CN111049205A - Battery management method and power supply system - Google Patents
Battery management method and power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111049205A CN111049205A CN201811194015.0A CN201811194015A CN111049205A CN 111049205 A CN111049205 A CN 111049205A CN 201811194015 A CN201811194015 A CN 201811194015A CN 111049205 A CN111049205 A CN 111049205A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery management method, which is applied to a power supply system comprising a plurality of battery units, wherein the battery units are mutually connected in series and form a battery path; and for each battery unit, controlling a switching unit corresponding to the battery unit according to the battery voltage of the battery unit, so that the battery unit is selectively connected in series with the battery path or bypasses the battery path.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a battery management method and a power supply system, and more particularly, to a battery management method and a power supply system capable of dynamically managing battery cells in a power supply system.
Background
Generally, in order to increase the power capacity of a power system, a plurality of battery units are integrally disposed to store and provide power. However, when the power system is performing charging operation and discharging operation, each battery cell has different charging/discharging capabilities due to different non-ideal effects such as process variation and coupling relationship. Therefore, the power supply system employs a battery balancing technique to balance the power stored in the battery during the charging operation. Therefore, the battery balancing technology has become an indispensable important technology for power supply systems nowadays, and the battery cells can be protected to prolong the service life of the power supply systems.
Further, the cell balancing technique may be classified into passive balancing and active balancing. The passive balance utilizes the switching of the passive components, and when charging, the battery unit with higher power is discharged to the power close to other battery units through the passive components, and then the charging operation is carried out. Although the cost of passive balancing is low, it causes additional heat and power consumption during charging of the power system. The active balancing is switched by using a switch, and the battery unit with lower power is charged by using the battery unit with higher power during charging, so as to balance the power among the battery units. Although active balancing does not generate additional heat and power consumption, a determination circuit is additionally designed to control the power of each battery unit, thereby increasing the complexity and manufacturing cost of the power system.
Therefore, it is a common objective of the industry to provide a battery management method and a power system that are inexpensive to manufacture and can balance the power of the battery cells.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the present invention provides a battery management method and a power system, which can dynamically manage the power of the battery unit to achieve the purposes of prolonging the service life of the power system, protecting the safety of users, and improving the power utilization efficiency of the power system, so as to solve the above problems.
The invention discloses a battery management method, which is applied to a power supply system comprising a plurality of battery units, wherein the battery units are mutually connected in series and form a battery path, and the battery management method comprises the following steps: sensing a battery voltage of each battery unit in the power supply system; and for each battery unit, controlling a switching unit corresponding to the battery unit according to the battery voltage of the battery unit, so that the battery unit is selectively connected in series with the battery path or bypasses the battery path.
The invention also discloses a power supply system, comprising: a plurality of battery cells for storing electric power; and a plurality of switching units respectively corresponding to the plurality of battery units, wherein each switching unit is respectively used for switching a corresponding battery unit to be connected in series with a battery path or bypass the battery path; the processing circuit is used for sensing a battery voltage corresponding to each battery unit in the power supply system so as to control the switching unit corresponding to the battery unit; the processing circuit controls a switching unit corresponding to the battery unit according to the battery voltage of the battery unit so that the battery unit is selectively connected in series with the battery path or bypasses the battery path.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2A and fig. 2B are schematic diagrams illustrating a coupling relationship between a battery unit and a corresponding switching unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3A to fig. 3D are schematic diagrams illustrating a coupling relationship of a power system during a charging operation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of voltages between two output terminals when the power system performs a charging operation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of voltages between two output terminals when a power system performs a discharging operation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a switching unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
