CN111044896A - Strut type circuit breaker on-line monitoring system - Google Patents
Strut type circuit breaker on-line monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111044896A CN111044896A CN201911338515.1A CN201911338515A CN111044896A CN 111044896 A CN111044896 A CN 111044896A CN 201911338515 A CN201911338515 A CN 201911338515A CN 111044896 A CN111044896 A CN 111044896A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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Abstract
The invention provides an on-line monitoring system of a strut-type circuit breaker, which comprises a sensing layer, a transmission layer and an application layer, wherein the sensing layer comprises a synchronous sampling A/D module, and a control loop monitoring unit, an on-off loop monitoring unit, a spring pressure sensor, an insulator monitoring unit, a density monitoring unit and an internal environment monitoring unit which are connected with the synchronous sampling A/D module; the transmission layer comprises a wireless transmission module and a wired transmission module; the application layer comprises a processor, and the processor is connected with an FIFO memory, a FLASH memory and an SRAM memory; the method has the advantages of online monitoring, timely hidden danger discovery, convenience in operation and maintenance, improvement of economic benefits and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strut type circuit breakers, and particularly relates to an online monitoring system for a strut type circuit breaker.
Background
The strut switch is an important device of an AIS station, the high-voltage circuit breaker is used as the most important protection device of a transformer substation, and the reliable operation of the high-voltage circuit breaker is important to the safety of a power grid. Both international and domestic investigation and statistical reports indicate that 80% of faults of the high-voltage circuit breaker are caused by mechanical reasons, and mainly more faults of an operating mechanism exist. At present, the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage circuit breaker are mainly checked by static means such as routine checking of the mechanical characteristics of an operating mechanism, periodic preventive testing, replacement of expired components and the like. This method is inefficient and costly, indiscriminate replacement of expired components not only wastes a significant amount of intact components causing significant waste, but also may cause new failures, statistically 10% of which are caused by improper repairs.
How to carry out effectual on-line monitoring to the operating condition of circuit breaker, in time discover the early fault of circuit breaker, the early warning trouble takes place, the development of prediction trouble, avoids the vicious development of circuit breaker trouble, prevents the emergence of malignant accident, creates the condition for realizing the change of plan maintenance to state maintenance. The method has very important significance for improving the operation and maintenance work efficiency and work quality and improving the safe operation capacity of the power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an on-line monitoring system for a strut type circuit breaker, which aims to solve the problems that the existing strut type circuit breaker is lack of an effective monitoring and operation and maintenance system, high in fault maintenance cost and high in retransmission probability, and certain difficulty is caused to the working efficiency and the working quality of workers, so that the safe operation of a power grid is influenced.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a column type circuit breaker on-line monitoring system comprises a sensing layer, a transmission layer and an application layer, wherein the sensing layer comprises a synchronous sampling A/D module, and a control loop monitoring unit, a switching-on/off loop monitoring unit, a spring pressure sensor, an insulator monitoring unit, a density monitoring unit and an internal environment monitoring unit which are connected with the synchronous sampling A/D module; the transmission layer comprises a wireless transmission module and a wired transmission module; the application layer comprises a processor, an FIFO memory, a FLASH memory and an SRAM memory are connected to the processor, the control loop monitoring unit, the switching-on/switching-off loop monitoring unit, the spring pressure sensor, the insulator monitoring unit, the density monitoring unit and the internal environment monitoring unit adopt the synchronous sampling A/D module to acquire data and transmit the data to the processor through the wireless transmission module or the wired transmission module, the processor cannot respond to the output of the high-speed multi-channel synchronous sampling A/D module in time, the data are cached in the high-capacity FIFO memory, the processor transfers the data of the FIFO memory to the high-capacity SRAM memory in time, the monitored data are recorded in a circulating mode all the time, and a short-time constant recording memory is realized; any voltage loop signal is used as a trigger wave recording data storage signal, after the processor detects a voltage signal, the detection data of the signal at the moment before the occurrence of the voltage loop signal is recorded in the FLASH memory, and the sampling signal of the synchronous sampling A/D module is synchronously recorded until the moment after the voltage signal disappears, so that a complete event recording wave recording file is realized; the processor uploads the event record wave recording file to the background analysis system through the Ethernet, and the background analysis system analyzes the state of the breaker according to the online event record wave file to realize the state maintenance of the breaker.
