecting the waste axle subjected to the secondary nondestructive detection; the debugging and detecting method comprises the steps of carrying out press fitting test and bench test on the remanufactured waste axle so as to verify the stability and reliability of the remanufactured waste axle.
In this embodiment, the bench test refers to a repeated test of high-cycle torsional bending fatigue of a remanufactured waste axle for multiple times of whole axles; optionally, the number of repetitions of performing the torsional bending fatigue test is107Next, the process is carried out.
The press fitting test is to press fit the wheels to the wheel seats of the remanufactured waste axles in an interference fit mode by using an oil press, wherein the maximum load pressure in the press fitting process is F1, and F1 is more than 680kN and less than 1160 kN; fitting the load pressure F and the corresponding displacement S in the press-fitting process into a corresponding press-fitting curve, wherein the press-fitting curve needs to meet the following requirements:
1. the press-fitting curve segment within the displacement range of 0-30 mm rises linearly in a preset proportion, and the maximum value of the corresponding load pressure within the displacement range is less than or equal to 260 kN;
2. the remanufactured oil groove of the waste axle is provided with a first oil groove position and a second oil groove position, wherein the first oil groove position is an oil groove starting position for pressing the hub to the waste axle, and the second oil groove position is a position 25mm away from the oil groove starting position; in the press fitting process with the displacement ranging from 75mm to 90mm, the maximum value of the load pressure in the process of press fitting the hub to the first oil groove position of the waste axle to the second oil groove position thereof is greater than or equal to the maximum load pressure in the process of press fitting the hub to the position before the oil groove of the waste axle;
3. in a preset value range of the tail end of the displacement, the press-fitting curve is allowed to have a descending trend, namely the corresponding load pressure in the displacement range is allowed to be reduced along with the increase of the displacement, and the difference value between the corresponding maximum load pressure and the corresponding minimum load pressure in the range is smaller than or equal to 50 kN;
4. the press-fit curve should meet the requirements of EN13260, and the end load pressure F on the press-fit curve is greater than 680kN and less than the maximum load pressure F1.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
in the axle remanufacturing method of the invention, the axle remanufacturing method is mainly used for processing a waste axle and comprises the following steps: firstly, preprocessing and processing a waste axle; secondly, performing nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to pretreatment processing to detect whether cracks exist on the waste axle; thirdly, carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks by adopting a laser cladding powder material; fourthly, performing secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, wherein the secondary nondestructive testing comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and dye penetrant testing. The waste axle without cracks detected in the nondestructive detection process is subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, and secondary nondestructive detection is performed on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, so that various technical properties of the repaired waste axle can meet the use requirements, the use performance of the waste axle is recovered, and even if the waste axle is secondarily utilized, the axle processing cost is reduced to a certain extent, the problem of high motor car axle processing cost in the prior art is solved, and the overall processing cost and the operation cost of a motor car are reduced; in addition, the waste of resources can be reduced by the secondary utilization of the waste axles.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An axle remanufacturing method is used for processing a waste axle and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preprocessing the waste axle;
carrying out nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to pretreatment processing to detect whether cracks exist on the waste axle;
carrying out laser cladding material increase repair on the waste axle without cracks by adopting a laser cladding powder material;
and carrying out secondary nondestructive testing on the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, wherein the secondary nondestructive testing comprises ultrasonic flaw detection and dye penetrant testing.
2. The axle remanufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the method of pre-processing the spent axle comprises:
and removing the scratch defects and the gouge defects in the waste axle in a turning mode so as to perform additive remanufacturing on the waste axle.
3. The axle remanufacturing method of claim 1, wherein a chemical composition of the laser cladding powdered material comprises:
the carbon content is less than or equal to 0.12%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the silicon content is less than or equal to 0.5%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the manganese content is less than or equal to 1.2%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the nickel content is greater than or equal to 54%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the iron content is less than or equal to 3.0%.
4. The axle remanufacturing method of claim 1 or 3, wherein a chemical composition of the laser cladding powder material comprises:
the chromium content was 15.5%; and/or the molybdenum content ranges from 8% to 10%.
5. The axle remanufacturing method according to claim 3,
the tensile strength of the laser cladding powder material is Ra, and Ra is more than or equal to 650 MPa; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the yield strength of the laser cladding powder material is greater than or equal to 450 MPa; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the elongation of the laser cladding powder material is A, and A is more than or equal to 18%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the shock absorption work of the laser cladding powder material is KU, and KU is more than or equal to 40J; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the value range of the hardness of the laser cladding powder material is less than or equal to 265 HV.
6. The axle remanufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the method for performing laser cladding additive repair on the waste axle without cracks comprises:
feeding powder to the waste axle in a laser cladding coaxial powder feeding mode;
wherein, in the process of carrying out laser cladding coaxial powder feeding, the powder feeding amount is 12g/min to 25 g/min.
7. The axle remanufacturing method of claim 1, wherein prior to the preprocessing the spent axle, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises:
remanufacturing and evaluating the waste axle to judge whether the waste axle has remanufacturability;
wherein the remanufacturing evaluation comprises a non-destructive evaluation comprising ultrasonic flaw detection and dye penetrant testing of the spent axle.
8. The axle remanufacturing method of claim 1, wherein prior to performing a second non-destructive inspection of the waste axle undergoing laser cladding additive repair, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises:
and carrying out ultrasonic stress relief treatment on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle subjected to laser cladding material increase repair, and modifying the residual stress on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle into compressive stress so as to relieve the residual stress on the surface of the cladding layer.
9. The axle remanufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein before subjecting the clad layer surface of the waste axle subjected to the laser cladding additive repair to the ultrasonic stress relief treatment, the axle remanufacturing method further comprises: rotatably mounting the waste axle to a frame; the ultrasonic stress relief processing method comprises the following steps:
mounting an ultrasonic treatment probe on a frame, and enabling the ultrasonic treatment probe to be in contact with the outer peripheral wall of the waste axle;
and controlling the waste axle to rotate relative to the ultrasonic treatment probe so as to perform ultrasonic stress relief treatment on the surface of the cladding layer of the waste axle through the ultrasonic treatment probe.
10. The axle remanufacturing method of claim 1, further comprising:
debugging and detecting the waste axle subjected to the secondary nondestructive detection;
the debugging and detecting method comprises the step of carrying out press fitting test and bench test on the remanufactured waste axle to verify the stability and reliability of the remanufactured waste axle.
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Application publication date: 20200424 |