CN111054315B - Preparation method and application of ion separation membrane - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of ion separation membrane Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of an ion separation membrane. The ion separation membrane is prepared by taking polyvinylidene fluoride blended graphene oxide as a base membrane, mesoporous silicon and 18-crown-6-ether as an adsorbent, rubidium ions as template ions, fixing the base membrane on the base membrane by a delayed phase inversion method and combining a membrane separation technology. The selective adsorption experiment is used for researching the selective adsorption capacity of the prepared ion separation membrane; the selective permeation experiment is used for researching the selective permeation capability of the prepared ion separation membrane to target rubidium ions and non-target substances; the result shows that the ion separation membrane prepared by the invention has higher specific identification capability and adsorption separation capability to rubidium ions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of an ion separation membrane.
Background
Rubidium has great economic and military benefits, is widely applied to environmental science, national defense industry, aerospace industry and energy field, and has increasing demand. Rubidium ions are present in salt lake brines along with other alkali metals, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cesium (Cs), and the like. The traditional method for separating alkali metal ions from salt lake brine mainly comprises solvent extraction, evaporation and precipitation methods; however, the conventional method has problems of low recovery rate, low separation efficiency and poor selectivity. Therefore, it is important to find an efficient method for selectively separating rubidium.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects in the prior art and provides a preparation method and application of an ion separation membrane.
The invention provides a preparation method of an ion separation membrane, which comprises the steps of dissolving graphene oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solution, stirring to form an emulsion of a pre-blending system, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the polyvinylidene fluoride to the N-methyl pyrrolidone is 1: 20: 100, respectively; immersing the flat plate uniformly coated with the emulsion and the adsorbent in a mixed solution consisting of ethanol and water at the same time, and obtaining ion separation membranes (Rb-ISMs) after scraping, eluting and airing; the stirring time is 12-36 hours, and the soaking time is 6-24 hours.
The adsorbent is prepared by dissolving mesoporous silicon and crown ether in N, N-dimethylformamide solution, vacuumizing until the solution is saturated, and removing N, N-dimethylformamide by rotary evaporation; the mass ratio of the mesoporous silicon to the crown ether is 20: 1; the temperature of the evacuation was 45 ℃.
Furthermore, the temperature of the rotary evaporation is 80 ℃, and the rotary evaporation time is 12-36 h.
Further, the preparation method of the mesoporous silicon comprises the following steps of; soaking ferric oxide in the mixed solution A, uniformly performing ultrasonic treatment, dropwise adding the mixed solution B in the process of rapid stirring, sealing, centrifuging, cleaning, air-drying, wrapping a layer of silicon spheres outside the ferric oxide to obtain silicon-coated ferric oxide, soaking the silicon-coated ferric oxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the mixed solution A, uniformly performing ultrasonic treatment, dropwise adding the mixed solution B in the process of rapid stirring, and calcining to obtain mesoporous silicon; the mixed solution A consists of deionized water, ethanol and ammonia water, and the mixed solution B consists of ethanol and ethyl orthosilicate; the rapid stirring time is 4-8 h; the calcining temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the calcining time is 3-6 h.
The crown ether in the technical scheme of the invention is 18-crown-6 ether which is used as an organic ligand; the mesoporous silicon is used as an inorganic ligand; the graphene oxide and the polyvinylidene fluoride are dissolved in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solution to form a pre-blending system which serves as a base film material.
The invention also provides the ion separation membrane prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides the application of the ion separation membrane in adsorbing and separating rubidium ions; the application is selective adsorption and separation of rubidium ions in the analogue; the method is particularly applied to selective adsorption and separation of rubidium ions in a mixed solution of rubidium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the ionic separation membrane provided by the invention is characterized in that 18-crown-6-ether is fixed on a mesoporous inorganic silica material to form an adsorbent, and then a delayed phase conversion method is carried out to fix the adsorbent on the surface of the polyvinylidene fluoride graphene oxide base membrane. According to the invention, a blending system formed by polyvinylidene fluoride and graphene oxide with high hydrophilicity and high mechanical strength is used as a base membrane material, the prepared ion separation membrane has the advantages of high porosity, high flux and high flow rate, and compared with the existing rubidium ion separation membrane, the separation efficiency of rubidium ions in an analog is greatly improved.
Experimental results show that the adsorbent is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the membrane in the process of preparing the ion separation membrane by the preparation method provided by the invention, and the recognition sites are not embedded; the polymer is stably fixed, the defect of poor separation effect caused by over-deep embedding of the recognition site of the traditional membrane material is avoided, and the utilization rate of the recognition site is effectively improved.