10 power supply system
100 processing circuit
40. 50 curve
70 flow path
700. 702, 704, 706
Bat 1-Batn battery cell
I _ cha charging current
In input terminal
M1, M2N type MOS
M3, M4P-type MOS
Num cell number signal
Out1, Out2, Sw _ Out1, Sw _ Out2 output terminals
Sel select signal
Sw system switch
Sw 1-Swn switching unit
T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 time
V1-Vn, Vout cell voltage
Vout voltage
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system 10 according to an embodiment of the invention. The power system 10 can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and can obtain and store power from an external power source through the output terminals Out1 and Out2, or provide power to an electronic device through the output terminals Out1 and Out2 for operation. It should be noted that the power system 10 is composed of a plurality of battery cells Bat 1-Batn, and each battery cell can be used separately for storing or providing power, and the power system 10 integrates a plurality of battery cells therein by connecting them in series to form a power storage system capable of storing power and supplying current. Due to process variations, installation manners of the battery cells, or different usage conditions, each battery cell has different charging and discharging characteristics, or each battery cell has different aging rates for charging and discharging, so that the aging degree of each battery cell in the battery system 10 is different. If a user charges the power supply system 10 with different degrees of aged battery cells, the aged battery cells in the power supply system 10 are fully charged, but the remaining battery cells in the power supply system 10 that are not fully charged still need to be charged. On the other hand, when a user discharges a power supply system 10 having a different degree of aged battery cells, the aged battery cells in the power supply system 10 may run out of power, but the remaining power cells in the power supply system 10 still store enough power to continue discharging. In short, when the power supply system 10 has a degraded battery unit, the charging or discharging condition may cause a safety hazard to the user. Therefore, the present invention proposes a power supply system 10 to improve the safety of the power supply system 10 by improving the concern of the power supply system 10 with aged battery cells about the safety hazard of users during charging and discharging.
In detail, the power supply system 10 includes battery cells Bat1 to Batn, a system switch Sw, switching units Sw1 to Swn, and a processing circuit 100. Each switching unit in the power system 10 corresponds to a battery unit for switching the coupling relationship of the corresponding battery unit. The processing circuit 100 is coupled to the battery cells Bat 1-Batn and the switching units Sw 1-Swn, and is used for sensing the battery voltages V1-Vn of each battery cell and indicating the corresponding switching unit of the battery cell accordingly to control the coupling relationship of each battery cell. In addition, the processing circuit 100 additionally senses a voltage Vout and controls the operation of the system switch Sw accordingly.
Further, please refer to fig. 2A and fig. 2B, which are schematic diagrams of a battery cell Bat1 and a corresponding switching unit Sw1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The switching unit Sw1 selects whether to couple to the battery cell Bat1 according to the control signal Ctrl1 generated by the processing circuit 100 in the power supply system 10. As shown in fig. 2A, when the switching unit Sw1 is coupled to the battery cell Bat1, the battery cell Bat1 is connected in series to the battery path, and the current of the power system 10 flows through the battery cell Bat 1. Therefore, when the switching unit Sw1 is coupled to the battery cell Bat1, the battery cell Bat1 can perform the same charging operation or discharging operation as the power supply system 10. As shown in fig. 2B, when the switching unit Sw1 is not coupled to the battery cell Bat1 but directly coupled to the battery cell Bat2 of the next stage, the battery cell Bat1 is bypassed in the battery path, and the current of the power system 10 does not flow through the battery cell Bat 1. Therefore, by switching the switching unit Sw1, the battery cell Bat1 can be selectively connected in series or bypassed in the battery path of the power system 10, and then the battery cell Bat1 is controlled to perform charging operation or discharging operation, and so on, each battery cell can be selectively connected in series or bypassed in the battery path of the power system 10 by switching of its corresponding switching unit.
