CN111044488A - Smoke concentration detection device based on TDLAS technology and image analysis - Google Patents
Smoke concentration detection device based on TDLAS technology and image analysis Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of smoke concentration detection. The purpose provides a flue gas detection device based on TDLAS technique and image analysis, and the device can detect gas concentration and dust concentration in the flue gas simultaneously, reduces the detection cost to can improve detection precision and detection efficiency greatly. The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a flue gas concentration detection device based on TDLAS technique and image analysis which characterized in that: the device comprises a light path module, a gas path module, an integrating sphere gas chamber module and a signal processing module; the light path module comprises a detection light source emitting component and a detection light source receiving component; the detection light source emitting assembly, the integrating sphere air chamber module, the detection light source receiving assembly and the signal processing module are sequentially arranged along the light path transmission direction of the detection light source; the integrating sphere air chamber module comprises a measuring integrating sphere and a reference integrating sphere which are same in size and material; the gas circuit module is communicated with the measuring integrating sphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of smoke concentration detection, in particular to a smoke concentration detection device based on a TDLAS technology and image analysis.
Background
The flue gas is a mixture of dust and gas, and the real-time online detection of the flue gas concentration in industrial production has important significance for environmental monitoring, industrial development and the like. There have been many studies for detecting dust or gas alone, but relatively few studies for detecting dust and gas simultaneously with one apparatus.
The dust concentration detection method mainly includes a weighing method, a light scattering method, a light transmission method and the like. The weighing method is only suitable for being used as a calibration comparison method in a laboratory due to complicated steps and incapability of reflecting the concentration of a dust place in real time, and cannot meet the requirement of quick detection required in actual production. The light scattering method and the light transmission method are based on the Lambert beer law, the dust concentration is reflected according to the information of scattered light or transmitted light, and compared with a weighing method, the optical method adopts non-contact measurement, so that the optical method has higher precision, better stability and better sensitivity, and can meet the requirement of real-time online rapid detection.
The gas concentration is detected mainly by an electrochemical method, a gas chromatography method, an optical method, or the like. Among many methods, tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is one of the mainstream methods for gas optical detection due to its advantages of high sensitivity, high detection speed, real-time online non-contact detection, etc.
The use of optical methods to detect dust or gas concentrations typically involves a long optical path gas absorption cell. The conventional absorption cell mainly includes a white cell and a herriott cell. The white cell consists of three concave mirrors with the same curvature radius, and light enters the measurement air chamber and is reflected for multiple times in the three mirrors to increase the optical path. Although the white cell is widely used, the white cell has the problems of limited detection precision, high price and the like due to limited reflection times. The Herriott cell consists of two spherical mirrors, and light enters from the incident light port and is reflected in the two spherical mirrors for multiple times and finally still exits from the incident light port. Although the herriott cell has advantages such as simple structure, the herriott cell still has the defect of limited optical path and limited detection precision for low-concentration gas to be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide a smoke detection device based on a TDLAS technology and image analysis, which can simultaneously detect the gas concentration and the dust concentration in smoke, reduce the detection cost and greatly improve the detection precision and the detection efficiency.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a flue gas concentration detection device based on TDLAS technique and image analysis which characterized in that: the device comprises a light path module, a gas path module, an integrating sphere gas chamber module and a signal processing module; the light path module comprises a detection light source emitting component and a detection light source receiving component; the detection light source emitting assembly, the integrating sphere air chamber module, the detection light source receiving assembly and the signal processing module are sequentially arranged along the light path transmission direction of the detection light source; the integrating sphere air chamber module comprises a measuring integrating sphere and a reference integrating sphere which are same in size and material; the gas circuit module is communicated with the measurement integrating sphere;
a first light inlet is formed in the spherical surface of the left hemisphere of the measuring integrating sphere; a first light outlet, a second light outlet, a third light outlet and a fourth light outlet are sequentially formed in the right hemispherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; a first air inlet, a second air inlet, a third air inlet and a fourth air inlet are formed in the upper hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; a first air outlet, a second air outlet, a third air outlet and a fourth air outlet are formed in the spherical surface of the lower hemisphere of the measuring integrating sphere; the outer wall of the measuring integrating sphere is provided with a temperature and pressure sensor; a first baffle plate positioned between the first light outlet and the second light outlet and a second baffle plate positioned between the third light outlet and the fourth light outlet are arranged on the inner wall of the measurement integrating sphere; the measurement integrating sphere is also provided with a clean gas inlet; the centers of the first light inlet, the first light outlet, the second light outlet, the third light outlet and the fourth light outlet are all positioned on a vertical section of the measuring integrating sphere passing through the center of the sphere; the four air outlets and the four air inlets are arranged in central symmetry with respect to the sphere center of the measurement integrating sphere;