The ion separation membrane prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of easy recovery, convenient subsequent separation, no secondary pollution to separated substances and the like, and well solves the defects of difficult recovery, easy generation of secondary pollution and the like of the existing rubidium ion separation polymer; in addition, the method has high selectivity on rubidium ions, can effectively separate the rubidium ions from calcium ions, magnesium ions, cesium ions and other analogues, and can be applied to selective identification and separation of the rubidium ions in salt lake brine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of Rb-ISMs under different magnification and a transmission electron microscope image of mesoporous silicon under different magnification in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the selective adsorption and selective permeation of Rb-ISMs from example 1; wherein, the left side is a selective adsorption curve graph, and the right side is a selective permeation curve graph;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the selective adsorption and selective permeation of Rb-ISMs from example 2; wherein, the left side is a selective adsorption curve graph, and the right side is a selective permeation curve graph;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the selective adsorption and selective permeation profiles of Rb-ISM in example 3; wherein, the left side is a selective adsorption curve diagram and the right side is a selective permeation curve diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Materials, reagents and the like used in examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
And (3) testing the material performance:
(1) selective adsorption experiment
Respectively weighing 5 parts of Rb-ISMs, placing the Rb-ISMs into a glass test tube, respectively adding 10mL of mixed solution of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L rubidium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions, standing and adsorbing for 3 hours at room temperature, measuring the concentration of the rubidium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions which are not adsorbed in the solution by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer after adsorption is finished, and calculating the adsorption capacity (Qe, mg/g) according to the result:
Q= (C0 - C) × V / m (1)
wherein C is0(mg/L) and C (mg/L) are the concentration of the same molecule in the solution before and after adsorption, respectively, V (mL) is the volume of the adsorption solution, and m (g) is the mass of Rb-ISMs added.
(2) Permselectivity experiments
Firstly, a combined cross-flow permeation device is self-made, a square groove with the size of 10mm multiplied by 5mm is formed in the surface of a hard plastic pipe, the square groove identical to that of the plastic pipe is cut on a double-layer plastic film, a piece of Rb-ISMs is clamped at the position of a groove in the double-layer plastic film, and the position of the groove in the double-layer plastic film with the Rb-ISMs is aligned with the position of the groove in the hard plastic pipe and then is fixed on the periphery of the hard plastic pipe; then, connecting soft silicone tubes to two sides of a self-made cross-flow permeation device respectively and connecting the soft silicone tubes with a peristaltic pump, pumping mixed solution of 25 mg/L rubidium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions into a pipeline, and setting the flow rate to be 100 mL/h; samples were taken at 5, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180min at the cross-flow permeation device and the concentrations of rubidium, calcium, magnesium and cesium ions transmitted through the Rb-ISMs were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.
Example 1
S1, preparation of mesoporous silicon:
soaking 0.2 g of prepared ferric oxide in a mixed solution A consisting of 80 mL of deionized water, 300 mL of ethanol and 12 mL of ammonia water, uniformly performing ultrasonic treatment, rapidly stirring for 4h, in the stirring process, dropwise adding a mixed solution B consisting of 20 mL of ethanol and 1.2 mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the solution, sealing, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain ferric oxide, wrapping a layer of silicon spheres outside the ferric oxide, soaking 0.1 g of silicon-coated ferric oxide and 0.2 g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a mixed solution A consisting of 50 mL of deionized water, 65 mL of ethanol and 1 mL of ammonia water, uniformly ultrasonically stirring for 8 hours rapidly, and in the stirring process, dropwise adding a mixed solution B consisting of 20 mL of ethanol and 0.13 mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the solution, sealing, centrifuging, cleaning, drying, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the mesoporous silicon.
S2, preparing graphene oxide: in order to further explain the invention, the invention provides a preparation method of graphene oxide. It should be noted that graphene oxide prepared by other methods can also be applied to the implementation of the scheme of the present invention.
Immersing 3 g of graphite powder in a mixed solution composed of 60 mL of sulfuric acid and 10mL of phosphoric acid, stirring for 30 min in an ice bath, adding 5 g of sodium nitrate, stirring for 30 min, adding 15 g of potassium permanganate, stirring for 2 h at 35 ℃, adding 150 mL of deionized water, stirring for 2 h at 95 ℃, adding 70 mL of a mixed solution composed of hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, stirring for 30 min, slowly adding a mixed solution of 7 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid and 50 mL of water, centrifuging, washing with water, taking out a supernatant, adjusting the pH to be neutral, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 4h, and evaporating at 68 ℃ to obtain graphene oxide.
