CN111049372A - Voltage converter and voltage change control method - Google Patents
Voltage converter and voltage change control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111049372A CN111049372A CN201911419166.6A CN201911419166A CN111049372A CN 111049372 A CN111049372 A CN 111049372A CN 201911419166 A CN201911419166 A CN 201911419166A CN 111049372 A CN111049372 A CN 111049372A
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- position power
- power switching
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- switch tube
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
- H02M3/072—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps adapted to generate an output voltage whose value is lower than the input voltage
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Abstract
The present embodiment discloses a voltage converter and a voltage change control method, wherein a plurality of sequentially cascaded basic unit circuits include two bridge arms that are symmetrically arranged and have the same circuit structure, and any one of the bridge arms includes: four power switch tubes connected in series in sequence; the first position capacitor is connected in parallel with the first position power switch tube and the second position power switch tube; the second position capacitor is connected in parallel with the third position power switch tube and the fourth position power switch tube; the fifth position capacitor is connected in parallel with the second position power switch tube and the third position power switch tube; and the control signal sending circuit is used for generating and sending control signals to control eight power switching tubes in two bridge arms in each cascaded basic unit circuit to be conducted in stages, so that the basic unit circuit outputs the input voltage after the input voltage is reduced, wherein the voltage output by the basic unit circuit is configured to be obtained based on the number of the basic unit circuits. The invention realizes non-inductive voltage change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-inductive components, in particular to a voltage converter and a voltage change control method.
Background
The traditional electric energy conversion usually adopts an electromagnetic transformer, has the advantages of electric isolation, high efficiency, large capacity and the like, but also has the defects of large volume, large audio noise, harmonic pollution and the like. With the miniaturization development of electronic equipment, the traditional electromagnetic transformer cannot meet the requirement of miniaturization of the electronic equipment.
Miniaturization and micromation of magnetic elements (inductors or transformers) are one of key technologies for integration of power electronic systems, and improving the switching frequency under the soft switching technology is undoubtedly a very effective measure, so that the volumes of the inductors and the transformers in the circuit can be reduced, and the performance of the whole circuit is improved; however, when the switching frequency reaches about 400kHz to 500kHz, the loss between the main switch and the magnetic element increases, the conversion efficiency decreases, the electromagnetic noise increases, the size of the filter capacitor for suppressing noise increases, and the switching frequency is increased, which only has a negative effect.
The basic idea of reducing the magnetic elements is to develop a non-inductive transducer, and how to design the non-inductive transducer becomes a problem to be solved urgently at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage converter which realizes an noninductive voltage change.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a voltage converter comprising: a plurality of sequentially cascaded basic unit circuits including two bridge arms which are symmetrically arranged and have the same circuit structure, wherein any one of the bridge arms comprises: the power switching device comprises a first position power switching tube, a second position power switching tube, a third position power switching tube and a fourth position power switching tube which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the second position power switching tube and the third position power switching tube are configured to be a cascade point; the first position capacitor is connected in parallel with the first position power switch tube and the second position power switch tube; the second position capacitor is connected in parallel with the third position power switch tube and the fourth position power switch tube; the fifth position capacitor is connected in parallel with the second position power switch tube and the third position power switch tube; and the control signal sending circuit is used for generating and sending control signals to control four power switching tubes in the two bridge arms to be conducted in stages, so that the basic unit circuit outputs the input voltage after the input voltage is reduced, wherein the voltage output by the basic unit circuit is configured to be obtained based on the number of the basic unit circuits.
Preferably, the control signal transmitting circuit is connected with the gates of the eight power switching tubes of the two bridge arms.
Preferably, a load resistor is connected to a cascade point of the plurality of basic unit circuits, which is cascaded to the last basic unit circuit.