a second light inlet is formed in the spherical surface of the left hemisphere of the reference integrating sphere; a fifth light outlet, a sixth light outlet, a seventh light outlet and an eighth light outlet are sequentially formed in the right hemispherical surface of the reference integrating sphere; a third baffle plate positioned between the fifth light outlet and the sixth light outlet and a fourth baffle plate positioned between the seventh light outlet and the eighth light outlet are arranged on the inner wall of the reference integrating sphere; the distribution positions of the second light inlet, the fifth light outlet, the sixth light outlet, the seventh light outlet, the eighth light outlet, the third baffle and the fourth baffle on the reference integrating sphere are consistent with the distribution positions of the first light inlet, the first light outlet, the second light outlet, the third light outlet, the fourth light outlet, the first baffle and the second baffle on the measurement integrating sphere;
the detection light source emitting assembly comprises a laser, a rotatable reflector, a laser collimator, a spatial filter, a laser beam expander and a laser beam splitter which are arranged in sequence; the lasers include a first laser and a second laser; the emission directions of the detection light sources of the first laser and the second laser are mutually vertical;
the detection light source receiving assemblies are eight groups and respectively correspond to eight light outlets in the integrating sphere air chamber module one by one; each group of receiving assemblies comprises a Fourier lens arranged at the light outlet to converge laser beams and a photoelectric detector used for converting the converged laser beams into electric signals;
the gas circuit module comprises a sampling gas pump, a dryer, a three-way valve, a cyclone-bag dust collector, a dust flowmeter and a gas flowmeter; the sampling air pump, the dryer and the inlets of the three-way valve are sequentially communicated through pipelines; one outlet of the three-way valve is sequentially communicated with the cyclone-bag dust collector and the gas flowmeter, and the other outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the dust flowmeter; the dust flowmeter and the gas flowmeter are communicated with four gas inlets on the measurement integrating sphere through pipelines;
the signal processing module comprises a preamplification circuit, a phase-locked amplification circuit, an A/D converter, a computer, a waveform generator, a coupler and a laser controller which are sequentially and electrically connected; the preamplification circuit is electrically connected with the eight photoelectric detectors; the laser controller is electrically connected with the first laser.
The first light inlet is positioned at the center of the left hemispherical spherical surface of the measuring integrating sphere; the four light outlets are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the horizontal section of the measuring integrating sphere passing through the center of the sphere.
The first air inlet is positioned at the center of the upper hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; the centers of the second air inlet, the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet are uniformly distributed on a horizontal section of the upper hemisphere of the measuring integrating sphere, which is 45 degrees away from the center of the sphere.
And polytetrafluoroethylene materials are uniformly coated on the inner wall of the measurement integrating sphere, the inner wall of the reference integrating sphere and the four baffles.
The first laser adopts a DFB laser; the second laser adopts a 532nm all-solid-state semiconductor green laser.
The spatial filter adopts a pinhole filter.
And broadband antireflection films are additionally arranged at the light inlet and the light outlet of the laser collimator.
The photoelectric detectors corresponding to the first light outlet, the third light outlet, the fifth light outlet and the seventh light outlet respectively adopt visible light detectors; and the photoelectric detectors corresponding to the second light outlet, the fourth light outlet, the sixth light outlet and the eighth light outlet respectively adopt near-infrared band detectors.
The visible light detector is a CCD photoelectric detector; the near-infrared band detector is an indium gallium arsenic detector.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) when the device is used for detecting the dust concentration, a dust concentration-gray level image curve needs to be calibrated in advance, so that the dust concentration is associated with the gray level of an image; by adopting a non-contact measuring method, the dust concentration value in the flue gas can be remotely detected in real time on line, and the device is suitable for being used in the actual production process, so that the flexibility and the applicability of the device are greatly improved; meanwhile, the dust concentration can be controlled and monitored by Labview and other software subsequently, so that the operability is stronger;
2) the invention combines the TDLAS technology and the image analysis technology, realizes the purpose that one device simultaneously detects the concentration of dust and gas in the flue gas, and greatly improves the detection efficiency;
3) the detection light source emitted by the laser can be divided into two beams 1 by the laser beam splitter: 1, the light beams are respectively used as a measuring light beam and a reference light beam, and the influence of laser light source fluctuation can be effectively reduced by adopting a double-light-path difference design;
4) the measurement air chamber adopts an integrating sphere device, compared with a long-optical-path absorption pool such as a traditional white pool and a Herriott pool, the integrating sphere has smaller volume and lower cost, the effective optical path of the detection light can be greatly increased, and the detection precision is improved;
5) the design of the measuring integrating sphere adopts the centrosymmetric design of four air inlets and four air outlets, so that the whole measuring integrating sphere can be quickly and uniformly distributed with the smoke to be measured, and the detection efficiency is improved; and the detection light of the dust concentration and the gas concentration is received by adopting a plurality of photoelectric detectors, so that the error caused by the nonuniformity of the single photoelectric detector can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is one of the schematic position distributions (main view direction) of four air inlets and four air outlets on the measurement integrating sphere in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram (left view direction) of the position distribution of four air inlets and four air outlets on the measurement integrating sphere in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a third schematic view (in a top view) of the position distribution of four air inlets and four air outlets on the measurement integrating sphere in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position distribution of the first light inlet and the four light outlets in the measurement integrating sphere on the B-B section.