S3, preparation of an adsorbent:
dissolving 1 g of mesoporous silicon obtained in S1 and 50 mg of crown ether in 30 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide solution, vacuumizing for 6h at 45 ℃, performing rotary evaporation for 12 h at 80 ℃ to remove N, N-dimethylformamide, cleaning, centrifuging, and drying to obtain the adsorbent.
S4, preparation of an ion separation membrane:
dissolving 0.2 g of graphene oxide obtained in S2 and 4 g of polyvinylidene fluoride in a 20 g N-methyl pyrrolidone solution, stirring for 12 hours, uniformly coating the obtained emulsion on a glass plate, simultaneously immersing the glass plate coated with the emulsion and the adsorbent obtained in S3 in a mixed solution consisting of ethanol and water, soaking for 6 hours, scraping a membrane, eluting, and airing to obtain the ion separation membrane.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope (TEM) image of Rb-ISMs at different magnification and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of mesoporous silicon at different magnification;
as shown in fig. 1, (a), (b), (c) the characteristics of Rb-ISMs with a non-uniform layer and a sponge-like bottom support structure can be clearly observed, and uniform mesoporous silica is clearly observed on the surface of the membrane, revealing the successful formation of imprinted composite membranes; (e) the silica shell of the mesopores was clearly observed, which indicates that the core-shell nanostructure was not destroyed during the surfactant removal reaction.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the selective adsorption and selective permeation profiles of Rb-ISMs; wherein the left side is a selective adsorption curve graph, and the right side is a selective permeation curve graph; as shown in FIG. 2, the results of the left-side selective adsorption experiments show that the prepared Rb-ISMs have the adsorption capacity of 5.415, 13.18, 29.04, 40.38 and 48.12 mg/g for 3h for rubidium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions in mixed solutions with the concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L; 0.879, 2.621, 7.941, 15.85, 18.61 mg/g; 1.145, 4.023, 9.721, 13.51, 16.21 mg/g; 1.491, 5.180, 11.90, 19.03 and 23.01 mg/g. The experimental results show that the prepared ion separation membrane has higher adsorption capacity on rubidium ions than calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions in a mixed solution with the concentration of 5-75 mg/L, namely, the ion separation membrane has the function of selective adsorption and separation on rubidium ions.
As shown in FIG. 2, the results of the right side perm-selective experiments showed that the concentrations of rubidium, calcium, magnesium and cesium ions in the permeate passing through Rb-ISMs at 5, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180min were 0.225, 0.381, 0.569, 0.716, 0.754, 0.837, 0.859, 0.883mg/L, respectively; 0.151, 0.192, 0.248, 0.306, 0.355, 0.374, 0.381, 0.399 mg/L; 0.025, 0.034, 0.073, 0.091, 0.117, 0.111, 0.129, 0.125 mg/L, 0.094, 0.111, 0.180, 0.191, 0.207, 0.256, 0.321, 0.325 mg/L. The experimental results show that the prepared ion separation membrane has higher permeability to rubidium ions than calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions within 5-180 min, namely has the function of promoting permeation of the rubidium ions, and has no influence on the calcium ions, the magnesium ions and the cesium ions, so that the selective separation of the rubidium ions and analogues thereof is realized.
Example 2
S1, preparation of mesoporous silicon:
firstly, soaking 0.2 g of prepared ferric oxide in a mixed solution A consisting of 80 mL of deionized water, 300 mL of ethanol and 12 mL of ammonia water, uniformly performing ultrasonic treatment, rapidly stirring for 6h, in the stirring process, dropwise adding a mixed solution B consisting of 20 mL of ethanol and 1.2 mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the solution, sealing, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain ferric oxide, wrapping a layer of silicon spheres outside the ferric oxide, soaking 0.1 g of silicon-coated ferric oxide and 0.2 g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a mixed solution A consisting of 50 mL of deionized water, 65 mL of ethanol and 1 mL of ammonia water, uniformly ultrasonically stirring for 6 hours rapidly, and in the stirring process, dropwise adding a mixed solution B consisting of 20 mL of ethanol and 0.13 mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the solution, sealing, centrifuging, cleaning, drying, and calcining at 450 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the mesoporous silicon.
S2, preparing graphene oxide:
immersing 3 g of graphite powder in a mixed solution composed of 60 mL of sulfuric acid and 10mL of phosphoric acid, stirring for 30 min in an ice bath, adding 5 g of sodium nitrate, stirring for 30 min, adding 15 g of potassium permanganate, stirring for 2 h at 35 ℃, adding 150 mL of deionized water, stirring for 2 h at 95 ℃, adding 70 mL of a mixed solution composed of hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, stirring for 30 min, slowly adding a mixed solution of 7 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid and 50 mL of water, centrifuging, washing with water, taking out a supernatant, adjusting the pH to be neutral, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 4h, and evaporating at 68 ℃ to obtain graphene oxide.
