CN111046553B - 一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法 - Google Patents
一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特点是:包括:对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计、对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的制备等内容,其方法科学合理,适用性强,效果佳。采用本发明方法可以延长钢基铝翅片管束的寿命,降低其腐蚀老化速率,节约成本,无需多次维护清洗,延长清洗周期,提升空冷器的效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空冷器钢基铝翅片管束,具体地说,是一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法。
背景技术
空冷凝汽器多应用于干燥缺水地区。环境湿度小,扬尘大,翅片易吸附灰尘颗粒,导致热阻增大,换热系数减小,从而降低空冷凝汽器效率。空冷器在冷凝过程中,由于空气中灰尘浓度大,翅片管通道内空气介质携带灰尘颗粒,容易吸附在铝翅片管内部,造成通道堵塞。灰尘对翅片管散热效率影响很大,需要用高压水流冲洗干净,对水资源是非常大的浪费。
现有技术对空冷器防垢防灰研究中,涂层防垢、表面改性等方面的研究略显匮乏,且由于翅片管结构特殊性,难以使空冷器钢基铝翅片管束得到性能优异的纳米复合镀层,迄今为止,尚未有将Ni-P复合镀层应用于空冷器翅片管束,并研究其对灰垢的抑制作用的文献报道和实际应用。
发明内容
本发明的构思基础为,基于DLVO理论空气中灰尘颗粒与翅片管束表面之间相互作用的分析方法,推导出影响翅片管束表面结垢的具体参数,影响结垢的主要参数是通过表面能及其分量计算得到,然后通过接触角测量仪得出表面和灰尘接触角,代入表面能计算公式得到表面和灰尘的表面能及其分量。在此理论基础上,采用无极镀层技术在翅片管束表面涂覆一层镀膜,以更改表面特征达到理论计算期望数值,使用不同种类镀层对表面进行改性,并测量了所用镀层的表面能及其分量。为了验证理论期望,进行模拟积灰实验。
本发明的目的是,克服现有技术的不足,提供一种科学合理,适用性强,效果佳的一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法。采用本发明方法可以延长钢基铝翅片管束的寿命,降低其腐蚀老化速率,。
实现本发明目的采用的技术方案是:一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特征在于:它包括的内容有:
1)对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计
①利用表面能优化计算理论,将灰尘在空气中与空冷器钢基铝翅片管束的翅片间总自由能表示为:
总相互作用力是颗粒与表面之间距离的函数,范德华作用力、静电双层作用力和路易斯酸碱作用力的具体表达式为:
式中,R为颗粒半径;H0为最小分离距离;H为颗粒与表面的分离距离;ε0为真空介电常数;ε为空气介电常数;ξ1为颗粒的Zeta电位;ξ2为表面的Zeta电位;λ为空气的相关分子长度;k为反向德比筛查长度;γ1 LW为颗粒的色散分量;γ2 LW为表面的色散分量;γ+为电子受体表面能分量;γ-为电子供体表面能分量;
②设计颗粒与表面的分离距离H为1nm,ξ1、ξ2均为-25mV,总相互作用力的大小则由范德华作用力和路易斯酸碱作用力决定,两者之和表示为:
定义SPrdf作为评价表面抗垢性能的参数,其具体表达式为:
表达式中影响SPrdf的因素为翅片管束的表面能参数,能够通过接触角测量仪获得表面接触角,然后通过表面能计算公式得出表面能及其分量,计算公式为:
由(8)式能够得到表面能中的色散分量γLW和极性分量中的γ+和γ-,极性分量γAB通过(9) 式计算得到:
式中,θ为接触角;L为liquid、液体;S为solid、固体;
需要三种已知表面能的液体进行接触角滴定,并每一种液体滴定10次取平均值作为表面实际接触角,取三种常见接触角测量液体,分别为水、乙二醇、丙三醇和二碘甲烷,分别测量其在镀层上的平均接触角,并计算各镀层的表面能及其分量;
2)对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的制备
①超声波清洗,超声频率40K HZ,单位面积功率450~600W/m2去除翅片管束表面锈迹、浮灰等附着物,冷风吹干;
②碱洗除油,在配置好的碱洗液中,60~75℃浸泡2~3分钟;
③酸洗活化,在45%~55%浓度的硝酸溶液中浸泡5~15秒,去除表面杂质;
④引镀,用直流电源对翅片管束进行电引镀,翅片管束接负极,洁净镍板接正极,2~4V, 50~60mA/cm2电流强度下引镀2~4分钟;
⑤底层施镀,采用配置好的Ni-P底层施镀液,80~90℃施镀1~2小时;
