CN111044614A - High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method - Google Patents

High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111044614A
CN111044614A CN201911296322.4A CN201911296322A CN111044614A CN 111044614 A CN111044614 A CN 111044614A CN 201911296322 A CN201911296322 A CN 201911296322A CN 111044614 A CN111044614 A CN 111044614A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
circle
ultrasonic
mapping
grain size
parameters
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201911296322.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN111044614B (en
Inventor
陈昊
兰金明
黎明
李凌
李军华
张聪炫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanchang Hangkong University
Original Assignee
Nanchang Hangkong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanchang Hangkong University filed Critical Nanchang Hangkong University
Priority to CN201911296322.4A priority Critical patent/CN111044614B/en
Publication of CN111044614A publication Critical patent/CN111044614A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111044614B publication Critical patent/CN111044614B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4418—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a model, e.g. best-fit, regression analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a quasi-circle mapping ultrasonic evaluation method for grain size of a high-temperature alloy, which comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out ultrasonic detection and metallographic sample preparation on a reference test block, and extracting ultrasonic characteristic parameters and grain size; normalizing the ultrasonic characteristic parameters, setting a circle-like mapping parameter, projecting all the normalized ultrasonic characteristic parameters to a circle-like space by using a circle-like mapping method, constructing a projection polygon and extracting second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters; constructing a high-order polynomial fitting model facing to the grain size, and fitting by using the grain size and a second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter; setting a fitting error as an optimization target, and optimizing by adjusting the quasi-circle mapping parameters; and when the optimization target reaches the minimum, determining the optimal fitting model parameters and the optimal quasi-circle mapping parameters, and establishing a quasi-circle mapping ultrasonic evaluation model. According to the invention, the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters are extracted by the circle-like mapping method, so that all ultrasonic information can be effectively utilized, and the accuracy of the evaluation method is improved.

Description

High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy grain size measurement, in particular to a circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method for the grain size of a high-temperature alloy.
Background
The high-temperature alloy can keep excellent fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and good mechanical property under a complex working environment, is widely applied to important parts of turbine disks, casings and the like of aeroengines, and the grain size is an important factor influencing the mechanical property and the chemical property of the parts, so that the grain size detection of the parts is an important basis for judging the material quality. In the actual detection process, the complex internal structure of the high-temperature alloy increases the requirements on the detection method and instruments. Considering that the ultrasonic method has the characteristics of strong penetrating power, no need of damaging the material and the like, and the grain size has different degrees of response to a plurality of ultrasonic characteristic parameters such as sound velocity, attenuation coefficient, nonlinear coefficient and the like, the complex tissue structure of the material tested by the ultrasonic method can be more accurate and comprehensive.
However, the change of the structural structure of the superalloy can cause the simultaneous change of various ultrasonic characteristic parameters, and the traditional ultrasonic method using single ultrasonic characteristic parameters such as sound velocity, attenuation coefficient and the like often cannot effectively and accurately evaluate the grain size of the superalloy. At present, researchers have proposed a multi-parameter ultrasonic evaluation method for performing a collaborative evaluation on the grain size of the crystal by using two or more ultrasonic characteristic parameters. Although the method is obviously improved in the aspect of evaluation accuracy compared with the traditional ultrasonic method, the problems of high dimension of the selected characteristic, loss of key information and the like easily occur in the process of selecting the ultrasonic characteristic parameters by utilizing the correlation principle.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to construct a more generalized grain size characteristic evaluation method that can utilize all characteristic parameter information.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method for grain size of a high-temperature alloy, which can accurately, efficiently and nondestructively measure the grain size of the high-temperature alloy when the ultrasonic method is used for detecting the grain size of the high-temperature alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method for grain size of high-temperature alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, sequentially carrying out ultrasonic detection and metallographic phase sample preparation on the reference test block, and correspondingly extracting ultrasonic characteristic parameters and grain size;
s2, normalizing the ultrasonic characteristic parameters, setting circle-like mapping parameters, constructing a circle-like space to form a dimension anchor point, projecting all the normalized ultrasonic characteristic parameters to the circle-like space by using a circle-like mapping method to form a projection point, constructing a projection polygon based on the projection point and extracting second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters;
s3, constructing a high-order polynomial fitting model facing to the grain size, and fitting by using the grain size and the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters;
s4, setting a fitting error as an optimization target, and optimizing by adjusting the quasi-circle mapping parameters;
s5, when the optimization target reaches the minimum, determining the optimal fitting model parameters and the optimal quasi-circle mapping parameters, and establishing a quasi-circle mapping ultrasonic evaluation model;
and S6, evaluating the grain size of the test block by using the circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation model, and verifying the accuracy of the model by comparing the grain size error measured by metallographic sample preparation.