S3, preparation of an adsorbent:
dissolving 1 g of mesoporous silicon obtained in S1 and 50 mg of crown ether in 30 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide solution, vacuumizing for 8 h at 45 ℃, performing rotary evaporation for 24h at 80 ℃ to remove N, N-dimethylformamide, cleaning, centrifuging, and drying to obtain the adsorbent.
S4, preparation of an ion separation membrane:
dissolving 0.2 g of graphene oxide obtained in S2 and 4 g of polyvinylidene fluoride in a 20 g N-methyl pyrrolidone solution, stirring for 24h, uniformly coating the obtained emulsion on a glass plate, simultaneously immersing the glass plate coated with the emulsion and the adsorbent obtained in S3 in a mixed solution consisting of ethanol and water, soaking for 12 h, scraping a membrane, eluting, and airing to obtain the ion separation membrane.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the selective adsorption and selective permeation profiles of Rb-ISMs; wherein the left side is a selective adsorption curve graph, and the right side is a selective permeation curve graph; as shown in FIG. 3, the results of the left selective adsorption experiments show that the prepared Rb-ISMs have the adsorption capacity of 5.397, 13.20, 29.00, 40.47 and 48.17 mg/g for 3h of rubidium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions in the mixed solution with the concentration of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L; 0.888, 2.624, 7.944, 15.90, 18.68 mg/g; 1.141, 4.028, 9.712, 13.48, 16.25 mg/g; 1.496, 5.184, 11.93, 19.09 and 23.03 mg/g. The experimental results show that the prepared ion separation membrane has higher adsorption capacity on rubidium ions than calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions in a mixed solution with the concentration of 5-75 mg/L, namely, the ion separation membrane has the function of selective adsorption and separation on rubidium ions.
As shown in FIG. 3, the results of the right side perm-selective experiments showed that the concentrations of rubidium, calcium, magnesium and cesium ions in the permeate passing through Rb-ISMs were 0.228, 0.387, 0.575, 0.712, 0.760, 0.841, 0.868, 0.887 mg/L, respectively, at 5, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 min; 0.153, 0.190, 0.250, 0.300, 0.352, 0.378, 0.387, 0.392 mg/L; 0.021, 0.038, 0.079, 0.090, 0.112, 0.115, 0.134, 0.129 mg/L, 0.093, 0.116, 0.186, 0.194, 0.212, 0.269, 0.318, 0.329 mg/L. The experimental results show that the prepared ion separation membrane has higher permeability to rubidium ions than calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions within 5-180 min, namely has the function of promoting permeation of the rubidium ions, and has no influence on the calcium ions, the magnesium ions and the cesium ions, so that the selective separation of the rubidium ions and analogues thereof is realized.
Example 3
S1, preparation of mesoporous silicon:
soaking 0.2 g of prepared ferric oxide in a mixed solution A consisting of 80 mL of deionized water, 300 mL of ethanol and 12 mL of ammonia water, uniformly performing ultrasonic treatment, rapidly stirring for 4h, in the stirring process, dropwise adding a mixed solution B consisting of 20 mL of ethanol and 1.2 mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the solution, sealing, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain ferric oxide, wrapping a layer of silicon spheres outside the ferric oxide, soaking 0.1 g of silicon-coated ferric oxide and 0.2 g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a mixed solution A consisting of 50 mL of deionized water, 65 mL of ethanol and 1 mL of ammonia water, uniformly ultrasonically stirring for 4 hours rapidly, and in the stirring process, dropwise adding a mixed solution B consisting of 20 mL of ethanol and 0.13 mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the solution, sealing, centrifuging, cleaning, drying, and calcining at 650 ℃ for 3h to obtain the mesoporous silicon.