Further, the control loop monitoring unit comprises a loop detection module, a resistor RX +, a resistor RX-, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4, wherein the resistor R1, the resistor R2, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are sequentially connected in series and connected between positive and negative buses of the control loop, and the resistor RX + and the resistor RX-are connected in series and connected between the positive and negative buses of the control loop; the resistor RX + and the resistor RX-and the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are grounded, respectively.
Further, the detection module comprises a first current sensor CT1, a first voltage sensor and a second voltage sensor, the first current sensor CT1 is connected to a positive bus of the control loop for collecting a positive bus input current of the control loop; the first voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 and used for collecting the voltage of a positive bus of the control loop to the ground; the second voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 and used for collecting the voltage of a negative bus of the control loop to the ground.
Furthermore, the switching-on/off circuit monitoring unit comprises a switching-on/off detection module, a resistor R5 and a resistor R6, wherein the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 are respectively connected to two ends of a coil power line of the switching-on/off circuit.
Further, the switching-on/off detection module comprises a second current sensor CT2, a third voltage sensor and a first temperature sensor CT1, and the second current sensor CT2 is connected to a coil power line of the switching-on/off loop; the second temperature sensor is arranged on a coil shell of the switching-on/off loop; the third voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R6 and the resistor R5 and used for collecting the action voltage of the action switch of the switching-on/off loop.
Further, the spring pressure sensor adopts a gasket-shaped load cell F1 and a load cell F2, which are arranged between the closing and opening brake energy storage spring and the shell of the column type circuit breaker.
Furthermore, the insulator monitoring unit comprises a collector ring, and the collector ring is arranged at the root of an insulator base of the strut-type circuit breaker and is used for collecting the filthy leakage current on the surface of the insulator.
Further, the density monitoring unit includes a bolt-type gas pressure sensor installed at an SF6 gas supplement port of the column type circuit breaker.
Further, the internal environment detection unit comprises an air temperature and humidity sensor arranged in a mechanism box of the pillar type circuit breaker, a second temperature sensor arranged on a wall of the mechanism box, a third temperature sensor arranged on an internal metal structural part and a fourth temperature sensor arranged on an outer wall of the mechanism box.
Further, wired transmission module includes RS485 and RS232, wireless transmission module includes WIFI and 4G.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to an on-line monitoring system of a strut-type circuit breaker, which can (1) discover accident potential in time by adopting an on-line monitoring technology and prevent accidents in the bud; (2) the online monitoring technology can replace most of power failure tests, reduce the power failure time of equipment and save the test cost. (3) By adopting the online monitoring technology, old equipment can be utilized more safely, the potential fault can be found out early due to online monitoring, the safety margin of the old equipment can be properly reduced, the service life of the old equipment can be prolonged as far as possible, and the economic benefit can be improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control loop monitoring unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the opening/closing monitoring unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a spring pressure sensor installation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a spring pressure sensor;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of an insulator monitoring unit.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, an on-line monitoring system for a strut-type circuit breaker includes a sensing layer, a transmission layer and an application layer, wherein the sensing layer includes a synchronous sampling a/D module, and a control loop monitoring unit, an opening/closing loop monitoring unit, a spring pressure sensor, an insulator monitoring unit, a density monitoring unit and an internal environment monitoring unit which are connected to the synchronous sampling a/D module; the transmission layer comprises a wireless transmission module and a wired transmission module, the wired transmission module comprises RS485 and RS232, and the wireless transmission module comprises WIFI and 4G; the application layer comprises a processor, an FIFO memory, a FLASH memory and an SRAM memory are connected to the processor, a control loop monitoring unit, an opening and closing loop monitoring unit, a spring pressure sensor, an insulator monitoring unit, a density monitoring unit and an internal environment monitoring unit adopt a synchronous sampling A/D module to collect data, the data are transmitted to the processor through a wireless transmission module or a wired transmission module, the processor cannot respond to the output of the high-speed multi-channel synchronous sampling A/D module in time, the data are cached in the high-capacity FIFO memory, the processor transfers the FIFO memory data to the high-capacity SRAM memory in time, the monitored data are recorded in a circulating mode all the time, and a short-time constant recording memory is realized; any voltage loop signal is used as a trigger wave recording data storage signal, after the processor detects a voltage signal, the detection data of the signal at the moment before the occurrence of the voltage loop signal is recorded in the FLASH memory, and the sampling signal of the synchronous sampling A/D module is synchronously recorded until the moment after the voltage signal disappears, so that a complete event recording wave recording file is realized; and the processor uploads the event record wave recording file to the background analysis system through the Ethernet, and the background analysis system analyzes the state of the circuit breaker according to the online event record wave file to realize the state maintenance of the circuit breaker.