Preferably, the S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21, representing the ultrasonic characteristic parameter as P ═ in a variable mode (P)1,P2,...,PM) M represents the dimension of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and P is normalizedGet reason to
Figure BDA0002320649970000021
Is P*M is not less than 1 and not more than M, pnm is
Figure BDA0002320649970000022
N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and N represents the number of samples of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter;
s22, normalizing the ultrasonic characteristic parameters P*Sorting according to dimension, and recording the sorting result into sequence matrix in the form of row
Figure BDA0002320649970000023
Updating P according to the sorting result*；
According to the sequence, setting P*The weight of the ultrasonic characteristic parameters of the corresponding dimension on the circular arc is calculated, the corresponding projection included angle is calculated, and the included angle matrix is recorded in a line form
Figure BDA0002320649970000024
In a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, taking O as the center of a circle, making a unit circle with radius R, and dividing P into P*The dimensions of the arc C are sequentially distributed on the arc C in an anchor point mode, and the coordinates of the dimension anchor points are represented as follows:
Em＝(Emx,Emy)＝(R*cos(αm),R*sin(αm)) (1)
in the formula, EmxAs a dimension anchor point EmAbscissa of (a), EmyAs a dimension anchor point EmThe ordinate of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002320649970000031
m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to M is an included angle between the dimension anchor point and the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system, wherein w is P*The ultrasonic characteristic parameters of the corresponding dimension occupy the weight on the circular arc, and
Figure BDA0002320649970000032
theta is the angle between two adjacent dimensional anchor points, and
Figure BDA0002320649970000033
s23, setting distance weight of corresponding projection point on the connecting line between each dimension anchor point and the circle center, determining the position of the projection point of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and recording the position into a radius matrix
Figure BDA0002320649970000034
Will P*All samples in the system are projected to a circle-like space in sequence to form N × M projection points;
wherein, any projection point
Figure BDA0002320649970000035
Are both at the center O of the circle-like space and the dimension anchor point EmOn the connecting line of (2), a projection point
Figure BDA0002320649970000036
Distance to center O
Figure BDA0002320649970000037
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002320649970000038
in the formula, pnmIs P*The nth sample, the value of the m dimension, rmIs composed of
Figure BDA0002320649970000039
Weight on the corresponding connecting line, r is more than or equal to 0mR ≦ R, R representing the radius of the unit circle, N ═ 1., N, M ═ 1., M;
the coordinates of the projection points are expressed as:
Figure BDA00023206499700000310
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00023206499700000311
is a projected point
Figure BDA00023206499700000312
The abscissa of the (c) axis of the (c),
Figure BDA00023206499700000313
is a projected point
Figure BDA00023206499700000314
N1, 1.., N, M1.., M;
s24, sequentially connecting projection points
Figure BDA00023206499700000315
Form a polygon
Figure BDA00023206499700000316
The polygon and the ultrasonic characteristic parameters form a one-to-one corresponding relation;
decomposing the polygon into M triangles by adopting a segmentation method
Figure BDA0002320649970000041
The sum of the areas of the M triangles is the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter area S; calculating the linear distance between two adjacent projection points, adding the linear distances, and summing to obtain the perimeter L of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002320649970000042
Figure BDA0002320649970000043
in the formula, L represents the perimeter of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, S represents the area of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and Lnm(m+1)Represents the distance between the m-th projection point and the m + 1-th projection point, lnM1Representing the distance from the Mth projection point to the 1 st projection point;
Figure BDA0002320649970000044
wherein, N is 1, 1., N, M is 1.