⑥表层施镀,将2)步骤⑤镀完Ni-P底层的翅片管束取出,放入添加PTFE纳米颗粒组成的Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层镀液中,或将镀完Ni-P层的翅片管束取出,放入添加SiO2纳米颗粒的镀液中,80~90℃再次施镀1~2小时;
⑦将翅片管束在除盐水中冲洗,去除表面残留镀液,并放入150~200℃干燥箱中烘干1 小时,得到成品。
制备所述碱洗液:按氢氧化钠15~30g/L,磷酸三钠20~35g/L,碳酸钠15~30g/L,硅酸钠5~10g/L混合,温度60~75℃,搅拌时间2~3分钟制得。
制备所述酸洗液:使用45%~55%浓度的硝酸溶液,60~70%硝酸与水比例为10:3,酸蚀 5-15秒制得。
制备所述Ni-P底层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25 g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
制备所述Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,CF4活性剂0.1~0.4g/L,100~300纳米、60%固含量的PTFE乳液0~25mL/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
制备所述Ni-P-SiO2纳米颗粒表层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠5~10mg/L,OP-10 0.5~1g/L,15~25纳米的SiO2颗粒1~5g/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
本发明的一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法科学合理,适用性强,效果佳。其进一步的优点体现在:
一是测量了本发明中通过DLVO理论描述颗粒与表面之间的相互作用,并在空冷器运行环境下对其进行推导,得到一种适用于空气作为流体介质的情况下,颗粒与表面之间主要的相互作用力,最终得出参数SPrdf作为描述钢基铝翅片管束防垢性能指标,并以此指导钢基铝翅片管束表面镀层制备。实际应用中通过接触角测量仪获得接触角,计算每种镀层的表面能及其分量,代入公式得到各个镀层的SPrdf,结果表明Ni-P的SPrdf值最大,具有最好的抗垢效果,这是通过理论推导出的翅片管抗垢性能较优的涂层。本发明不仅可以应用于空冷器,还可应用于其他空气环境下灰尘防治领域,其只需要测量表面能及其分量即可指导镀层开发,找到效果最好的防垢镀层。
二是本发明通过化学镀技术在钢基铝翅片管束表面施镀Ni-P底层的基础上,再施镀 Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层或Ni-P-SiO2纳米颗粒表层,以此来改变表面特性,以达到理论期望。镀层不仅可以改变表面特性,还可以延长钢基铝翅片管束的寿命,降低其腐蚀老化速率,由于其有优良的抗垢性能,可以降低积灰量,从而使清洗频率降低,节约人力物力成本,又由于镀液成本很低,总体上具有可观的经济效益。钢基铝翅片管束表面改性防垢技术相较于其他灰垢清洗技术来说,节约时间成本,无需多次维护清洗,可大大延长清洗周期,提升空冷器效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的制备流程图;
图2为空冷器钢基铝翅片管束表面镀层结构示意图;
图3为不同镀层换热系数的下降趋势示意图;
图4为不同镀层的SPrdf值与换热系数下降百分比的对比图;
图中:1空冷器钢基铝翅片管束;2Ni-P底层;3Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层或Ni-P-SiO2纳米颗粒表层;4碳钢基管。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,包括的内容有:
1)对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计
①利用表面能优化计算理论,将灰尘在空气中与空冷器钢基铝翅片管束的翅片间总自由能表示为:
总相互作用力是颗粒与表面之间距离的函数,范德华作用力、静电双层作用力和路易斯酸碱作用力的具体表达式为:
式中,R为颗粒半径;H0为最小分离距离;H为颗粒与表面的分离距离;ε0为真空介电常数;ε为空气介电常数;ξ1为颗粒的Zeta电位;ξ2为表面的Zeta电位;λ为空气的相关分子长度;k为反向德比筛查长度;γ1 LW为颗粒的色散分量;γ2 LW为表面的色散分量;γ+为电子受体表面能分量;γ-为电子供体表面能分量;
②设计颗粒与表面的分离距离H为1nm,ξ1、ξ2均为-25mV,总相互作用力的大小则由范德华作用力和路易斯酸碱作用力决定,两者之和表示为:
定义SPrdf作为评价表面抗垢性能的参数,其具体表达式为:
表达式中影响SPrdf的因素为翅片管束的表面能参数,能够通过接触角测量仪获得表面接触角,然后通过表面能计算公式得出表面能及其分量,计算公式为:
由(8)式能够得到表面能中的色散分量γLW和极性分量中的γ+和γ-,极性分量γAB通过(9) 式计算得到:
式中,θ为接触角;L为liquid、液体;S为solid、固体;
需要三种已知表面能的液体进行接触角滴定,并每一种液体滴定10次取平均值作为表面实际接触角,取三种常见接触角测量液体,分别为水、乙二醇、丙三醇和二碘甲烷,分别测量其在镀层上的平均接触角,并计算各镀层的表面能及其分量;
2)对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的制备
①超声波清洗,超声频率40K HZ,单位面积功率450~600W/m2去除翅片管束表面锈迹、浮灰等附着物,冷风吹干;
②碱洗除油,在配置好的碱洗液中,60~75℃浸泡2~3分钟;
③酸洗活化,在45%~55%浓度的硝酸溶液中浸泡5~15秒,去除表面杂质;
④引镀,用直流电源对翅片管束进行电引镀,翅片管束接负极,洁净镍板接正极,2~4V, 50~60mA/cm2电流强度下引镀2~4分钟;
⑤底层施镀,采用配置好的Ni-P底层施镀液,80~90℃施镀1~2小时;
⑥表层施镀,将2)步骤⑤镀完Ni-P底层的翅片管束取出,放入添加PTFE纳米颗粒组成的Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层镀液中,或将镀完Ni-P层的翅片管束取出,放入添加SiO2纳米颗粒的镀液中,80~90℃再次施镀1~2小时;
⑦将翅片管束在除盐水中冲洗,去除表面残留镀液,并放入150~200℃干燥箱中烘干1 小时,得到成品。
制备所述碱洗液:按氢氧化钠15~30g/L,磷酸三钠20~35g/L,碳酸钠15~30g/L,硅酸钠 5~10g/L混合,温度60~75℃,搅拌时间2~3分钟制得。
制备所述酸洗液:使用45%~55%浓度的硝酸溶液,60~70%硝酸与水比例为10:3,酸蚀 5-15秒制得。
制备所述Ni-P底层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25 g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
制备所述Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,CF4活性剂0.1~0.4g/L,100~300纳米、60%固含量的PTFE乳液0~25mL/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
制备所述Ni-P-SiO2纳米颗粒表层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠5~10mg/L,OP-10 0.5~1g/L,15~25纳米的SiO2颗粒1~5g/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0 制得。
具体实施例:
参照图2,空冷器钢基铝翅片管束由蛇形盘管1、Ni-P底层2、Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层 3或Ni-P-SiO2纳米颗粒表层、碳钢基管4组成。
参照图1和图2,对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的制备
步骤一:选取超声频率为40K HZ,功率为160W的超声波仪器对钢基铝翅片管束样片进行清洗,时间为1~2小时,适当延长时间,直至表面锈渍、浮灰等附着物完全脱离,清洗之后用水流冲洗干净,冷风吹干备用。
步骤二:碱洗除油,在60~75℃的恒温水浴锅中对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束进行碱洗,去除空冷器钢基铝翅片管束表面氧化膜,碱洗液成分为:氢氧化钠15~30g/L,磷酸三钠20~35 g/L,碳酸钠15~30g/L,硅酸钠5~10g/L。将药品在除盐水中混合均匀后放入恒温水浴锅中加热至60~75℃,将空冷器钢基铝翅片管束倾斜放入碱洗液中,使空冷器钢基铝翅片管束孔隙完全接触到碱洗液,2~3分钟后取出空冷器钢基铝翅片管束,将其在60~75℃的除盐水中进行漂洗,清除表面残留药液,漂洗两次后完成碱洗除油。
步骤三:酸洗活化,将碱洗除油后的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束放入45%~55%浓度的硝酸溶液中浸泡5~15秒,硝酸溶液配制方法为:60%~70%浓硝酸与除盐水的比例为10:3,。将翅片管束反复浸入酸洗液中,使空冷器钢基铝翅片管束孔隙内能接触到酸洗液,直至表面无明显杂质。
步骤四:引镀,由于铝不会在镀液中自发开始反应,需要用直流电源对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束进行电引镀,空冷器钢基铝翅片管束接负极,洁净镍板接正极,2~4V,50~60mA/cm2电流强度下引镀2~4分钟,引镀液为:氯化镍10~25g/L,盐酸10~20mL/L。