Further regarding the charging operation of the power system 10, first, the processing circuit 100 of the power system 10 may sense the battery voltage of each battery cell in the power system and compare the battery voltage of each battery cell with an overcharge voltage to determine whether each battery cell is fully charged. When the battery voltage of the battery cell is less than the overcharge voltage, which indicates that the battery cell is not fully charged and can continue to be charged, the processing circuit 100 accordingly instructs the corresponding switch unit of the battery cell (the battery cell Bat1 corresponds to the switch unit Sw1, the battery cell Bat2 corresponds to the switch unit Sw2, and so on), so that the switch unit is coupled to the battery cell, and the power system 10 can continue to charge the battery cell which is not fully charged. When the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the overcharge voltage, which represents that the battery cell corresponding to the battery voltage is fully charged, the processing circuit 10 instructs the switching unit corresponding to the battery cell accordingly, so that the switching unit bypasses the battery cell, the power supply system 10 stops charging the fully charged battery cell, and continues to charge the remaining battery cells.
To further explain the charging operation of the power supply system 10, the following description will take the number n of the battery cells and the switching unit as 4 as an example. Referring to fig. 3A to 3D and fig. 4, fig. 3A to 3D are schematic diagrams illustrating a coupling relationship of a power system 10 during a charging operation according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the voltage Vout between the output terminals Out1 and Out2 of the power supply system 10 according to the embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the power supply system 10 includes battery cells Bat1 to Bat4, switching units Sw1 to Sw4, and the overcharge voltage of the battery cells Bat1 to Bat4 is set to 4.2V. Fig. 3A to 3D are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of the power system 10 during a continuous time period, wherein the coupling relationship of the power system 10 in fig. 3A corresponds to the time period T0-time period T1 in fig. 4; the coupling relationship of the power system 10 in FIG. 3B corresponds to the time T1-time T2 in FIG. 4; the coupling relationship of the power system 10 in FIG. 3C corresponds to the time T2-time T3 in FIG. 4; the coupling relationship of the power supply system 10 of fig. 3D corresponds to after time T3 of fig. 4. It is noted that the processing circuit 100 is omitted from fig. 3A to 3D for better understanding.
When an external power source provides power to the power system 10 through the output terminals Out1 and Out2 to start the charging operation of the power system 10, the processing circuit 100 obtains the battery voltages V1 to V4 of the battery cells Bat1 to Bat4 and determines whether the battery voltages V1 to V4 are less than or equal to the overcharge voltage. As shown in fig. 3A, the processing circuit 100 compares the battery voltages V1-V4 with the overcharge voltage, and determines that none of the battery voltages V1-V4 reach the overcharge voltage, thereby controlling the switching units Sw 1-Sw 4 to be coupled to the battery cells Bat 1-Bat 4, respectively. In other words, a charging current I _ cha of the power system 10 can flow through a battery path formed by the battery cells Bat1 Bat4 connected in series by controlling the switching units Sw 1-Sw 4, so that the battery cells Bat1 Bat4 can be charged. As shown in fig. 3B, when the process 100 determines that the battery voltage V2 of the battery cell Bat2 is greater than or equal to the overcharge voltage (V2 ≧ the overcharge voltage of 4.2V), the processing circuit 100 controls the switching unit Sw2 to bypass the battery cell Bat2 accordingly. As shown in fig. 3B, the processing circuit 100 controls the switching unit Sw2 such that one end of the switching unit Sw2 is coupled to the battery cell Bat1 and the other end of the switching unit Sw2 is coupled to the battery cell Bat 3. At this time, since the battery voltages (e.g., battery voltages V1, V3, V4) of the remaining battery cells are not greater than or equal to the overcharge voltage. In the case where the remaining battery voltages V1, V3, V4 are not greater than the overcharge voltage, the processing circuit 100 controls the switching units Sw1, Sw3, Sw3 so that the charging current I _ cha may flow through the battery path formed by the series connection of the battery cells Bat1, Bat3, Bat 4. Therefore, the power supply system 10 may bypass the fully charged battery cell Bat2 and exclude it from the charging operation, leaving the non-fully charged battery cells Bat1, Bat3, Bat4 in the battery path to continue the charging operation. Then, by analogy, as shown in fig. 3C and 3D, the processing circuit 100 sequentially determines that the battery cells Bat4 and Bat3 have reached or exceeded the overcharge voltage, and accordingly controls the switching unit Sw4 and the switching unit Sw3 to bypass the battery cells Bat4 and Bat3, respectively, so that the charging current I _ cha does not flow through the battery cells Bat4 and Bat3, and the charging operation is not performed on the battery cells Bat4 and Bat 3.