Preferably, in S3, the high-order polynomial fitting model facing the grain size specifically includes:
Figure BDA0002320649970000045
wherein L, S represents the perimeter and area of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, λ0、λkrFor the parameters of the fitting model to be determined, n is the highest order of the fitting model, Q*Indicating the formation of new grain sizes under the fitting action.
Preferably, the optimization target set in S4 is specifically:
Figure BDA0002320649970000046
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002320649970000047
for the mean absolute error, N represents the number of samples included in the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, Q is the actually measured grain size, Q*Grain size fitted to the model;
and optimizing the optimization target by utilizing a gray wolf optimization algorithm.
Preferably, the S5 is specifically:
when the optimization target reaches the minimum value, determining the quasi-circle mapping parameters and the fitting model parameters at the moment, wherein the optimization target problem formula is specifically shown as follows
Figure BDA0002320649970000051
In the formula, lambda and zeta respectively represent the optimal fitting model parameter and the quasi-circle mapping parameter,
Figure BDA0002320649970000052
representing mean absolute in the fitting processAnd (4) error.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method for the grain size of the high-temperature alloy, which has the characteristics of high accuracy and robustness, and avoids the problems that the traditional ultrasonic evaluation method using a single ultrasonic characteristic parameter cannot cope with the complex organization structure of the high-temperature alloy, and the cooperative evaluation method using a plurality of ultrasonic characteristic parameters is easy to have high selected characteristic dimension and cannot accurately select characteristic combination when a correlation principle is utilized; all ultrasonic characteristic parameters are projected to a two-dimensional circular space by using a circle-like mapping method, and second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters with global ultrasonic information are extracted for constructing the model, so that the problem that single and multiple ultrasonic characteristic parameters are exposed when participating in model construction is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method of grain size of a superalloy of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a circle-like space C and a projection point
Figure BDA0002320649970000053
A location;
FIG. 3 is a projected polygon
Figure BDA0002320649970000054
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure of a GH4169 superalloy at different forging temperatures and different forging deformation amounts;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between CMUT-second order feature quantity and grain size average value.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a quasi-circle mapping ultrasonic evaluation method for grain size of a high-temperature alloy, which can effectively process data of a high-dimensional feature space, map the data from the high-dimensional space to a low-dimensional circle space, and obtain different mapping schemes by changing settings such as radial radius, anchor point position and the like, thereby providing a new technical means for extracting new second-order ultrasonic feature parameters by using all feature parameters.
The method aims at improving the accuracy and robustness of the ultrasonic evaluation of the grain size of the high-temperature alloy by using all ultrasonic characteristic parameters, projects all the ultrasonic characteristic parameters into a two-dimensional circular space by using a circle-like mapping method, constructs a projection polygon and extracts new characteristics with global ultrasonic characteristic information; then, high-order polynomial fitting is carried out on the evaluation problem and the grain size, and the evaluation problem is converted into an optimization problem which takes a fitting error minimum target and a similar circle mapping parameter as design variables; and finally, solving by utilizing a gray wolf optimization algorithm to obtain a final full-parameter ultrasonic evaluation model.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method of grain size of a superalloy of the present invention, the modeling and evaluation steps are as follows:
s1, firstly, carrying out ultrasonic detection on a reference test block and a test block by adopting a pulse reflection method and a collinear harmonic method, and extracting ultrasonic characteristic parameters (sample number N and dimension M) such as sound velocity, attenuation coefficient, nonlinear coefficient and the like; then, metallographic sampling was performed on the reference block and the test block, and the structure of the block was observed with an optical microscope to calculate the average crystal grain size (number of samples N).