As shown in fig. 3, the control loop is usually powered by a 110Vdc or 220Vdc power supply, and the control loop can be prevented from being refused to operate and being operated mistakenly due to the fault by detecting the power supply state of the control loop; in order to avoid the influence of intervention detection on a loop, a current sensor adopts a Hall AC/DC current sensor to detect current, voltage detection adopts a high impedance resistance voltage division + operational amplifier mode to detect, and the insulation performance monitoring of a control loop adopts a positive and negative bus high impedance resistance voltage division + operational amplifier mode to detect a mode of voltage on the ground (a shell); the method specifically comprises the following steps: the control loop monitoring unit comprises a loop detection module, a resistor RX +, a resistor RX-, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4, wherein the resistor R1, the resistor R2, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are sequentially connected in series and are connected between positive and negative buses of the control loop, and the resistor RX + and the resistor RX-are connected in series and are connected between the positive and negative buses of the control loop; the resistor RX + and the resistor RX-and the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are respectively grounded; the detection module comprises a first current sensor CT1, a first voltage sensor and a second voltage sensor, wherein the first current sensor CT1 is connected to a positive bus of the control loop and used for acquiring the input current of the positive bus of the control loop; the first voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 and used for acquiring the voltage of a positive bus of the control loop to the ground; the second voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 and used for acquiring the voltage of the negative bus of the control loop to the ground; the result is that the Hall current sensor collects the input current of the positive bus in real time, the monitoring system collects the voltage of the positive bus and the negative bus to the ground (chassis shell) at the same time, the working current is stable and weak when the switch is in a standby state, if the static current of the switch changes, the situation that the switch control loop is possibly abnormal is shown, and the monitoring system automatically gives an alarm; the control loop voltage is equal to the sum of the positive bus voltage and the negative bus voltage, the positive bus voltage and the negative bus voltage are equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity, if the absolute values of the positive bus voltage and the negative bus voltage are not equal, the bus insulation to the ground is problematic (in an extreme case, the positive bus voltage and the negative bus voltage both have equal ground resistance, the monitoring method fails, but generally, the insulation fault cannot occur simultaneously on the positive bus and the negative bus, the leakage magnitude is equal), the known R1, R2, R3, R4, U + and U-, the ground resistance can be calculated, and once an over-standard system alarms automatically.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a working voltage and current waveform monitoring unit of an opening/closing coil and an energy storage motor; a high-speed Hall current sensor is arranged on a power line of an opening and closing coil L1 (a motor M1) of a switch, a divider resistor is connected to two ends of the coil, a temperature sensor is arranged on a coil shell, and the action voltage of the opening and closing (energy storage) action switch is used as an interrupt signal of a main processor and is used for starting isolation A/D (analog/digital) to start high-speed sampling and main control to record waveform data to form a recording file and record the recording file in an FLSH (flash memory); the method specifically comprises the following steps: the switching-on/off circuit monitoring unit comprises a switching-on/off detection module, a resistor R6 and a resistor R5, the resistor R6 and the resistor R5 are respectively connected to two ends of a coil power line of the switching-on/off circuit, the switching-on/off detection module comprises a second current sensor CT2, a third voltage sensor and a first temperature sensor CT1, and a second current sensor CT2 is connected to the coil power line of the switching-on/off circuit; the second temperature sensor is arranged on a coil shell of the switching-on/off loop; the third voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R6 and the resistor R5 and used for collecting the action voltage of the action switch of the switching-on/off loop; the results were: the processor collects TC1 temperature sensor data in real time, monitors the working temperature of a switching-off coil L1 (a motor M1) in real time, and if the temperature exceeds the standard, the system automatically sends an alarm signal to a background management system; the processor integrates the coil power curve in real time, judges whether the power curve is normal or not through mode identification, automatically sends alarm information to abnormal data, and a background system retrieves and analyzes the voltage and current waveform recording data file, further analyzes in detail by applying a professional system and a big data analysis method, obtains a report of fault type and fault severity evaluation, and prompts a processing suggestion.