Reference numerals:
1. a high-frequency sine wave; 2. a low frequency sawtooth wave; 3. a coupler; 4. a laser controller; 5. a first laser; 6. a second laser; 7. a rotatable mirror; 8. a laser collimator; 9. a spatial filter; 10. a laser beam expander; 11. a laser beam splitter; 12. a first Fourier lens; 13. a second Fourier lens; 14. a third Fourier lens; 15. a fourth Fourier lens; 16. a fifth Fourier lens; 17. a sixth Fourier lens; 18. a seventh Fourier lens; 19. an eighth Fourier lens; 20. a first photodetector; 21. a second photodetector; 22. a third photodetector; 23. a fourth photodetector; 24. a fifth photodetector; 25. a sixth photodetector; 26. a seventh photodetector; 27. an eighth photodetector; 28. a pre-amplification circuit; 29. a phase-locked amplifying circuit; 30. an A/D converter; 31. a computer; 32. a waveform generator; 33. smoke to be detected; 34. sampling an air pump; 35. a dryer; 36. a three-way valve; 37. cyclone-bag dust collector; 38. a dust flow meter; 39. a gas flow meter; 40. measuring an integrating sphere; 411. a first baffle plate; 412. a second baffle; 42 a first light inlet; 431. a first light outlet; 432. a second light outlet; 433. a third light outlet; 434. a fourth light outlet; 441. a first air inlet; 442. a second air inlet; 443. a third air inlet; 444. a fourth air inlet; 451. a first air outlet; 452. a second air outlet; 453. a third air outlet; 454. a fourth air outlet; 46. a temperature and pressure sensor; 47. a clean gas inlet; 48 reference integrating sphere; 491. a third baffle plate; 492. a fourth baffle; 50. a second air inlet; 511. a fifth light outlet; 512. a sixth light outlet; 513. a seventh light outlet; 514. an eighth light outlet; A-A, measuring the horizontal section of the integrating sphere passing through the center of the sphere; and B-B, measuring the vertical section of the integrating sphere passing through the center of the sphere.
Detailed Description
The following further description is made with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
The smoke concentration detection device based on the TDLAS technology and the image analysis as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a light path module, a gas path module, an integrating sphere gas chamber module and a signal processing module. The light path module comprises a detection light source emitting component and a detection light source receiving component; the detection light source emitting assembly, the integrating sphere air chamber module, the detection light source receiving assembly and the signal processing module are sequentially arranged along the light path transmission direction of the detection light source; the integrating sphere air chamber module comprises a measuring integrating sphere 40 and a reference integrating sphere 48 which are same in size and material; the gas circuit module is communicated with the measuring integrating sphere. For convenience of description, the up, down, left, and right directions of the measurement integrating sphere in fig. 2 are taken as the up, down, left, and right directions in the present embodiment.
Integrating sphere air chamber module
As shown in fig. 1, a first light inlet 42 is formed on the left hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; a first light outlet 431, a second light outlet 432, a third light outlet 433 and a fourth light outlet 434 are sequentially formed in the right hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere from top to bottom; a first air inlet 441, a second air inlet 442, a third air inlet 443 and a fourth air inlet 444 are formed in the upper hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere and are used for introducing the smoke 33 to be measured; a first air outlet 451, a second air outlet 452, a third air outlet 453 and a fourth air outlet 454 are formed in the lower hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere and used for discharging smoke to be measured; the measurement integrating sphere is also provided with a clean gas inlet 47 for introducing clean gas (preferably nitrogen) to blow clean and empty residual flue gas to be measured in the measurement integrating sphere. The outer wall of the measurement integrating sphere is provided with a temperature and pressure sensor 46 for monitoring the temperature, the humidity and the air pressure of the smoke in the measurement integrating sphere in real time so as to ensure the relative stability of the detection environment. A first baffle 441 and a second baffle 442 are mounted on the inner wall of the measuring integrating sphere; the first baffle is positioned between the first light outlet and the second light outlet, the second baffle is positioned between the third light outlet and the fourth light outlet, and the baffle is arranged to prevent incident light from directly irradiating a photoelectric detector of the detection light source receiving assembly.