S2, carrying out normalization processing by using the ultrasonic characteristic parameters obtained in S1, setting circle-like mapping parameters, projecting all the normalized ultrasonic characteristic parameters into a two-dimensional circular space by using a circle-like mapping method, constructing a projection polygon and extracting second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters, and specifically comprising the following steps:
s21, representing the ultrasound characteristic parameters (sample number N, dimension M) as P ═ in the form of variables (P ═ M)1,P2,...,PM) M represents the dimension of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and P is obtained by normalization processing
Figure BDA0002320649970000061
Is P*M is not less than 1 and not more than M, pnmIs composed of
Figure BDA0002320649970000062
N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and N represents the number of samples of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter;
s22, normalizing the ultrasonic characteristic parameters P*(number of samples N, dimension M) are sorted by dimension, and the sorted results are entered in the form of rows into a sequence matrix
Figure BDA0002320649970000071
(dimension M) while updating P according to the sorting result*(ii) a Then, according to the sequence, the weight of the included angle is set, i.e. P*The weight of the ultrasonic characteristic parameters of the corresponding dimension on the circular arc is calculated, and the corresponding projection included angle is recorded into an included angle matrix in a row form
Figure BDA0002320649970000072
(dimension M). In a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, a unit circle space with a radius of R is made with O as the center, as shown in fig. 2. Will P*The dimensions of the arc C are distributed on the arc C in turn in an anchor point form, and the coordinates of the dimension anchor points are expressed as
Em＝(Emx,Emy)＝(R*cos(αm),R*sin(αm)) (1)
In the formula, EmxAs a dimension anchor point EmAbscissa of (a), EmyAs a dimension anchor point EmThe ordinate of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002320649970000073
m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to M is an included angle between the dimension anchor point and the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system, wherein w is P*The ultrasonic characteristic parameters of the corresponding middle dimension account for the weight on the circular arc, namely the weight of the included angle, and
Figure BDA0002320649970000074
theta is the angle between two adjacent dimensional anchor points, and
Figure BDA0002320649970000075
s23, setting distance weight of corresponding projection point on the connecting line between each dimension anchor point and the circle center so as to determine the position of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter when the ultrasonic characteristic parameter is projected to the circle-like space, and recording the position into a radius matrix
Figure BDA0002320649970000076
(dimension M), adding P*All the individuals in the group are projected to a circle-like space in sequence to form N x M projection points. As shown in FIG. 2, is P*The process of projecting all the nth samples to the quasi-circular space, and any projection point
Figure BDA0002320649970000077
Are both at the center O of the circle-like space and the dimension anchor point EmOn the connecting line of (2), a projection point
Figure BDA0002320649970000078
Distance to center O
Figure BDA0002320649970000079
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA00023206499700000710
in the formula, pnmIs P*The nth sample, the value of the m dimension, rmIs composed of
Figure BDA00023206499700000711
The weight on the corresponding link, i.e. the distance weight, 0 ≦ rmR ≦ R, R representing the radius of the unit circle, N ═ 1., N, M ═ 1., M;
the coordinates of the projection points are expressed as:
Figure BDA0002320649970000081
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002320649970000082
is a projected point
Figure BDA0002320649970000083
The abscissa of the (c) axis of the (c),
Figure BDA0002320649970000084
is a projected point
Figure BDA0002320649970000085
N1, 1.., N, M1.., M;
and S24, taking the nth sample as an example, extracting second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters. Sequentially connecting projection points
Figure BDA0002320649970000086
Form a polygon
Figure BDA0002320649970000087
The polygons form a one-to-one correspondence with the ultrasound characteristic parameters. As shown in FIG. 3, the constructed polygon is divided into M triangles by segmentation
Figure BDA0002320649970000088
The sum of the areas of the M triangles is the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter area S; calculating the linear distance between two adjacent projection points, adding the linear distances and summing the linear distances to obtain the perimeter L of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows
Figure BDA0002320649970000089
Figure BDA00023206499700000810
In the formula, L represents the perimeter of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, S represents the area of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and Lnm(m+1)Represents the distance between the m-th projection point and the m + 1-th projection point, lnM1Representing the distance from the Mth projection point to the 1 st projection point;
Figure BDA00023206499700000811
where N is 1,., N, M is 1,., M, and the mth projection point is the last projection point.