As shown in fig. 5, the spring pressure sensor adopts a gasket-shaped load cell F1 and a load cell F2, which are arranged between the closing and opening brake energy storage spring and the shell of the strut-type circuit breaker; the gasket type force measuring sensors F1 and F2 adopt the working principle of a conventional strain bridge dynamometer, have the characteristics of high precision, good safety, high reliability and low cost, have the mechanical dimension height of less than 5mm, even 3mm, and are arranged between a spring and a shell instead of a conventional gasket; the working principle is shown in figure 6, when a spring force F acts on a pressure measuring gasket, the gasket is stressed and then generates strain, 4 groups of resistance strain gauges S1-S4 are respectively attached to the outer edge and the inner edge of the gasket, wherein S1 and S4 are stressed in tension, the resistance is increased, S2 and S3 are stressed in extrusion, the resistance is decreased, a bridge detection circuit is adopted, the output voltage of an amplifier A1 is in direct proportion to F, a signal output by the amplifier A1 is sent to an A/D sampling circuit, a processor reads A/D, then an A/D value is recalibrated according to a setting coefficient, the pressing force of the spring can be monitored in real time, the working current detection of the energy storage motor is combined, when the surface energy storage of the energy storage motor stops running, if the pressure of the energy storage spring is monitored to be insufficient at the moment, a system automatically sends out a signal.
As shown in fig. 7, the insulator monitoring unit includes a collector ring, and the collector ring is installed at the root of the insulator base of the pillar type circuit breaker and is used for collecting the filthy leakage current on the surface of the insulator; because the leakage current of the insulator is usually nA level, the current detection can be realized only by a method of directly sampling by using a resistor, because the sampling is carried out at the bottom of the insulator, the threat of high voltage is avoided, the sampling can be directly carried out, only the overvoltage protection when pollution flashover occurs needs to be noticed, the leakage current of the insulator can be monitored by a monitoring circuit with low cost and high reliability, the leakage current is monitored by a system in real time, and once the leakage current exceeds the standard, an alarm signal can be automatically sent out.
The density monitoring unit comprises a bolt-type air pressure sensor which is arranged at an SF6 air supplement port of the strut-type circuit breaker. At SF 6's tonifying qi mouth installation bolt type baroceptor, the sensor just like protection lid tightly seals the tonifying qi mouth and avoids leaking gas, slightly pushes up check valve simultaneously, also guarantees not make the quick decompression of switch inside SF6 because of leaking gas when sampling SF6, realizes sealed double insurance. The system samples the air supply port pressure sensor, and simultaneously monitors the temperature of SF6 to compensate the detection error caused by the pressure change along with the temperature, thereby realizing the online monitoring of the density of the switch SF6, if finding the SF6 pressure descending trend, indicating that the air leakage trend exists, and pre-warning the air leakage fault before the pressure loss fault occurs.
The internal environment detection unit comprises an air temperature and humidity sensor arranged in a mechanism box of the column type circuit breaker, a second temperature sensor arranged on the wall of the mechanism box, a third temperature sensor of an internal metal structural part and a fourth temperature sensor arranged on the outer wall of the mechanism box. An air temperature and humidity sensor, a wall of the mechanism box, an internal metal structural part and a temperature sensor are arranged outside the box in the mechanism box, the condensation condition is calculated in real time by monitoring the temperature and humidity of air and the temperature of a cabin wall and internal structural components in real time, the refrigeration and dehumidification device is started in time before condensation happens to prevent condensation, and simultaneously, the temperature change of the outside air is monitored to predict the condensation trend, when the temperature of the outside is rapidly increased, the temperature of the inside air is also rapidly increased, the temperature of the internal structural part in the box is slowly increased, the condensation and condensation phenomena can be rapidly formed, therefore, when the temperature of the outside is rapidly raised and the temperature of the inside air is not raised to form a condensation phenomenon, the refrigeration and dehumidification device is started to dehumidify in time, the condensation defect in the mechanism box caused by great change of the air temperature in spring and autumn can be prevented, the corrosion fault of the spring operation mechanism is avoided, and the safe and stable operation of the mechanism is ensured.