步骤五:一次施镀,将完成电引镀的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束直接放入配置好的Ni-P底层施镀液中,水浴锅温度为80~90℃施镀1小时,Ni-P底层施镀液成分为:硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,ph=4.5~5.0。
步骤六:二次施镀,将镀完Ni-P底层的翅片管束取出,放入添加PTFE纳米颗粒组成的 Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层镀液中,或放入添加SiO2纳米颗粒的镀液中,80~90℃再次施镀1 小时。Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层镀液配置方法为:硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,CF4活性剂0.1~0.4g/L,100~300纳米、60%固含量的PTFE乳液(60%)0~25mL/L,ph=4.5~5.0。将药品溶解于溶液中后,加入PTFE乳液,搅拌均匀后放入超声波水槽中进行超声分散1小时,使PTFE颗粒完全均匀的分散于溶液中,超声波处理过后放入镀槽中加热至80~90℃准备二次施镀。Ni-P-SiO2纳米颗粒表层镀液配置方法为:硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠5~10mg/L,OP-10 0.5~1g/L,15~25纳米的SiO2颗粒1~5g/L,ph=4.5~5.0。将药品溶于溶液中后,加热至60~70℃,然后加入OP-10,溶解后再加入SiO2颗粒,持续搅拌1 小时至粉末全部溶解,溶液均匀分散后加热至80~90℃准备二次施镀。
步骤七:空冷器钢基铝翅片管束完成二次施镀后,将空冷器钢基铝翅片管束在除盐水中冲洗,去除表面残留镀液,并放入150~200℃干燥箱中烘干1小时,蒸发表面水分,增强结合力,完成镀层。
固体基质上的表面自由能理论可以通过用Young方程测量接触角来获得:
γLcosθ=γS-γSL
其中γL实验测量的液体表面张力;θ是接触角;γS是固体的表面自由能,γSL是固/液的界面能。然而不能直接获得γSL,需要一种估计它的方法。Van oss等人提出了一种估算固液界面自由能的方法。液体或固体的表面张力可以作为Lifshitz-ven der waals组分和路易斯酸碱组分的总和,即:
γ=γLW+γAB
其中γLW是Lifshitz-ven der waals分量;γAB是路易斯极性分量,也称为电子受体γ+和电子给体相互作用γ-。它可以通过电子受体组分γ+和电子给体组分γ-的几何平均值得到:
γAB=2(γ+γ-)1/2
固液界面能可以通过以下方式制定:
通过组合杨方程得到接触角和表面能之间的关系:
因此需要三种液体的接触角,且表面能及其组分在固体上是已知的,并且两种液体至少是极性的。
测量液体分别为极性的水,乙二醇,丙三醇,非极性液体为二碘甲烷。首先将样片用除盐水冲洗,去除表面杂质,再用无水乙醇浸泡15分钟除去表面油脂,取出样片后吸干表面酒精,并在下方垫载玻片,放置在接触角测量仪平台中央,测量液滴边缘在固体表面形成的夹角,左侧与右侧接触角取平均值作为这一次的测量结果,每一种液体测量10次,取平均值作为该液体在固体表面的接触角,并计算得出不同镀层的表面能及分量。并根据各个镀层的表面能及其分量得到不同的SPrdf值。
在积灰动态模拟实验***上对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束及其纳米复合镀层进行了抗垢性能模拟实验,定量分析了不同纳米复合镀层对抗垢性能、换热能力的影响,获取空冷器钢基铝翅片管束水温,风温等运行数据,计算出表征空冷器钢基铝翅片管束换热能力的换热系数和灰垢热阻,得出换热系数下降趋势,并作图分析镀层对积灰过程的影响。参照图3和图4,表明空冷器钢基铝翅片管束表面抗垢纳米复合镀层可以有效降低积灰对换热能力下降的影响,可以抑制灰尘在空冷器钢基铝翅片管束表面的吸附,减少灰垢量。与空冷器钢基铝翅片管束换热系数下降22.66%比较,Ni-P镀层的换热系数下降5.60%,其抗垢性能提升了75.30%; Ni-P-PTFE(9.2%)、Ni-P-PTFE(11.4%)、Ni-P-PTFE(21.9%)、Ni-P-PTFE(23.9%)镀层中PTFE 纳米颗粒质量占比分别为9.2%、11.4%、21.9%、23.9%,换热系数分别下降11.03%、16.14%、 14.31%、12.07%,抗垢性能分别提升了51.32%、28.77%、36.84%、46.71%。这表明在灰尘吸附过程中,Ni-P镀层抑制了灰尘的吸附,具有较优的抗垢性能,很好的验证了抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法的可靠性、有效性。
参照图4,随着SPrdf增大,换热系数的下降值越小,两者呈负相关,且SPrdf决定于表面能参数,可通过施镀纳米复合镀层修饰表面,调节表面能参数。对于一定的空气环境条件下,可应用钢基铝翅片管束空冷器抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,增加抗垢纳米复合镀层的 SPrdf值,实现抗垢性能指标。