S3, constructing a high-order polynomial fitting model facing to the grain size, and fitting by using the grain size obtained in S1 and the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters obtained in S2, wherein specific expressions of the high-order polynomial fitting model in the step are shown as follows
Figure BDA0002320649970000091
Wherein L, S are the perimeter and area of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter extracted by S2, λ0、λkrFor the parameters of the fitting model to be determined, n is the highest order of the fitting model, Q*Indicating the formation of new grain sizes under the fitting action.
Further, first, the perimeter and area of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter extracted in S2 and the grain size Q obtained in S1 are substituted into formula (7) to obtain λ0And λkrAnd further to obtain Q*The specific expression of (1).
S4, setting the fitting error as an optimization target, and optimizing the target by adjusting the circle-like mapping parameters by using GHO (Grey Wolf optimization) algorithm, wherein the optimization target set in the step is specifically
Figure BDA0002320649970000092
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002320649970000093
for the mean absolute error, N represents the number of samples included in the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, Q is the actually measured grain size, Q*Grain size fitted to the model;
s5, when the optimization target in S4 reaches the minimum value, determining the fitting model parameters and the quasi-circle mapping parameters at the moment, so as to establish a quasi-circle mapping Ultrasonic Evaluation model (CMME), wherein the optimization target problem formula is specifically as shown in the following
Figure BDA0002320649970000094
In the formula, lambda and zeta respectively represent the optimal fitting model parameter and the quasi-circle mapping parameter,
Figure BDA0002320649970000095
mean absolute error in the fitting process is indicated.
And S6, inputting the ultrasonic characteristic parameters extracted from the test block into the quasi-circle mapping ultrasonic evaluation model obtained in the S5, and comparing the quasi-circle mapping model with the grain size model value of the test block obtained by metallographic sample preparation to verify the accuracy of the model.
In the present embodiment, the nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is taken as an example to illustrate the evaluation method of the present invention. 30 reference test blocks are prepared, and 2 test blocks are T1And T2Test of the actual grain size average T of the test block1＝12.809μm，T2＝35.276μm。
By adopting the method, the ultrasonic characteristic parameters of 30 reference test blocks are respectively obtained through S1, the metallographic sample preparation is carried out next step, the microstructure morphology shown in figure 4 is obtained by using an optical microscope, and the average grain size is calculated. Next, second-order ultrasound feature parameters S, L are extracted using S2. And then, primarily constructing a polynomial fitting model with the order of 4 by using S3, adjusting the quasi-circle mapping parameters and the fitting model parameters through S4 and S5, and finally determining the quasi-circle mapping ultrasonic evaluation model of the grain size, wherein a specific model image is shown in FIG. 5, the quasi-circle mapping parameters are shown in Table 1, and the fitting model parameters are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 quasi-circular mapping parameters of CMUT model
Figure BDA0002320649970000101
TABLE 2 fitting parameters of CMUT model
Figure BDA0002320649970000102
Finally, the ultrasonic evaluation model of the similar circle mapping obtained by S5 is used for testing the test block T1And T2Nondestructive evaluation of the average grain size was performed, and table 3 shows the evaluation results and error analysis of this example.
Table 3 verification of CMUE model on test block
Figure BDA0002320649970000111
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the actual measured values of the grain sizes of the reference test block all fall on the surface of the simulated fit value output by the fitting model, and particularly, the magnified part in the upper right corner of the figure can be clearly seen. As shown in table 3, the method comprehensively considers the ultrasound information carried by all the ultrasound characteristic parameters, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the evaluation model. As can be seen from the evaluation results of the test block under the model, the test block T1The error of (2) is extremely small and is only 0.004 μm, the relative error is more only 0.031, and the test block T is the same2The error and the relative error of the error also achieve good effect. It is clear that the method of the invention is evaluable with respect to both the traditional ultrasound method using a single ultrasound characteristic parameter and the collaborative evaluation method using a plurality of ultrasound characteristic parametersThe range of the high-temperature alloy is wider, and the robustness and the accuracy are higher.
