CN111048756A - High-conductivity silica negative electrode material and application thereof - Google Patents

High-conductivity silica negative electrode material and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111048756A
CN111048756A CN201911230649.1A CN201911230649A CN111048756A CN 111048756 A CN111048756 A CN 111048756A CN 201911230649 A CN201911230649 A CN 201911230649A CN 111048756 A CN111048756 A CN 111048756A
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silicon
negative electrode
coating layer
electrode material
conductivity
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陈青华
房冰
胡盼
刘江平
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Lanxi Zhide New Energy Materials Co ltd
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Lanxi Zhide New Energy Materials Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides a high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material which comprises a silicon-based core and a coating layer formed on the surface of the silicon-based core, wherein the coating layer comprises carbon and a fast ion conductor, and the fast ion conductor forms a complete ion transmission channel on the coating layer, is directly connected with the silicon-based core and extends to the surface of the coating layer. The fast ion conductor forms a complete ion channel on the coating layer, so that the silicon-oxygen cathode material can give consideration to both electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity, and meanwhile, an SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film is stabilized, and the material capacity and the electrochemical performance are effectively improved.

Description

High-conductivity silica negative electrode material and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery electrode materials, and particularly relates to a high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material and application thereof.
Background
With the gradual increase of power consumption of consumer electronics such as mobile phones and the like and the requirement of electric automobiles on endurance mileage, lithium ion batteries are forced to pursue higher energy density. The current commercialized negative electrode material is mainly graphite material, the specific capacity of which is close to the theoretical value (372mAh/g), and a negative electrode material with higher specific capacity is needed urgently. The silicon-based negative electrode material is a recognized next-generation negative electrode material with extremely high specific capacity (3580mAh/g), low lithium-intercalation/deintercalation potential, rich reserve capacity, no toxicity and harmlessness. However, the application of the silicon-based negative electrode is limited by the problems of large volume expansion (more than 300%), unstable SEI film, low conductivity and the like faced by the silicon-based negative electrode. At present, the problems can be solved to a certain extent by methods such as nanocrystallization, carbon compounding, and adoption of a silicon monoxide disproportionation method, but practical conditions are not yet achieved.
In order to solve the above problems, the patent application CN109728259A adopts a fast ion conductor layer and a fluorocarbon-containing material layer to coat a silicon substrate, where the fast ion conductor is located at an inner layer and the carbon material is located at an outer layer, so as to prevent the core of the silicon substrate from being corroded by HF, and at the same time, it is desirable to generate an artificial SEI film in situ and to accelerate the transmission of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the core of the silicon substrate. However, since the fast ion conductor is located in the inner layer, it is difficult to achieve the above effect. Patent application CN109119617A also uses a double-layer coating, the first coating layer comprises two-dimensional quinone aldehydes covalent organic framework material, the second coating layer comprises fast conductive ion material to improve the conduction effect of electrons and ions of the coating layer and alleviate the volume expansion, but the fast ion conductor layer is located at the outer layer, and the problem of lithium ion conduction of the silicon-based inner layer still cannot be solved. Patent application CN108493428A has formed compact and even coating on silicon carbon material surface through the coating of the fast ion lithium salt of design, has not only effectively reduced the side reaction on silicon carbon material surface, has played effectual inhibitory action to silicon carbon material's inflation, has improved the multiplying power performance of material simultaneously, but the cladding is compact leads to electron conductance poor to reduce material performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical defects in the background technology, the invention provides the high-conductivity silicon-oxygen cathode material which can give consideration to both electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity, can stabilize an SEI film, and can effectively improve the capacity and electrochemical performance of the material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material comprises a silicon-based inner core and a coating layer formed on the surface of the silicon-based inner core, wherein the coating layer comprises carbon and a fast ion conductor, and the fast ion conductor forms a complete ion transmission channel in the coating layer, is directly connected with the silicon-based inner core and extends to the surface of the coating layer.
Preferably, the chemical formula of the silicon-based material is SiOxWherein x is more than 0 and less than 2; preferably, the silicon-based material comprises one or more of nano silicon, silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide and a silicon oxygen compound doped with metal elements.