Further, a voltage variation control method that uses the above-described voltage converter, and includes: controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms corresponding to each voltage converter to be conducted and controlling the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be turned off through a control signal sending circuit so as to charge the fifth position capacitor; and controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms corresponding to each voltage converter to be switched off through a control signal sending circuit, and controlling the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be switched on so as to discharge the fifth position capacitor.
Preferably, the voltage variation control method further includes: in one period, sending a first control signal with a preset duty ratio to eight position power tubes of the two bridge arms through the control signal sending circuit, wherein the preset duty ratio is 50%, and sending a second control signal matched with the preset duty ratio to the eight position power tubes of the two bridge arms through the control signal sending circuit; the first control signal and the second control signal are matched to form a control signal of one period.
Preferably, before the controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be both turned on and the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be both turned off by the control signal sending circuit, the voltage change control method further includes: acquiring a voltage output value reflecting user requirements; determining the cascade number of the basic unit circuits according to the voltage output value, wherein each basic unit circuit reduces the input voltage according to a preset voltage proportion; and building the voltage converter based on the cascade number of the basic unit circuits.
According to the technical scheme, the basic structure of the voltage converter is obtained through the basic unit circuit, wherein no inductor is used, in addition, the on-off control in the basic unit circuit is realized through the control signal sending circuit, so that the basic unit circuit outputs the input voltage after the voltage is reduced, the size and the weight of the converter can be finally reduced, the power density is improved, and the equivalent internal resistance is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a voltage converter of the present invention; and
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the effect of signal transmission in the control signal transmission circuit of the voltage converter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
A voltage converter of the present embodiment of fig. 1, said voltage converter comprising: a plurality of sequentially cascaded basic unit circuits including two bridge arms which are symmetrically arranged and have the same circuit structure, wherein any one of the bridge arms comprises: the power switching device comprises a first position power switching tube, a second position power switching tube, a third position power switching tube and a fourth position power switching tube which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the second position power switching tube and the third position power switching tube are configured to be a cascade point; the first position capacitor is connected in parallel with the first position power switch tube and the second position power switch tube; the second position capacitor is connected in parallel with the third position power switch tube and the fourth position power switch tube; the fifth position capacitor is connected in parallel with the second position power switch tube and the third position power switch tube; and the control signal sending circuit is used for generating and sending control signals to control eight power switching tubes in two bridge arms in each cascaded basic unit circuit to be conducted in stages, so that the basic unit circuit outputs the input voltage after the input voltage is reduced, wherein the voltage output by the basic unit circuit is configured to be obtained based on the number of the basic unit circuits.
Preferably, the control signal transmitting circuit is connected with the gates of the eight power switching tubes of the two bridge arms.
Preferably, a load resistor is connected to a cascade point of the plurality of basic unit circuits, which is cascaded to the last basic unit circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is mainly composed of a plurality of basic unit circuits which are cascaded in sequence: each basic unit circuit consists of two symmetrical capacitors and a plurality of groups of power switch tubes which are connected in series in sequence, hence the name two-leg switched capacitor converter, the left half is called the left leg, the right half is called the right leg, the converter circuit comprises 6n capacitors and 8n power switching tubes, wherein the 8n power switching tubes are a first position power switching tube, a second position power switching tube, a third position power switching tube, a fourth position power switching tube, a fifth position power switching tube, a sixth position power switching tube, a seventh position power switching tube, an eighth position power switching tube …, an n1 position power switching tube, an n2 position power switching tube, an n3 position power switching tube, an n4 position power switching tube, an n5 position power switching tube, an n6 position power switching tube, an n7 position power switching tube and an n8 position power switching tube in sequence; the two ends of the first position power switch tube and the second position power switch tube are connected with a first position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the third position power switch tube and the fourth position power switch tube are connected with a second position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the second position power switch tube and the third position power switch tube are connected with a fifth position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the fifth position power switch tube and the sixth position power switch tube are connected with a third position capacitor in parallel, and a seventh position power switch tube and a sixth position power switch tube are connected with a seventh position capacitor in parallelThe two ends of the power switch tube and the eighth position power switch tube are connected with a fourth position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the sixth position power switch tube and the seventh position power switch tube are connected with a sixth position capacitor … in parallel, the two ends of the n1 position power switch tube and the n2 position power switch tube are connected with an n1 position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the n3 position power switch tube and the n4 position power switch tube are connected with an n2 position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the n2 position power switch tube and the n3 position power switch tube are connected with an n5 position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the n5 position power switch tube and the n6 position power switch tube are connected with an n3 position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the n7 position power switch tube and the n8 position power switch tube are connected with an n4 position capacitor in parallel, the two ends of the n6 position power switch tube and the n7 position power switch tube are connected with an n6 position capacitor in parallel, the output end of each basic unit is connected with the input end of the lower basic unit, thereby forming a cascade type
A double-bridge arm switch capacitor converter with voltage transformation ratio.