According to the invention, a circle-like mapping method is used for carrying out secondary extraction on all ultrasonic characteristic parameters extracted by ultrasonic detection, and the obtained second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters cover global ultrasonic information. The method effectively avoids the problem that when a single ultrasonic characteristic parameter is used for representing the grain size, the carried ultrasonic information is too little to solve the evaluation work of the high-temperature alloy with a complex organization structure, and simultaneously solves the problems that the selected characteristic dimension is high and the key information is lost easily in the process of selecting the parameter combination by using a multi-parameter collaborative evaluation method. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can maintain the accuracy of the test result by using all ultrasonic characteristic parameters for model construction, and is an evaluation method capable of facing the grain size of the high-temperature alloy.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. A circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method for grain size of high-temperature alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sequentially carrying out ultrasonic detection and metallographic phase sample preparation on the reference test block, and correspondingly extracting ultrasonic characteristic parameters and grain size;
s2, normalizing the ultrasonic characteristic parameters, setting circle-like mapping parameters, constructing a circle-like space to form a dimension anchor point, projecting all the normalized ultrasonic characteristic parameters to the circle-like space by using a circle-like mapping method to form a projection point, constructing a projection polygon based on the projection point and extracting second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters;
s3, constructing a high-order polynomial fitting model facing to the grain size, and fitting by using the grain size and the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameters;
s4, setting a fitting error as an optimization target, and optimizing by adjusting the quasi-circle mapping parameters;
s5, when the optimization target reaches the minimum, determining the optimal fitting model parameters and the optimal quasi-circle mapping parameters, and establishing a quasi-circle mapping ultrasonic evaluation model;
and S6, evaluating the grain size of the test block by using the circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation model, and verifying the accuracy of the model by comparing the grain size error measured by metallographic sample preparation.
2. The method for ultrasonically evaluating the circle-like mapping of the grain size of the superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises the steps of:
s21, representing the ultrasonic characteristic parameter as P ═ in a variable mode (P)1,P2,...,PM) M represents the dimension of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and P is obtained by normalizing P*＝(P1 *,P2 *,...,PM *),
Figure FDA0002320649960000011
Is P*M is not less than 1 and not more than M, pnmIs composed of
Figure FDA0002320649960000012
N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and N represents the number of samples of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter;
s22, normalizingUltrasonic characteristic parameter P after conversion*Sorting according to dimension, and recording the sorting result into sequence matrix in the form of row
Figure FDA0002320649960000013
Updating P according to the sorting result*；
According to the sequence, setting P*The weight of the ultrasonic characteristic parameters of the corresponding dimension on the circular arc is calculated, the corresponding projection included angle is calculated, and the included angle matrix is recorded in a line form
Figure FDA0002320649960000014
In a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, taking O as the center of a circle, making a unit circle with radius R, and dividing P into P*The dimensions of the arc C are sequentially distributed on the arc C in an anchor point mode, and the coordinates of the dimension anchor points are represented as follows:
Em＝(Emx,Emy)＝(R*cos(αm),R*sin(αm)) (1)
in the formula, EmxAs a dimension anchor point EmAbscissa of (a), EmyAs a dimension anchor point EmThe ordinate of (a) is,
Figure FDA0002320649960000021
is the included angle between the dimension anchor point and the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system, wherein w is P*The ultrasonic characteristic parameters of the corresponding dimension occupy the weight on the circular arc, and
Figure FDA0002320649960000022
theta is the angle between two adjacent dimensional anchor points, and
Figure FDA0002320649960000023
s23, setting distance weight of corresponding projection point on the connecting line between each dimension anchor point and the circle center, determining the position of the projection point of the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and recording the position into a radius matrix
Figure FDA0002320649960000024
Will P*All samples in the system are projected to a circle-like space in sequence to form N × M projection points;