As shown in fig. 5, the centers of the first light inlet, the first light outlet, the second light outlet, the third light outlet and the fourth light outlet are all located on a vertical section (i.e., a section B-B) through which the integrating sphere passes through the center of the sphere; in this embodiment, the first light inlet is located at the center of the left hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; the four light outlets are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of a horizontal section (namely an A-A section) of the measuring integrating sphere passing through the center of the sphere.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the four air inlets and the four air outlets are arranged in a central symmetry manner with respect to the sphere center of the measurement integrating sphere (i.e., the first air inlet corresponds to the first air outlet, the second air inlet corresponds to the second air outlet, the third air inlet corresponds to the third air outlet, and the fourth air inlet corresponds to the fourth air outlet); the centrosymmetric design of four air inlets and four air outlets is adopted, so that the whole measurement integrating sphere can be quickly and uniformly filled with the smoke to be detected, and the detection efficiency is greatly improved. In this embodiment, the first air inlet is located at the center of an upper hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; the centers of the second air inlet, the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet are uniformly distributed on a horizontal section of the upper hemisphere of the measurement integrating sphere, which is 45 degrees away from the center of the sphere (obviously, in the projection of the second air inlet, the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet on the section A-A, the included angles among the three air inlets are 120 degrees mutually). In order to avoid the influence of outside air, all air inlets and air outlets are in one-way ventilation.
A second light inlet 50 is formed in the spherical surface of the left hemisphere of the reference integrating sphere; a fifth light outlet 511, a sixth light outlet 512, a seventh light outlet 513 and an eighth light outlet 514 are sequentially formed on the right hemispherical surface of the reference integrating sphere; a third baffle 491 positioned between the fifth light outlet and the sixth light outlet and a fourth baffle 492 positioned between the seventh light outlet and the eighth light outlet are arranged on the inner wall of the reference integrating sphere; the distribution positions of the second light inlet, the fifth light outlet, the sixth light outlet, the seventh light outlet, the eighth light outlet, the third baffle and the fourth baffle on the reference integrating sphere are consistent with the distribution positions of the first light inlet, the first light outlet, the second light outlet, the third light outlet, the fourth light outlet, the first baffle and the second baffle on the measurement integrating sphere, and further description is omitted.
Polytetrafluoroethylene materials are uniformly coated on the inner wall of the measurement integrating sphere, the inner wall of the reference integrating sphere and the four baffles to serve as diffuse reflection layers, so that the reflectivity of the detection light source is improved.
Second, light path module
The detection light source emitting assembly comprises a laser, a rotatable reflector 7, a laser collimator 8, a spatial filter 9, a laser beam expander 10 and a laser beam splitter 11 which are sequentially arranged; the lasers include a first laser 5 and a second laser 6; the emission directions of the detection light sources of the first laser and the second laser are perpendicular to each other. In consideration of the requirements of the detection signal on the quality, the output wavelength, the monochromaticity and the like of the detection light source, the first laser adopts a DFB laser, and the second laser adopts a 532nm all-solid-state semiconductor green laser. The detection light source emitted by the first laser is used for detecting the gas concentration, and the detection light source emitted by the second laser is used for detecting the dust concentration.
The rotatable reflector is a reflector which is arranged on an electric sliding table (not shown in the figure) and can move and rotate at any angle, and two different detection light sources can be freely switched by changing the position and the angle of the rotatable reflector.
The laser collimator is arranged at the light outlet of the rotatable reflector, and has the function of collimating divergent light of the detection light source, so that the drift of the direction of a laser beam (namely the detection light source) is avoided. In this embodiment, broadband antireflection films are added to both the light inlet and the light outlet of the laser collimator.
The spatial filter is arranged at the light outlet of the laser collimator and used for filtering out the diverging light and the stray light of the detection light source so as to improve the quality of the laser beam. The spatial filter in this embodiment is a pinhole filter.
The laser beam expander is arranged at the light outlet of the laser collimator so as to expand the diameter of the laser beam after stray light is filtered and reduce the divergence angle.