S2, preparing graphene oxide:
immersing 3 g of graphite powder in a mixed solution composed of 60 mL of sulfuric acid and 10mL of phosphoric acid, stirring for 30 min in an ice bath, adding 5 g of sodium nitrate, stirring for 30 min, adding 15 g of potassium permanganate, stirring for 2 h at 35 ℃, adding 150 mL of deionized water, stirring for 2 h at 95 ℃, adding 70 mL of a mixed solution composed of hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, stirring for 30 min, slowly adding a mixed solution of 7 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid and 50 mL of water, centrifuging, washing with water, taking out a supernatant, adjusting the pH to be neutral, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 4h, and evaporating at 68 ℃ to obtain graphene oxide;
s3, preparation of an adsorbent:
dissolving 1 g of mesoporous silicon obtained in S1 and 50 mg of crown ether in 30 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide solution, vacuumizing for 6h at 45 ℃, performing rotary evaporation for 12 h at 80 ℃ to remove N, N-dimethylformamide, cleaning, centrifuging, and drying to obtain an adsorbent;
s4, preparation of an ion separation membrane:
dissolving 0.2 g of graphene oxide obtained in S2 and 4 g of polyvinylidene fluoride in a 20 g N-methyl pyrrolidone solution, stirring for 36h, uniformly coating the obtained emulsion on a flat plate, simultaneously immersing the flat plate coated with the emulsion and the adsorbent obtained in S3 in a mixed solution consisting of ethanol and water, soaking for 24h, scraping a membrane, eluting, and airing to obtain the ion separation membrane.
S5 application of ion separation membrane in selective separation of rubidium ions
FIG. 4 is a graph of the selective adsorption and selective permeation profiles of Rb-ISMs; wherein the left side is a selective adsorption curve graph, and the right side is a selective permeation curve graph; as shown in FIG. 4, the results of the left selective adsorption experiments show that the prepared Rb-ISMs have the adsorption capacity of 5.352, 13.14, 2889, 40.29 and 48.06 mg/g for 3h for rubidium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions in the mixed solution with the concentration of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L; 0.872, 2.616, 7.951, 15.93, 18.61 mg/g; 1.136, 4.025, 9.704, 13.38, 16.21 mg/g; 1.493, 5.181, 11.88, 19.12 and 23.14 mg/g. The experimental results show that the prepared ion separation membrane has higher adsorption capacity on rubidium ions than calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions in a mixed solution with the concentration of 5-75 mg/L, namely, the ion separation membrane has the function of selective adsorption and separation on rubidium ions.
As shown in FIG. 4, the results of the right side perm-selective experiments showed that the concentrations of rubidium, calcium, magnesium and cesium ions in the permeate passing through Rb-ISMs were 0.221, 0.381, 0.569, 0.721, 0.754, 0.836, 0.873, 0.883mg/L at 5, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180min, respectively; 0.151, 0.192, 0.245, 0.302, 0.347, 0.379, 0.382, 0.398 mg/L; 0.022, 0.034, 0.076, 0.091, 0.114, 0.112, 0.133 and 0.125 mg/L, and 0.091, 0.114, 0.178, 0.185, 0.206, 0.217, 0.324 and 0.327 mg/L. The experimental results show that the prepared ion separation membrane has higher permeability to rubidium ions than calcium ions, magnesium ions and cesium ions within 5-180 min, namely has the function of promoting permeation of the rubidium ions, and has no influence on the calcium ions, the magnesium ions and the cesium ions, so that the selective separation of the rubidium ions and analogues thereof is realized.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the ion separation membrane is characterized in that graphene oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride are dissolved in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solution and stirred to form emulsion of a pre-blending system, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the polyvinylidene fluoride to the N-methyl pyrrolidone is 1: 20: 100, respectively; immersing the flat plate coated with the emulsion and the adsorbent in a mixed solution consisting of ethanol and water at the same time, and obtaining an ion separation membrane after scraping, eluting and airing; the adsorbent is prepared by dissolving mesoporous silicon and crown ether in N, N-dimethylformamide solution, vacuumizing until saturation, and removing N, N-dimethylformamide by rotary evaporation; the preparation method of the mesoporous silicon comprises the following steps: soaking ferric oxide in the mixed solution A, performing ultrasonic homogenization, dropwise adding the mixed solution B in the process of rapid stirring to obtain silicon-coated ferric oxide, soaking the silicon-coated ferric oxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the mixed solution A, performing ultrasonic homogenization, dropwise adding the mixed solution B in the process of rapid stirring, and calcining to obtain mesoporous silicon; the mixed solution A consists of deionized water, ethanol and ammonia water, and the mixed solution B consists of ethanol and ethyl orthosilicate.
2. The method for preparing an ion separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the stirring time is 12 to 36 hours, and the soaking time is 6 to 24 hours.
3. The method for preparing an ion separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mesoporous silicon to the crown ether is 20: 1.
4. the method for producing an ion separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the crown ether is 18-crown-6 ether.
5. The method for preparing an ion separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the rotary evaporation is 80 ℃ and the time of the rotary evaporation is 12-36 hours.
6. The method for preparing an ion separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the rapid stirring time is 4 to 8 hours; the calcining temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the calcining time is 3-6 h.
7. An ion separation membrane produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the ion separation membrane of claim 7 for adsorbing or separating rubidium ions.
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