As shown in fig. 4, the curve 40 shows the voltage Vout between the output terminals Out1, Out 2. During the time period T0-T1, the processing circuit 100 determines that none of the battery cells Bat 1-Bat 4 has reached the overcharge voltage. In this way, when the power supply system 10 is charged in the Constant Current (CC) charging mode, the voltage Vout input to the power supply system 10 from the external power supply via the output terminals Out1 and Out2 gradually rises. At time T1, processing circuit 100 determines that cell Bat2 has reached an overcharge voltage, thereby switching cell Bat2 to bypass the battery path and exclude it from the battery path and charging operations. It should be noted that the processing circuit 100 further generates a cell number signal Num to be transmitted to the external power source, where the cell number signal Num corresponds to the number of cells performing the charging operation in the power system 10, so that the external power source adjusts the voltage Vout according to the cell number signal Num. For example, at time T1, the processing circuit 100 determines that the battery cell Bat2 is greater than the overcharge voltage and is switched to the bypass path. At this time, the cell number signal Num indicates that the number of cells performing the charging operation is 3. Therefore, the voltage Vout can be adjusted to be a product of the number indicated by the cell number signal Num and the overcharge voltage (3 × 4.2V — 12.6V). Therefore, the external power source can reduce the voltage Vout by one time of the overcharge voltage (i.e., from 16.8V to 12.6V) according to the instruction of the processing circuit 100, so as to adaptively adjust the charging operation performed on the power supply system 10. Similarly, at time T2, processing circuit 100 switches battery cell Bat4 to bypass the battery path and exclude it from the battery path and charging operations. Accordingly, the external power supply again reduces the voltage Vout by one time the overcharge voltage (i.e., from 12.6V to 8.4V). By analogy, at time T3, processing circuit 100 switches battery cell Bat3 to bypass the battery path and exclude it from the battery path and the charging operation, whereupon the external power supply reduces the charging voltage by a factor of the overcharge voltage (i.e., from 8.4V to 4.2V).
Referring next to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of the voltage Vout when the power supply system 10 performs the discharging operation according to the embodiment of the invention is shown. Similarly, the power supply system 10 shown in fig. 5 is described by taking the example where the number n of the battery cells and the number of the switching units are 4, and the overdischarge voltage of the battery cells Bat1 to Bat4 is set to 3V. As shown in FIG. 5, the curve 50 shows the voltage difference between the output terminals Out1, Out 2. In detail, the power supply system 10 is supplied with power from the battery cells Bat1 to Bat4 in a fully charged state, and therefore, at time T0, the power supply system 10 supplies the voltage Vout of 16.8V (i.e., four times the overcharge voltage). As power is consumed, the processing circuit 100 may compare the battery voltages V1 to V4 of the battery cells Bat1 to Bat4 in the power supply system 10 with the overdischarge voltage. When the battery voltage is less than or equal to the overdischarge voltage, the processing circuit 100 instructs the corresponding switching unit of the battery cell accordingly, bypasses the battery cell and is excluded from the battery path and the discharging operation of the power supply system 10. It is noted that the power supply system 10 can be set to end the discharging operation of the power supply system 10 when the output voltage Vout is too low. In this embodiment, the power supply system 10 is set to end the discharge operation when the voltage Vout is lower than the one-time overdischarge voltage (3V). Therefore, at time T4, the processing circuit 100 determines that the voltage Vout is lower than the overdischarge voltage, and controls the system switch Sw to end the discharging operation of the power system 10 accordingly. In short, the power supply system 10 may bypass the battery cells in the system when the battery cells are exhausted to continue the discharging operation. Therefore, it is not necessary to terminate the discharging operation when the power of any battery unit is exhausted, and the power utilization efficiency of the power supply system 10 is improved.