The laser beam splitter is placed in the light-emitting port department of laser beam splitter, plays and falls into 1 to the laser beam after expanding: 1, the first laser beam and the second laser beam; the first laser beam is used as a measuring beam and led into the measuring integrating sphere, and the second laser beam is used as a reference beam and led into the reference integrating sphere.
The receiving assemblies are eight groups and respectively correspond to eight light outlets in the integrating sphere air chamber module one by one; each group of receiving components comprises a Fourier lens and a photoelectric detector which are arranged at the light outlet. The Fourier lens mainly plays a role in converging the measuring light beam and the reference light beam on the photoelectric detector; the photoelectric detector is used for converting the converged laser beam into an electric signal.
In this embodiment, the first fourier lens 12 is placed at the first light outlet of the measurement integrating sphere, the second fourier lens 13 is placed at the second light outlet of the measurement integrating sphere, the third fourier lens 14 is placed at the third light outlet of the measurement integrating sphere, the fourth fourier lens 15 is placed at the fourth light outlet of the measurement integrating sphere, the fifth fourier lens 16 is placed at the fifth light outlet of the reference integrating sphere, the sixth fourier lens 17 is placed at the sixth light outlet of the reference integrating sphere, the seventh fourier lens 18 is placed at the seventh light outlet of the reference integrating sphere, and the eighth fourier lens 19 is placed at the eighth light outlet of the reference integrating sphere.
The first photodetector 20 is placed at the light outlet of the first fourier lens, the second photodetector 21 is placed at the light outlet of the second fourier lens, the third photodetector 22 is placed at the light outlet of the third fourier lens, the fourth photodetector 23 is placed at the light outlet of the fourth fourier lens, the fifth photodetector 24 is placed at the light outlet of the fifth fourier lens, the sixth photodetector 25 is placed at the light outlet of the sixth fourier lens, the seventh photodetector 26 is placed at the light outlet of the seventh fourier lens, and the eighth photodetector 27 is placed at the light outlet of the eighth fourier lens. The first photoelectric detector, the third photoelectric detector, the fifth photoelectric detector and the seventh photoelectric detector are visible light detectors for detecting dust, and preferably CCD photoelectric detectors; the second photoelectric detector, the fourth photoelectric detector, the sixth photoelectric detector and the eighth photoelectric detector are near-infrared band detectors for detecting gases, and preferably indium gallium arsenic detectors. And when the dust concentration is detected, the CCD photoelectric detector is turned on, and when the gas concentration is detected, the indium gallium arsenic detector is turned on. The adoption of a plurality of photoelectric detectors can effectively reduce the error of a single detector caused by non-uniformity and greatly improve the detection precision.
All the optical components are arranged on the optical platform, and the height can be freely adjusted to ensure that the geometric centers or the focuses of the optical components are positioned on the same straight line.
Third, detailed description of gas circuit module
The gas circuit module comprises a sampling gas pump 34, a dryer 35, a three-way valve 36, a cyclone-bag dust collector 37, a dust flowmeter 38 and a gas flowmeter 39; the sampling air pump, the dryer and the inlets of the three-way valve are sequentially communicated through pipelines; one outlet (a right through valve of the three-way valve in the figure 1) of the three-way valve is sequentially communicated with the cyclone-bag dust collector and the gas flowmeter, and the other outlet (a lower through valve of the three-way valve in the figure 1) of the three-way valve is communicated with the dust flowmeter; and the dust flowmeter and the gas flowmeter are communicated with four gas inlets on the measurement integrating sphere through four branch pipes.
The desicator adopts allochroic silica gel to carry out drying process to the moisture in the flue gas that awaits measuring, avoid moisture to cause the influence to the testing result.
The three-way valve is a shunt type three-way valve, and when the dust concentration needs to be detected, a lower valve of the three-way valve is opened; when the gas concentration needs to be detected, a right-hand valve of the three-way valve is opened.
The cyclone-bag dust collector obtains the gas to be detected without dust through two-stage dust collection of centrifugal separation and mechanical filtration.
The dust flow meter is used for detecting the flow of dust to be detected; the gas flowmeter is used for detecting the flow of the gas to be detected.
And the detected dust or gas is exhausted after being converged through the first gas outlet, the second gas outlet, the third gas outlet and the fourth gas outlet.
Fourth, signal processing module
The signal processing module comprises a preamplification circuit 28, a phase-locked amplification circuit 29, an A/D converter 30, a computer 31, a waveform generator 32, a coupler 3 and a laser controller 4 which are electrically connected in sequence; the preamplification circuit is electrically connected with the eight photoelectric detectors; the laser controller is electrically connected with the first laser.