Preferably, the carbon in the coating layer comprises one or more of hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite, carbon nanotubes.
Preferably, the fast ion conductor in the coating layer is a material having an SEI film function, including, but not limited to, one or more of alumina, titania, zirconia, lithium metaaluminate, aluminum metaphosphate, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur compound, and ethylene oxide based polymer.
Preferably, the silicon-based core has a particle size of 1-20 μm, preferably 2-10 μm; the thickness of the coating layer is 5-100nm, preferably 10-50 nm.
Preferably, an embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of the high conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material, which includes the steps of grinding a fast ion conductor material in a solvent, adding a carbon source, uniformly mixing, drying, sintering, and carbonizing to obtain the high conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material.
Preferably, the drying manner is spray drying;
preferably, the particle size of the fast ion conductor material is ground to be consistent with the thickness of the carbon layer; preferably, the fast ion conductor material is ground to a particle size of 50nm or less.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery, and the lithium ion battery adopts the silica negative electrode material provided by the invention, so that the lithium ion battery has high capacity and high cycle performance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fast ion conductor forms a complete ion conveying channel on the coating layer, the surface of the inner core and the outer surface of the coating layer are connected, the transmission of ions and electrons between electrolyte and the silicon-based inner core can be greatly accelerated, the electronic and ionic conductivity of the silicon-based material is improved, and in addition, the fast ion conductor with the SEI film function can stabilize the SEI film on the surface of the material, so that the capacity, the dynamic performance and the cycling stability of the material are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a silicon-oxygen anode material provided in this embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a projection electron microscope (TEM) image of the silicon oxygen anode material provided in this example.
Detailed Description
The following description will be made of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
In order to improve electronic and ionic conductivities simultaneously, an embodiment of the invention provides a high-conductivity silica negative electrode material, as shown in fig. 1, the high-conductivity silica negative electrode material includes a silica-based core 1 and a coating layer 2 formed on the surface of the silica-based core 1, the coating layer includes carbon and a fast ion conductor, and the fast ion conductor forms a complete ion transmission channel 3 in the coating layer, is directly connected with the silica-based core and extends to the surface of the coating layer, so as to improve the migration rate of electronic ions. The TEM results of fig. 2 also clearly show the core silicon material, fast ion conductor channels and carbon cladding.
In the embodiment of the invention, the silicon-based core 1 can be materials such as nano silicon, silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, metal element doped silicon oxygen compound (such as Li and Mg doped) and the like, and has a chemical general formula of SiOx, wherein x is more than 0 and less than 2; the carbon in the coating layer 2 includes but is not limited to one or more of hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite and carbon nano tube; the fast ion conductor in the coating layer 2 is a material having an SEI film function, and includes, but is not limited to, one or more of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, lithium metaaluminate, aluminum metaphosphate, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur compound, and ethylene oxide based polymer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the silicon-based core 1 has a particle size of 1 to 20 μm. Optionally, the silicon-based inner core 1 has a particle size of 2-10 μm. The proper particle size is beneficial to the silicon-based material to exert effective capacity and simultaneously avoid the reduction of electrochemical performance caused by severe volume expansion in the charge-discharge stage.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the clad layer 2 is 5 to 100 nm. Optionally, the coating layer has a thickness of 10-50 nm. The proper coating thickness is beneficial to forming a complete transmission channel 3 on the coating layer by the fast ion conductor, and simultaneously, better circulation performance can be ensured.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation of forming the coating layer on the surface of the silicon-based core is as follows: grinding aluminum metaphosphate or lithium metaphosphate in a solvent by a sand mill until the particle size is within a certain range, then adding carbon sources such as SiO, asphalt or phenolic resin and the like, uniformly mixing, spray drying, and sintering and carbonizing to obtain the high-conductivity silica negative electrode material.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises the silicon-oxygen negative electrode material.
The examples are further illustrated below.