In this way, the processing circuit 100 senses the battery voltage of the battery unit and controls the operation of the corresponding switching unit accordingly, so that the power system 10 can bypass the fully charged battery unit and continue to perform the charging operation on the remaining battery units that are not fully charged during the charging operation; while performing the discharging operation, the power supply system 10 may bypass the power-depleted battery cell, and continue the discharging operation using the remaining non-depleted battery cells. Therefore, the charging and discharging time of each battery unit is adjusted according to the battery units with different charging and discharging characteristics and aging degrees, so that the power supply system 10 of the invention can prolong the service life of the power supply system 10, protect the safety of users and improve the power utilization efficiency of the power supply system.
In one embodiment, the operation of the switch unit is described as the switch unit Sw 1. Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a switching unit Sw1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input terminal In of the switching unit Sw1 is coupled to the output terminal Out 1. An output terminal Sw _ out1 of the switching unit Sw1 is coupled to the battery cell Bat 2. An output terminal Sw _ out2 of the switching unit Sw1 is coupled to the battery cell Bat1, and the switching unit Sw1 selectively couples the input terminal In to the output terminal Sw _ out1 or the output terminal Sw _ out2 according to a selection signal Sel. In detail, the switching unit Sw1 is a Single pole double break (SPDT) switch, which includes nmos M1, M2, pmos M3, M4. The nmos M1 is used to receive the select signal Sel to indicate whether the pmos M3 couples the input terminal In to the output terminal Sw _ out 1; the NMOS M2 is used for receiving the inverted selection signal generated by the NMOS M1
Indicating whether the pmos M4 couples the input terminal In to the output terminal Sw _ out 2. It should be noted that the switching unit Sw1 can be implemented In different embodiments according to different applications and design concepts, as long as the switching unit Sw1 can selectively couple the input terminal In to the output terminal Sw _ out1 or the output terminal Sw _ out2, which all fall within the scope of the present invention.
The operation of the power system 10 of the present invention can be summarized as a process 70, as shown in FIG. 7, the process 70 includes the following steps:
step 700: and starting.
Step 702: the processing circuit 100 senses the battery voltage of each battery cell in the power supply system 10.
Step 704: for each battery cell, the processing circuit 100 controls the switching unit corresponding to the battery cell according to the battery voltage of the battery cell, so as to couple or bypass the switching unit to the battery cell.
Step 706: and (6) ending.
Details of the process 70 are described in the related paragraphs above, and thus are not described herein.
The conventional power supply system can only be singly selected to be turned on or off to simultaneously charge and discharge all the internal battery cells when performing a charging operation or a discharging operation. Therefore, the fully charged battery cells cannot be discharged during the charging operation of the power system. Or when the power supply system is in a discharging operation, the power-depleted battery unit causes the power supply system to be shut down. Not only the power stored in the rest of the cells that are not exhausted during discharging can not be effectively utilized, but also the fully charged battery is continuously charged during charging, which causes safety hazard to users. In contrast, the power system of the present invention senses the battery voltage of each battery cell to control the switching unit corresponding to each battery cell, so as to dynamically adjust the battery path in the power system. In short, with the power supply system of the present invention, it is possible to avoid continuously charging the fully charged battery cells while performing the charging operation, and to avoid continuously discharging the battery cells with depleted power while performing the discharging operation. Therefore, the power supply system can dynamically adjust the battery path, thereby prolonging the service life of the power supply system, protecting the safety of users and improving the power utilization efficiency of the power supply system.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A battery management method is applied to a power supply system comprising a plurality of battery units, wherein the battery units are connected in series to form a battery path, and the battery management method comprises the following steps:
sensing a battery voltage of each battery unit in the power supply system; and
for each battery unit, a switching unit corresponding to the battery unit is controlled according to the battery voltage of the battery unit, so that the battery unit is selectively connected in series with the battery path or bypasses the battery path.