The measuring light beams and the reference light beams are respectively converged on the eight photoelectric detectors after being reflected for multiple times in the measuring integrating sphere and the reference integrating sphere, the eight photoelectric detectors transmit measuring electric signals and reference electric signals to the pre-amplification circuit, and the pre-amplification circuit is used for amplifying the two paths of signals.
The phase-locked amplifying circuit only plays a role in detecting the gas concentration, and does not play a role in detecting the dust concentration; when the gas concentration is detected, the phase-locked amplifying circuit demodulates the two paths of amplifying signals of the pre-amplifying circuit to obtain a second harmonic signal containing the gas concentration, and the second harmonic signal is converted into a digital signal by the A/D converter and then transmitted to a computer for analysis and calculation; when the dust concentration is detected, the pre-amplification circuit directly transmits the two paths of amplification signals to the A/D converter, and the A/D converter converts the two paths of amplification signals into two paths of digital signals and transmits the two paths of digital signals to the computer for analysis and calculation.
The waveform generator, the coupler and the laser controller are used for detecting the gas concentration so as to control the first laser to emit a laser beam with a specific wavelength. The waveform generator is used for generating a high-frequency sine wave 1, the high-frequency sine wave and a low-frequency sawtooth wave 2 generated in the laser controller are overlapped through the coupler to generate a modulation signal, and the laser controller emits a laser beam with a specific wavelength according to the modulation signal and emits the laser beam through the first laser.
The pre-amplifier circuit and the phase-locked amplifier circuit are both in the prior art.
All of the components in each of the above modules are commercially available.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
for detecting the dust concentration in the flue gas, firstly, a calibration curve of a dust concentration-gray level image needs to be established. In the calibration process, a second laser is selected as a detection light source, meanwhile, different-concentration dust (with known concentration) of the same type with the same particle size is taken in advance as a dust sample to be measured, the dust sample is pumped into a measurement integrating sphere through a sampling air pump, a unique corresponding image gray value can be obtained for each sample concentration, the dust with different concentrations and the corresponding image gray value are fitted, and the corresponding relation between the dust concentration of the type with the particle size and the image can be obtained. When the type or the particle size of the dust to be detected is changed, the calibration is needed again. After the calibration is completed, the dust concentration in the smoke to be detected can be detected.
When the dust concentration in the flue gas is detected specifically, the lower through valve of the three-way valve is opened, then the flue gas to be detected is introduced into the integrating sphere, and meanwhile, the second laser is selected as a detection light source. The computer can calculate average gray values in the measurement integrating sphere and the reference integrating sphere respectively according to gray values represented by each pixel point in the image signals, wherein the image signal generated by the reference integrating sphere is used as a background gray value, the image signal generated by the measurement integrating sphere is used as an area gray value, the difference between the area gray value and the background gray value can obtain an instantaneous dust image gray value in the measurement integrating sphere, and finally the detected image gray value is compared with a pre-calibrated dust concentration-gray image curve to obtain a dust concentration value in the smoke to be measured.
When the gas concentration in the flue gas is detected specifically, the three-way valve right-way valve is opened, the filtered flue gas is introduced into the integrating sphere after being filtered by the cyclone bag-type dust collector, and meanwhile, the first laser is selected as a detection light source. The computer controls the waveform generator to cause the first laser to emit a laser beam having a particular wavelength. The computer receives the second harmonic signal, and the gas concentration value can be calculated according to the relation between the second harmonic signal and the gas concentration.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, calibrating a dust concentration-gray level image curve;
s2, extracting part of smoke to be detected by using a sampling air pump;
s3, opening a right through valve of the three-way valve, and allowing the smoke to be measured to enter a measurement integrating sphere through a quartering pipe after being filtered by a cyclone-bag dust collector;
s4, controlling a waveform generator to generate a high-frequency sine wave signal by the computer;
s5, superposing the high-frequency sine wave signal and a low-frequency sawtooth wave signal generated in the laser controller to generate a modulation signal and sending the modulation signal to the laser controller;
s6, adjusting the angle and position of the rotatable reflector, and the laser controller sends out a laser beam with a specific wavelength according to the modulation signal;
s7, the laser beam sequentially passes through the rotatable reflector, the laser collimator, the spatial filter and the laser beam expander to obtain a laser beam with enlarged diameter and no stray light;
s8, dividing the laser beam into two beams 1 by the laser beam splitter: 1, a measuring beam and a reference beam;