The number of the basic unit circuits is n, and the number of the n basic unit circuits can be changed at will, so that different voltage transformation ratios are realized.
The upper ends of (n-1) 2-position capacitors and (n-1) 4-position capacitors in the (n-1) th basic unit circuit are power output ends, and the two ends of the upper ends of the n 1-position capacitors and the n 3-position capacitors in the next basic unit circuit are connected as the input of the nth basic unit circuit, so that the output and input of the converter are realized
Voltage transformation ratio of (1). The input end of the converter is connected with 220V commercial power at 50Hz, and the output end of the nth stage is connected with the load.
Each power switch tube of the double-bridge-arm switch capacitor converter is driven by a PWM signal provided by a driving circuit, and the driving circuit is connected with a grid electrode of each power switch tube.
Wherein, each basic unit circuit is completely the same, has symmetry, good stability, and can realize inputOutput and input voltages of
The voltage of the power supply output end of the nth stage basic unit circuit and the voltage of the power supply input end of the first stage basic unit circuit are the product of the step-down conversion ratios of all the basic unit circuits, so that the conversion of the output, the input and the output can be realized
Voltage transformation ratio of (1).
For example, for a voltage converter with only one basic unit circuit, the basic unit circuit is directly composed of two symmetrical capacitors and a plurality of groups of power switching tubes which are sequentially connected in series, so that the voltage converter is called a double-bridge-arm switched capacitor converter, the left half part is called a left bridge arm, the right half part is called a right bridge arm, the left bridge arm is sequentially connected in series by four power switching tubes from top to bottom, and is respectively a first position power switching tube, a second position power switching tube, a third position power switching tube and a fourth position power switching tube, two ends of the first position power switching tube and two ends of the second position power switching tube are connected in parallel with a first position capacitor, two ends of the third position power switching tube and two ends of the fourth position power switching tube are connected in parallel with a second position capacitor, and two ends of the second position power switching tube and two ends of the third position power switching tube are connected in parallel with a fifth position capacitor; the right bridge arm is also sequentially connected in series by four power switching tubes from top to bottom, and is respectively a fifth position power switching tube, a sixth position power switching tube, a seventh position power switching tube and an eighth position power switching tube, the fifth position power switching tube and the sixth position power switching tube are connected with a third position capacitor in parallel, the seventh position power switching tube and the eighth position power switching tube are connected with a fourth position capacitor in parallel, and the sixth position power switching tube and the seventh position power switching tube are connected with a sixth position capacitor in parallel. Wherein, a basic unit circuit is formed, n is 1, 6n capacitors are respectively a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 …, a capacitor C6n, 8n power switch tubes are respectively a first position power switch tube and an 8 th position power switch tube of a second position power switch tube …, and the output-input transformation ratio is realized to be
The equivalent circuit of the converter consists of an equivalent resistor and an equivalent capacitor. Wherein the values of the equivalent resistance and the equivalent capacitance and the power dissipation generated in the circuit are much smaller than those of a conventional switching power supply AC-AC converter comprising a magnetic element. Meanwhile, the converter does not contain a magnetic element and only consists of a capacitor and a power switch tube, so that compared with the traditional switching power supply, the size is greatly reduced, the weight is greatly reduced, and the power density is improved.