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The on-line monitoring system of the strut-type circuit breaker is characterized by comprising a sensing layer, a transmission layer and an application layer, wherein the sensing layer comprises a synchronous sampling A/D module, and a control loop monitoring unit, an opening and closing loop monitoring unit, a spring pressure sensor, an insulator monitoring unit, a density monitoring unit and an internal environment monitoring unit which are connected with the synchronous sampling A/D module; the transmission layer comprises a wireless transmission module and a wired transmission module; the application layer comprises a processor, an FIFO memory, a FLASH memory and an SRAM memory are connected to the processor, the control loop monitoring unit, the switching-on/switching-off loop monitoring unit, the spring pressure sensor, the insulator monitoring unit, the density monitoring unit and the internal environment monitoring unit adopt the synchronous sampling A/D module to acquire data and transmit the data to the processor through the wireless transmission module or the wired transmission module, the processor cannot respond to the output of the high-speed multi-channel synchronous sampling A/D module in time, the data are cached in the high-capacity FIFO memory, the processor transfers the data of the FIFO memory to the high-capacity SRAM memory in time, the monitored data are recorded in a circulating mode all the time, and a short-time constant recording memory is realized; any voltage loop signal is used as a trigger wave recording data storage signal, after the processor detects a voltage signal, the detection data of the signal at the moment before the occurrence of the voltage loop signal is recorded in the FLASH memory, and the sampling signal of the synchronous sampling A/D module is synchronously recorded until the moment after the voltage signal disappears, so that a complete event recording wave recording file is realized; the processor uploads the event record wave recording file to the background analysis system through the Ethernet, and the background analysis system analyzes the state of the breaker according to the online event record wave file to realize the state maintenance of the breaker.
2. The on-line monitoring system of the strut type circuit breaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control loop monitoring unit comprises a loop detection module, a resistor RX +, a resistor RX-, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4, wherein the resistor R1, the resistor R2, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected in series in sequence and connected between positive and negative buses of the control loop, and the resistor RX + and the resistor RX-are connected in series and connected between the positive and negative buses of the control loop; the resistor RX + and the resistor RX-and the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are grounded, respectively.
3. The on-line monitoring system of a column type circuit breaker as claimed in claim 2, wherein the detection module comprises a first current sensor CT1, a first voltage sensor and a second voltage sensor, the first current sensor CT1 is connected to the positive bus of the control loop for collecting the positive bus input current of the control loop; the first voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 and used for collecting the voltage of a positive bus of the control loop to the ground; the second voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 and used for collecting the voltage of a negative bus of the control loop to the ground.
4. The on-line monitoring system of a column type circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the on-off circuit monitoring unit comprises an on-off detection module, a resistor R5 and a resistor R6, and the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 are respectively connected to two ends of a coil power line of the on-off circuit.
5. The on-line monitoring system of a column type circuit breaker according to claim 4, wherein the switching on/off detection module comprises a second current sensor CT2, a third voltage sensor and a first temperature sensor CT1, the second current sensor CT2 is connected to the coil power line of the switching on/off loop; the second temperature sensor is arranged on a coil shell of the switching-on/off loop; the third voltage sensor is connected between the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 and used for collecting the action voltage of the action switch of the switching-on/off loop.
6. The on-line monitoring system of a column circuit breaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spring pressure sensor is a pad-shaped load cell F1 and a load cell F2, which are disposed between the on-off energy storage spring and the housing of the column circuit breaker.
7. The on-line monitoring system of the column type circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the insulator monitoring unit comprises a collector ring, and the collector ring is installed at the root of an insulator base of the column type circuit breaker and used for collecting the filthy leakage current on the surface of the insulator.
8. The on-line monitoring system of a column type circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the density monitoring unit comprises a bolt type gas pressure sensor installed at an SF6 supplementary gas port of the column type circuit breaker.
9. The on-line monitoring system for the column type circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the internal environment detecting unit comprises an air temperature and humidity sensor arranged in a mechanism box of the column type circuit breaker, a second temperature sensor arranged on a wall of the mechanism box, a third temperature sensor arranged on an internal metal structural member, and a fourth temperature sensor arranged on an outer wall of the mechanism box.
10. The online monitoring system of the column type circuit breaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wired transmission module comprises RS485 and RS232, and the wireless transmission module comprises WIFI and 4G.
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