Example 1:
grinding lithium metaphosphate in an ethanol solvent by a sand mill until the particle size is within 50nm, then adding SiO powder with the particle size of 5 mu m and an asphalt carbon source, uniformly mixing, wherein the addition proportion of the asphalt ensures that the final carbon content is 4 percent so as to ensure that the thickness of a carbon layer is 50nm, spray drying, and sintering and carbonizing at 900 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the silicon-oxygen cathode material. Since the carbon layer thickness is consistent with the lithium metaphosphate particle size, the lithium metaphosphate can form a complete channel.
Preparing the obtained sample into a button half cell, which comprises the following specific steps: uniformly mixing a silicon-oxygen negative electrode material with CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), Super P and SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) according to a ratio of 96.2:1.2:1:1.6, adding deionized water to blend into a slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on copper foil, drying, rolling and cutting into pole pieces, assembling the pole pieces into a button battery in a glove box filled with Ar gas, wherein the battery model is 2032, the electrolyte is 1M LiPF6 (the solvent is EC: DEC, the volume ratio is 1:1) and 1 vol% VC (vinylene carbonate), the counter electrode is a metal lithium piece, and the diaphragm is a Celgard 2400 microporous polypropylene film.
Comparative example 1:
the preparation of the silicon-oxygen negative electrode material was the same as that of example 1 except that the particle size of lithium metaphosphate was controlled to be within 30nm, and lithium metaphosphate was dispersed in the carbon layer because the thickness of the carbon layer was larger than the particle size of lithium metaphosphate. Button half cells were prepared according to example 1. The charging was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
the same silicon-based core material as in example 1 was selected, and a carbon coating layer was formed on the surface of the silicon-based material to a thickness of 50 nm. And then coating a layer of lithium metaphosphate with the thickness of 10nm on the surface of the carbon coating layer by adopting a CVD or ALD method, and sintering to obtain the double-layer coated silicon-oxygen negative electrode material. The charging was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
EIS spectrum test was performed on the button half-cells prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 using a Switzerland electrochemical workstation to obtain samples having surface mass transfer impedances of 10.2 Ω, 15.7 Ω, and 21.3 Ω, respectively. Therefore, the silicon-oxygen cathode material prepared by the invention has lower resistance, which shows that the silicon-oxygen cathode material has higher electron ion conductivity.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. The high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material is characterized by comprising a silicon-based inner core and a coating layer formed on the surface of the silicon-based inner core, wherein the coating layer comprises carbon and a fast ion conductor, and the fast ion conductor forms a complete ion transmission channel in the coating layer, is directly connected with the silicon-based inner core and extends to the surface of the coating layer.
2. The high conductivity silicon oxygen cathode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said silicon-based materialHas the chemical formula of SiOxWherein x is more than 0 and less than 2; preferably, the silicon-based material comprises one or more of nano-silicon, silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, and metal element doped silicon oxygen compound.
3. The high conductivity silicon oxygen negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon in the coating layer comprises one or more of hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite, and carbon nanotubes.
4. The high-conductivity silicon oxygen negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fast ion conductor in the coating layer is a material having a SEI film function.
5. The high conductivity silicon oxygen negative electrode material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fast ion conductor in the coating layer includes but is not limited to one or more of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, lithium metaaluminate, aluminum metaphosphate, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur compound and ethylene oxide based polymer.
6. The high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicon-based core has a particle size of 1-20 μm, and the coating layer has a thickness of 5-100 nm.
7. The high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the silicon-based core has a particle size of 2-10 μm, and the coating layer has a thickness of 10-50 nm.
8. The preparation method of the high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the high-conductivity silicon-oxygen negative electrode material is obtained by grinding the fast-ion conductor material in a solvent, adding a carbon source, uniformly mixing, drying, sintering and carbonizing.
9. The method for preparing a high-conductivity silicon oxygen negative electrode material according to claim 8, wherein the drying manner is spray drying;
and/or
Grinding the particle size of the fast ion conductor material to be consistent with the thickness of the carbon layer; preferably, the fast ion conductor material is ground to a particle size of 50nm or less.
10. A lithium ion battery, characterized in that the lithium ion battery comprises the high conductivity silica negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the high conductivity silica negative electrode material prepared according to any one of claims 8 to 9.
CN201911230649.1A 2019-12-04 2019-12-04 High-conductivity silica negative electrode material and application thereof Pending CN111048756A (en)

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