本发明的实施例仅用于对本发明作进一步的说明,并非穷举,并不构成对权利要求保护范围的限定,本领域技术人员根据本发明实施例获得的启示,不经过创造性劳动就能够想到其它实质上等同的替代,均在本发明保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特征在于:它包括的内容有:
1)对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计
①利用表面能优化计算理论,将灰尘在空气中与空冷器钢基铝翅片管束的翅片间总自由能表示为:
总相互作用力是颗粒与表面之间距离的函数,范德华作用力、静电双层作用力和路易斯酸碱作用力的具体表达式为:
式中,R为颗粒半径;H0为最小分离距离;H为颗粒与表面的分离距离;ε0为真空介电常数;ε为空气介电常数;ξ1为颗粒的Zeta电位;ξ2为表面的Zeta电位;λ为空气的相关分子长度;k为反向德比筛查长度;γ1 LW为颗粒的色散分量;γ2 LW为表面的色散分量;γ+为电子受体表面能分量;γ-为电子供体表面能分量;
②设计颗粒与表面的分离距离H为1nm,ξ1、ξ2均为-25mV,总相互作用力的大小则由范德华作用力和路易斯酸碱作用力决定,两者之和表示为:
定义SPrdf作为评价表面抗垢性能的参数,其具体表达式为:
表达式中影响SPrdf的因素为翅片管束的表面能参数,能够通过接触角测量仪获得表面接触角,然后通过表面能计算公式得出表面能及其分量,计算公式为:
由(8)式能够得到表面能中的色散分量γLW和极性分量中的γ+和γ-,极性分量γAB通过(9)式计算得到:
式中,θ为接触角;L为liquid、液体;S为solid、固体;
需要三种已知表面能的液体进行接触角滴定,并每一种液体滴定10次取平均值作为表面实际接触角,取三种常见接触角测量液体,分别为水、乙二醇和二碘甲烷,分别测量其在镀层上的平均接触角,并计算各镀层的表面能及其分量;
2)对空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的制备
①超声波清洗,超声频率40K HZ,单位面积功率450~600W/m2去除翅片管束表面锈迹、浮灰附着物,冷风吹干;
②碱洗除油,在配置好的碱洗液中,60~75℃浸泡2~3分钟;
③酸洗活化,在45%~55%浓度的硝酸溶液中浸泡5~15秒,去除表面杂质;
④引镀,用直流电源对翅片管束进行电引镀,翅片管束接负极,洁净镍板接正极,2~4V,50~60mA/cm2电流强度下引镀2~4分钟;
⑤底层施镀,采用配置好的Ni-P底层施镀液,80~90℃施镀1~2小时;
⑥表层施镀,将2)步骤⑤镀完Ni-P底层的翅片管束取出,放入添加PTFE纳米颗粒组成的Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层施镀液中,或将镀完Ni-P层的翅片管束取出,放入添加SiO2纳米颗粒的施镀液中,80~90℃再次施镀1~2小时;
⑦将翅片管束在除盐水中冲洗,去除表面残留镀液,并放入150~200℃干燥箱中烘干1小时,得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述碱洗液:按氢氧化钠15~30g/L,磷酸三钠20~35g/L,碳酸钠15~30g/L,硅酸钠5~10g/L混合,温度60~75℃,搅拌时间2~3分钟制得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述硝酸溶液:使用45%~55%浓度的硝酸溶液,60~70%硝酸与水比例为10:3,酸蚀5-15秒制得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述Ni-P底层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
5.根据权利要求1所述的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述Ni-P-PTFE纳米颗粒表层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,CF4活性剂0.1~0.4g/L,100~300纳米、60%固含量的PTFE乳液0~25mL/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
6.根据权利要求1所述的空冷器钢基铝翅片管束抗垢纳米复合镀层的设计制备方法,其特征在于,制备Ni-P-SiO2纳米颗粒表层施镀液:按硫酸镍15~30g/L,次亚磷酸钠15~30g/L,柠檬酸钠15~25g/L,无水乙酸钠15~25g/L,甘氨酸0.5~1g/L,乳酸5~10mL/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠5~10mg/L,OP-100.5~1g/L,15~25纳米的SiO2颗粒1~5g/L混合,ph=4.5~5.0制得。
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