In each stage of basic unit circuit, the n5 th position capacitor ensures the balance of voltage between the n1 th position capacitor and the n2 th position capacitor, and the n6 th position capacitor ensures the balance of voltage between the n3 th position capacitor and the n4 th position capacitor.
In addition, the present embodiment also provides a voltage variation control method using the above-described voltage converter, and the control method includes: controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms corresponding to each voltage converter to be conducted and controlling the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be turned off through a control signal sending circuit so as to charge the fifth position capacitor; and controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms corresponding to each voltage converter to be switched off through a control signal sending circuit, and controlling the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be switched on so as to discharge the fifth position capacitor.
Preferably, the voltage variation control method further includes: in one period, sending a first control signal with a preset duty ratio to eight position power tubes of the two bridge arms through the control signal sending circuit, wherein the preset duty ratio is 50%, and sending a second control signal matched with the preset duty ratio to the eight position power tubes of the two bridge arms through the control signal sending circuit; the first control signal and the second control signal are matched to form a control signal of one period.
Preferably, before the controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be both turned on and the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be both turned off by the control signal sending circuit, the voltage change control method further includes: acquiring a voltage output value reflecting user requirements; determining the cascade number of the basic unit circuits according to the voltage output value, wherein each basic unit circuit reduces the input voltage according to a preset voltage proportion; and building the voltage converter based on the cascade number of the basic unit circuits.
The driving circuit provides PWM signals for driving each power switch tube, and controls the on and off of the power switch tubes, so that the circuit works in different states. In order to ensure the stability and balance of the voltage on the circuit and the capacitors in the circuit, a duty ratio of 0.5 is usually adopted.
Since the on-state voltage of the general power switch tube is 12-20V, firstly, an integrated PWM control chip such as SG3525 is adopted to generate a PWM signal, and the voltage generated by the integrated PWM control chip is amplified through a simple driving circuit so as to reach the on-state voltage of the general power switch tube, thereby controlling the on-state and the off-state of the power switch tube. The PWM signal is shown in fig. 2, where the PWM signal period (i.e. the switching period of the power switch tube) is set to Ts and the signal duty ratio is D. Taking the positive half cycle of the input ac voltage as an example, the operating state is described as follows:
during the positive half of the power cycle, each basic cell circuit consists of two phases of operation.
The first stage DT: the power switch tubes Sn1, Sn3, Sn5 and Sn7 are switched on, and the power switch tubes Sn2, Sn4, Sn6 and Sn8 are switched off; in the first phase, the capacitors Cn5 and Cn6 are charged, first, the capacitor Cn1 is discharged and the capacitor Cn2 is charged, and when the current of the capacitor falls to 0 at the same time, the direction of charging and discharging of the capacitor changes, i.e., the capacitor Cn2 is charged and the capacitor Cn1 is discharged, until the end of the first phase. The capacitors Cn5 and Cn6 are always charged during this phase.
And a second stage: the power switches Sn1, Sn3, Sn5 and Sn7 are turned off; the power switch tubes Sn2, Sn4, Sn6 and Sn8 are conducted; in the second phase, the capacitors Cn5 and Cn6 are discharged, first, the capacitor Cn1 is discharged and the capacitor Cn2 is charged, and when the current of the capacitor falls to 0 at the same time, the direction of charging and discharging the capacitor changes, i.e., the capacitor Cn2 is discharged and the capacitor Cn1 is charged, until the end of the second phase. The capacitors Cn5 and Cn6 are discharged all the time during this phase.
The next switching cycle repeats the process of the previous cycle. During the negative half of the mains cycle, the converter operates as in the positive half, with only the current flow being reversed.