s9, a measuring light beam enters the measuring integrating sphere through the first light inlet, is fully reflected in the measuring integrating sphere, passes through the second light outlet and the fourth light outlet, is converged by the second Fourier lens and the fourth Fourier lens and then enters the second photoelectric detector and the fourth photoelectric detector, and an optical signal is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric detector;
s10, enabling the reference light beam to enter the reference integrating sphere through the second light inlet, after being fully reflected in the reference integrating sphere and passing through the sixth light outlet and the eighth light outlet, converging the light beam by the sixth Fourier lens and the eighth Fourier lens and emitting the light beam to the sixth photoelectric detector and the eighth photoelectric detector, and converting the optical signal into an electric signal by the photoelectric detector;
s11, the pre-amplification circuit amplifies the electric signal, demodulates the signal through the phase-locked amplification circuit to obtain a second harmonic signal containing gas concentration, converts the second harmonic signal into a digital signal through an A/D converter, and transmits the digital signal to a computer;
s12, calculating by the computer according to the relationship between the second harmonic signal and the gas concentration value to obtain a gas concentration value;
s13, exhausting the gas to be detected through the first gas outlet, the second gas outlet, the third gas outlet and the fourth gas outlet;
s14, blowing off nitrogen through a clean gas inlet to exhaust residual gas to be detected in the integrating sphere;
s15, extracting part of smoke to be measured by using a sampling air pump, and opening a lower through valve of a three-way valve to allow dust to be measured to enter a measurement integrating sphere through a four-way pipe;
s16, adjusting the angle and position of the rotatable reflector, and starting the second laser to emit a green light beam with a diameter of 532 nm;
s17, the laser beam passes through a laser collimator, a spatial filter and a laser beam expander to obtain a laser beam with an enlarged diameter and no stray light;
s18, dividing the laser beam into two beams 1 by the laser beam splitter: 1, a measuring beam and a reference beam;
s19, enabling a measuring light beam to enter a measuring integrating sphere through a first light inlet, after being fully reflected in the measuring integrating sphere, passing through a first light outlet and a third light outlet, converging the light beam by a first Fourier lens and a third Fourier lens and then emitting the light beam to a first photoelectric detector and a third photoelectric detector, and converting an optical signal into an electric signal by the photoelectric detectors;
s20, enabling the reference light beam to enter the reference integrating sphere through the second light inlet, after being fully reflected in the reference integrating sphere, passing through the fifth light outlet and the seventh light outlet, converging the light beam by the fifth Fourier lens and the seventh Fourier lens to be incident on the fifth photoelectric detector and the seventh photoelectric detector, and converting the optical signal into an electric signal by the photoelectric detector;
s21, after the electric signal is amplified by the pre-amplification circuit, the two paths of amplified signals are converted into two paths of digital signals by the A/D converter and then transmitted to the computer for analysis and calculation;
s22, comparing the image gray values in the two paths of digital signals with a pre-calibrated dust concentration-gray image curve by the computer 31 to obtain the concentration value of the dust;
s23, exhausting the dust to be detected through the first air outlet, the second air outlet, the third air outlet and the fourth air outlet;
and S24, exchanging the detection sequence of dust and gas, and measuring for multiple times to improve the detection precision.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned list is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. It is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a flue gas concentration detection device based on TDLAS technique and image analysis which characterized in that: the device comprises a light path module, a gas path module, an integrating sphere gas chamber module and a signal processing module; the light path module comprises a detection light source emitting component and a detection light source receiving component; the detection light source emitting assembly, the integrating sphere air chamber module, the detection light source receiving assembly and the signal processing module are sequentially arranged along the light path transmission direction of the detection light source; the integrating sphere air chamber module comprises a measuring integrating sphere (40) and a reference integrating sphere (48) which are same in size and material; the gas circuit module is communicated with the measurement integrating sphere;
a first light inlet (42) is formed in the spherical surface of the left hemisphere of the measuring integrating sphere; a first light outlet (431), a second light outlet (432), a third light outlet (433) and a fourth light outlet (434) are sequentially formed in the right hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; a first air inlet (441), a second air inlet (442), a third air inlet (443) and a fourth air inlet (444) are formed in the upper hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; a first air outlet (451), a second air outlet (452), a third air outlet (453) and a fourth air outlet (454) are formed in the lower hemispherical spherical surface of the measuring integrating sphere; a temperature and pressure sensor (46) is arranged on the outer wall of the measuring integrating sphere; a first baffle (411) positioned between the first light outlet and the second light outlet and a second baffle (412) positioned between the third light outlet and the fourth light outlet are arranged on the inner wall of the measurement integrating sphere; the measurement integrating sphere is also provided with a clean gas inlet (47); the centers of the first light inlet, the first light outlet, the second light outlet, the third light outlet and the fourth light outlet are all positioned on a vertical section of the measuring integrating sphere passing through the center of the sphere; the four air outlets and the four air inlets are arranged in central symmetry with respect to the sphere center of the measurement integrating sphere;