2. The battery management method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the switching unit corresponding to each battery cell according to the battery voltage of the battery cell so that the battery cell is connected in series with the battery path or bypassed with the battery path comprises:
comparing the battery voltage of the battery unit with a first voltage when the power supply system performs a discharging operation;
when the battery voltage of each battery unit is less than or equal to the first voltage, judging not to couple the switching unit to the battery unit, so that the battery unit bypasses the battery path and does not participate in the discharging operation; and
when the battery voltage of the battery unit is greater than the first voltage, the switching unit is coupled to the battery unit, so that the battery unit is connected in series with the battery path and the battery unit participates in the discharging operation.
3. The battery management method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the switching unit corresponding to the battery cell according to the battery voltage of the battery cell for each battery cell such that the battery cell is connected in series with the battery path or bypassed by the battery path comprises:
comparing the battery voltage of the battery unit with a second voltage when the power supply system performs a charging operation;
when the battery voltage of the battery unit is greater than or equal to the second voltage, judging not to couple the switching unit to the battery unit, so that the battery unit bypasses the battery path and does not participate in the charging operation; and
when the battery voltage of the battery unit is smaller than the second voltage, the switching unit is judged to be coupled to the battery unit, so that the battery unit is connected in series with the battery path and participates in the charging operation.
4. The battery management method of claim 3, further comprising:
generating a cell number signal according to a number of the cells included in the battery path in the power system;
the charging operation adjusts a charging voltage according to the cell number signal, and the charging voltage is equal to a product of the number and the second voltage.
5. A power supply system, comprising:
a plurality of battery cells for storing electric power; and
a plurality of switching units respectively corresponding to the plurality of battery units, wherein each switching unit is respectively used for switching a corresponding battery unit to be connected in series with a battery path or bypass the battery path; and
a processing circuit for sensing a battery voltage corresponding to each battery unit in the power system,
to control the switching unit corresponding to the battery unit;
the processing circuit controls a switching unit corresponding to the battery unit according to the battery voltage of the battery unit so that the battery unit is selectively connected in series with the battery path or bypasses the battery path.
6. The power system of claim 5, wherein the processing circuit compares the battery voltage of the battery cell with a first voltage during a discharging operation of the power system; when the battery voltage of each battery unit is less than or equal to the first voltage, the processing circuit judges that the switching unit is not coupled to the battery unit, so that the battery unit bypasses the battery path and the battery unit does not participate in the discharging operation; and when the battery voltage of the battery unit is greater than the first voltage, the processing circuit judges that the switching unit is coupled to the battery unit, so that the battery unit is connected in series with the battery path and the battery unit participates in the discharging operation.
7. The power system of claim 5, wherein the processing circuit compares the battery voltage of the battery cell with the second voltage during a charging operation of the power system; when the battery voltage of the battery unit is greater than or equal to the second voltage, the processing circuit judges that the switching unit is not coupled to the battery unit, so that the battery unit bypasses the battery path and the battery unit does not participate in the charging operation; and when the battery voltage of the battery unit is smaller than the second voltage, the processing circuit judges that the switching unit is coupled to the battery unit, so that the battery unit is connected in series with the battery path and the battery unit participates in the charging operation.
8. The power system of claim 7, wherein the processing circuit further generates a cell number signal based on a number of the cells included in the battery path in the power system; the charging operation adjusts a charging voltage according to the cell number signal, and the charging voltage is equal to a product of the number and the second voltage.
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| CN201811194015.0A CN111049205A (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | Battery management method and power supply system |
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| CN201811194015.0A CN111049205A (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | Battery management method and power supply system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20220029431A1 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-27 | Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a subsidiary of The Boeing Company | Switchable Battery Management System |
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Application publication date: 20200421 |