wherein, any projection point
Figure FDA0002320649960000025
Are both at the center O of the circle-like space and the dimension anchor point EmOn the connecting line of (2), a projection point
Figure FDA0002320649960000026
Distance to center O
Figure FDA0002320649960000027
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002320649960000028
in the formula, pnmIs P*The nth sample, the value of the m dimension, rmIs composed of
Figure FDA0002320649960000029
Weight on the corresponding connecting line, r is more than or equal to 0mR ≦ R, R representing the radius of the unit circle, N ═ 1., N, M ═ 1., M;
the coordinates of the projection points are expressed as:
Figure FDA00023206499600000210
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00023206499600000211
is a projected point
Figure FDA00023206499600000212
The abscissa of the (c) axis of the (c),
Figure FDA00023206499600000213
is a projected point
Figure FDA00023206499600000214
N1, 1.., N, M1.., M;
s24, sequentially connecting projection points
Figure FDA00023206499600000215
Form a polygon
Figure FDA00023206499600000216
The polygon and the ultrasonic characteristic parameters form a one-to-one corresponding relation;
decomposing the polygon into M triangles by adopting a segmentation method
Figure FDA0002320649960000031
The sum of the areas of the M triangles is the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter area S; calculating the linear distance between two adjacent projection points, adding the linear distances, and summing to obtain the perimeter L of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002320649960000032
Figure FDA0002320649960000033
in the formula, L represents the perimeter of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, S represents the area of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, and Lnm(m+1)Represents the distance between the m-th projection point and the m + 1-th projection point, lnM1Representing the distance from the Mth projection point to the 1 st projection point;
Figure FDA0002320649960000034
wherein, N is 1, 1., N, M is 1.
3. The method for ultrasonically evaluating the quasi-circular mapping of the grain size of the superalloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein in S3, the high-order polynomial fitting model facing the grain size is specifically:
Figure FDA0002320649960000035
wherein L, S represents the perimeter and area of the second-order ultrasonic characteristic parameter, λ0、λkrFor the parameters of the fitting model to be determined, n is the highest order of the fitting model, Q*Indicating the formation of new grain sizes under the fitting action.
4. The method for ultrasonically evaluating the circle-like mapping of the grain size of the superalloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the optimization objective set in S4 is specifically:
Figure FDA0002320649960000036
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002320649960000041
for the mean absolute error, N represents the number of samples included in the ultrasonic characteristic parameter, Q is the actually measured grain size, Q*Grain size fitted to the model;
and optimizing the optimization target by utilizing a gray wolf optimization algorithm.
5. The method for ultrasonically evaluating the circle-like mapping of the grain size of the superalloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S5 is specifically as follows:
when the optimization target reaches the minimum value, determining the quasi-circle mapping parameters and the fitting model parameters at the moment, wherein the optimization target problem formula is specifically shown as follows
Figure FDA0002320649960000042
In the formula, lambda and zeta respectively represent the optimal fitting model parameter and the quasi-circle mapping parameter,
Figure FDA0002320649960000043
mean absolute error in the fitting process is indicated.
CN201911296322.4A 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method Active CN111044614B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911296322.4A CN111044614B (en) 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911296322.4A CN111044614B (en) 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111044614A true CN111044614A (en) 2020-04-21
CN111044614B CN111044614B (en) 2022-03-29

Family

ID=70236813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201911296322.4A Active CN111044614B (en) 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111044614B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111752247A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-09 昆明理工大学 Optimized scheduling method for high-temperature alloy cutting processing production
CN112328972A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-02-05 南昌航空大学 Method and system for evaluating crystal grain structure
CN113804591A (en) * 2021-09-03 2021-12-17 南昌航空大学 High-dimensional ultrasonic evaluation method for grain size of nickel-based alloy

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006284457A (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-19 Nippon Steel Corp Analysis method by two-dimensional model
US20100121584A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-13 Moreau Andre Method and apparatus for ultrasonic characterization of scale-dependent bulk material heterogeneities