a second light inlet (50) is formed in the spherical surface of the left hemisphere of the reference integrating sphere; a fifth light outlet (511), a sixth light outlet (512), a seventh light outlet (513) and an eighth light outlet (514) are sequentially formed in the right hemispherical spherical surface of the reference integrating sphere; a third baffle (491) positioned between the fifth light outlet and the sixth light outlet and a fourth baffle (492) positioned between the seventh light outlet and the eighth light outlet are arranged on the inner wall of the reference integrating sphere; the distribution positions of the second light inlet, the fifth light outlet, the sixth light outlet, the seventh light outlet, the eighth light outlet, the third baffle and the fourth baffle on the reference integrating sphere are consistent with the distribution positions of the first light inlet, the first light outlet, the second light outlet, the third light outlet, the fourth light outlet, the first baffle and the second baffle on the measurement integrating sphere;
the detection light source emitting assembly comprises a laser, a rotatable reflector (7), a laser collimator (8), a spatial filter (9), a laser beam expander (10) and a laser beam splitter (11) which are sequentially arranged; the lasers comprise a first laser (5) and a second laser (6); the emission directions of the detection light sources of the first laser and the second laser are mutually vertical;
the detection light source receiving assemblies are eight groups and respectively correspond to eight light outlets in the integrating sphere air chamber module one by one; each group of receiving assemblies comprises a Fourier lens arranged at the light outlet to converge laser beams and a photoelectric detector used for converting the converged laser beams into electric signals;
the gas circuit module comprises a sampling gas pump (34), a dryer (35), a three-way valve (36), a cyclone-bag dust collector (37), a dust flow meter (38) and a gas flow meter (39); the sampling air pump, the dryer and the inlets of the three-way valve are sequentially communicated through pipelines; one outlet of the three-way valve is sequentially communicated with the cyclone-bag dust collector and the gas flowmeter, and the other outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the dust flowmeter; the dust flowmeter and the gas flowmeter are communicated with four gas inlets on the measurement integrating sphere through pipelines;
the signal processing module comprises a pre-amplification circuit (28), a phase-locked amplification circuit (29), an A/D converter (30), a computer (31), a waveform generator (32), a coupler (3) and a laser controller (4) which are electrically connected in sequence; the preamplification circuit is electrically connected with the eight photoelectric detectors; the laser controller is electrically connected with the first laser.
2. The smoke concentration detection apparatus based on TDLAS technology and image analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first light inlet is positioned at the center of the left hemispherical spherical surface of the measuring integrating sphere; the four light outlets are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the horizontal section of the measuring integrating sphere passing through the center of the sphere.
3. The smoke concentration detection apparatus based on TDLAS technology and image analysis as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the first air inlet is positioned at the center of the upper hemispherical spherical surface of the measurement integrating sphere; the centers of the second air inlet, the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet are uniformly distributed on a horizontal section of the upper hemisphere of the measuring integrating sphere, which is 45 degrees away from the center of the sphere.
4. The TDLAS technology and image analysis based smoke concentration detection apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and polytetrafluoroethylene materials are uniformly coated on the inner wall of the measurement integrating sphere, the inner wall of the reference integrating sphere and the four baffles.
5. The TDLAS technology and image analysis based smoke concentration detection apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the first laser adopts a DFB laser; the second laser adopts a 532nm all-solid-state semiconductor green laser.
6. The TDLAS technology and image analysis based smoke concentration detection apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the spatial filter adopts a pinhole filter.
7. The TDLAS technology and image analysis based smoke concentration detection apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and broadband antireflection films are additionally arranged at the light inlet and the light outlet of the laser collimator.
8. The TDLAS technology and image analysis based smoke concentration detection apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the photoelectric detectors corresponding to the first light outlet, the third light outlet, the fifth light outlet and the seventh light outlet respectively adopt visible light detectors; and the photoelectric detectors corresponding to the second light outlet, the fourth light outlet, the sixth light outlet and the eighth light outlet respectively adopt near-infrared band detectors.
9. The smoke concentration detection apparatus based on TDLAS technology and image analysis as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the visible light detector is a CCD photoelectric detector; the near-infrared band detector is an indium gallium arsenic detector.
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