In conclusion, the invention provides a new idea of cascading basic unit circuits, and cascades the basic double-bridge arm switch capacitor converter unit circuits, so that the inherent idea that the voltage output transformation ratio of the original double-bridge arm switch capacitor converter is limited is broken, more different step-down transformation ratios are realized for the double-bridge arm switch capacitor converter, a brand-new circuit topological structure is obtained, and the invention has great innovation and research value.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A voltage converter, characterized in that the voltage converter comprises:
a plurality of sequentially cascaded basic unit circuits including two bridge arms which are symmetrically arranged and have the same circuit structure, wherein any one of the bridge arms comprises:
the power switching device comprises a first position power switching tube, a second position power switching tube, a third position power switching tube and a fourth position power switching tube which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the second position power switching tube and the third position power switching tube are configured to be a cascade point;
the first position capacitor is connected in parallel with the first position power switch tube and the second position power switch tube;
the second position capacitor is connected in parallel with the third position power switch tube and the fourth position power switch tube; and
the fifth position capacitor is connected in parallel with the second position power switch tube and the third position power switch tube; and
and the control signal sending circuit is used for generating and sending control signals to control eight power switching tubes in two bridge arms in each cascaded basic unit circuit to be conducted in stages, so that the basic unit circuit outputs the input voltage after the input voltage is reduced, wherein the voltage output by the basic unit circuit is configured to be obtained based on the number of the basic unit circuits.
2. The voltage converter according to claim 1, wherein the control signal transmission circuit is connected to the gates of eight power switching tubes of the two legs.
3. The voltage converter according to claim 1, wherein a load resistor is connected to a cascade point of the plurality of basic cell circuits that is cascaded to a last basic cell circuit.
4. A voltage change control method characterized in that the control method uses the voltage converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the control method comprises:
controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms corresponding to each voltage converter to be conducted and controlling the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be turned off through a control signal sending circuit so as to charge the fifth position capacitor; and
and controlling the first position power switching tubes and the third position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms corresponding to each voltage converter to be switched off through a control signal sending circuit, and controlling the second position power switching tubes and the fourth position power switching tubes of the two bridge arms to be switched on so as to discharge the fifth position capacitor.
5. The voltage variation control method according to claim 4, further comprising:
in one period, sending a first control signal with a preset duty ratio to eight position power tubes of the two bridge arms through the control signal sending circuit, wherein the preset duty ratio is 50%, and sending a second control signal matched with the preset duty ratio to the eight position power tubes of the two bridge arms through the control signal sending circuit;
the first control signal and the second control signal are matched to form a control signal of one period.
6. The voltage variation control method according to claim 4, wherein before the controlling, by the control signal sending circuit, the first position power switch tube and the third position power switch tube of the two bridge arms to be turned on and the second position power switch tube and the fourth position power switch tube of the two bridge arms to be turned off, the voltage variation control method further comprises:
acquiring a voltage output value reflecting user requirements;
determining the cascade number of the basic unit circuits according to the voltage output value, wherein each basic unit circuit reduces the input voltage according to a preset voltage proportion; and
the voltage converter is built based on the number of cascades of the basic cell circuits.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911419166.6A CN111049372A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Voltage converter and voltage change control method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911419166.6A CN111049372A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Voltage converter and voltage change control method |
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| CN111049372A true CN111049372A (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111313707A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-06-19 | 广东希荻微电子有限公司 | DC/DC power supply conversion system |
| CN112019052A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2020-12-01 | 广东希荻微电子有限公司 | Power conversion circuit, power conversion system and power chip |
-
2019
- 2019-12-31 CN CN201911419166.6A patent/CN111049372A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111313707A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-06-19 | 广东希荻微电子有限公司 | DC/DC power supply conversion system |
| CN112019052A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2020-12-01 | 广东希荻微电子有限公司 | Power conversion circuit, power conversion system and power chip |
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