CN104749251A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-07-01 中南大学 Grain size ultrasonic evaluation method without influence of underwater sound distance
CN108490081A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-09-04 南昌航空大学 A kind of determination method of alloy grain size based on multi-parameter and determining system
CN109033586A (en) * 2018-07-13 2018-12-18 南昌航空大学 Determination method and determining system based on the alloy grain size of mapping monotonicity

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006284457A (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-19 Nippon Steel Corp Analysis method by two-dimensional model
US20100121584A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-13 Moreau Andre Method and apparatus for ultrasonic characterization of scale-dependent bulk material heterogeneities
CN104749251A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-07-01 中南大学 Grain size ultrasonic evaluation method without influence of underwater sound distance
CN108490081A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-09-04 南昌航空大学 A kind of determination method of alloy grain size based on multi-parameter and determining system
CN109033586A (en) * 2018-07-13 2018-12-18 南昌航空大学 Determination method and determining system based on the alloy grain size of mapping monotonicity

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SHAN HUANG等: "The Quasi-circular Mapping Visualization Based on Extending and Reordering Dimensions for Visual Clustering Analysis", 《CLOUD COMPUTING AND SECURITY》 *
李新城等: "纳米级析出相对微合金钢组织超细化的影响", 《材料热处理学报》 *
董金龙等: "高温合金晶粒尺寸的超声评价方法及检测装置", 《失效分析与预防》 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111752247A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-09 昆明理工大学 Optimized scheduling method for high-temperature alloy cutting processing production
CN111752247B (en) * 2020-07-02 2021-05-14 昆明理工大学 Optimized scheduling method for high-temperature alloy cutting processing production
CN112328972A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-02-05 南昌航空大学 Method and system for evaluating crystal grain structure
CN112328972B (en) * 2020-11-11 2022-03-29 南昌航空大学 Method and system for evaluating crystal grain structure
CN113804591A (en) * 2021-09-03 2021-12-17 南昌航空大学 High-dimensional ultrasonic evaluation method for grain size of nickel-based alloy
CN113804591B (en) * 2021-09-03 2023-05-12 南昌航空大学 High-dimensional ultrasonic evaluation method for nickel-based alloy grain size

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111044614B (en) 2022-03-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111044614B (en) High-temperature alloy grain size circle-like mapping ultrasonic evaluation method
CN112232400B (en) Stainless steel weld ultrasonic defect detection method based on depth feature fusion
WO2021238191A1 (en) Positioning compensation method and apparatus for robot
Beretta More than 25 years of extreme value statistics for defects: fundamentals, historical developments, recent applications
He et al. Using genetic algorithms and finite element methods to detect shaft crack for rotor-bearing system
CN105608263B (en) A kind of adaptive processing method towards turbine blade structural life-time probability analysis
Thompson A unified approach to the model‐assisted determination of probability of detection
CN102759573B (en) Based on the construction damage positioning of frequency change and the appraisal procedure of degree of injury
JP6951250B2 (en) How to formulate a model ensemble for calibration of control devices
CN104749251B (en) A kind of rejecting crystallite dimension ultrasonic evaluation method of the underwater sound away from influence
CN112926152B (en) Digital twin-driven thin-wall part clamping force precise control and optimization method
CN107121501A (en) A kind of turbine rotor defect classification method
AU2020271967B2 (en) Method for determining the geometry of a defect on the basis of non-destructive measurement methods using direct inversion
Rentala et al. POD evaluation: the key performance indicator for NDE 4.0
CN114462717A (en) Small sample gas concentration prediction method based on improved GAN and LSTM
Vasudevan et al. Artificial neural network modelling for evaluating austenitic stainless steel and Zircaloy-2 welds
CN112836433B (en) Construction method and size identification method of high-temperature alloy grain size identification model
CN113804591B (en) High-dimensional ultrasonic evaluation method for nickel-based alloy grain size
Cheng et al. Geometric discontinuity effect on creep-fatigue behaviors in a nickel-based superalloy hole structure considering ratcheting deformation
Pacana et al. Analysis of the level of efficiency of control methods in the context of energy intensity
Wall et al. Worth of modelling for assessing the intrinsic capability of NDT
Guo et al. Ultrasonic characterization of small defects based on Res-ViT and unsupervised domain adaptation
CN116050252B (en) Structure fatigue damage prediction method and device and storage medium
CN112699095B (en) Optical characteristic modeling database generation method based on ANN
CN112328972B (en) Method and system for evaluating crystal grain structure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant