CN111044351A - DIC technology-based weld joint creep deformation prediction method - Google Patents
DIC technology-based weld joint creep deformation prediction method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111044351A CN111044351A CN201911292363.6A CN201911292363A CN111044351A CN 111044351 A CN111044351 A CN 111044351A CN 201911292363 A CN201911292363 A CN 201911292363A CN 111044351 A CN111044351 A CN 111044351A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- creep
- welding
- axial strain
- affected zone
- heat affected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
A welding joint creep deformation prediction method based on DIC technology comprises the following steps: s1, processing a welding joint sample; s2, applying a constant loading stress level to the sample, and measuring axial strain field data of the sample at a plurality of discrete moments by utilizing a DIC (digital computer) technology; s3, extracting creep axial strain values of the base metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone; s4, changing the loading stress level of the creep test, repeating the steps S2-S3, and acquiring a creep axial strain data pair; s5, constructing a material creep constitutive model, fitting the obtained creep axial strain data pair into the creep constitutive model, and respectively obtaining the optimal estimation of creep constitutive model parameters aiming at a parent metal, a welding seam and a welding heat affected zone; and S6, substituting the creep constitutive model parameters into the creep constitutive models respectively, and predicting creep deformation of the base material, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint under different stress levels. The method realizes the simultaneous characterization and prediction of creep deformation of different areas of the real welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-temperature mechanical behavior of materials, and particularly relates to a welding joint creep deformation prediction method based on DIC technology.
Background
The welded joint is widely applied to important industrial fields such as process industry, aerospace, nuclear power and the like, and is a weak link which generally influences the integrity of a high-temperature structure due to the nonuniformity of microstructure and mechanical property. For critical structural components operating at high temperatures, creep is one of the failure modes that must be of great concern during structural design and operation because of the slow deformation of the material during long service. As the welding joint comprises different areas such as a Base Metal (BM), a welding seam (WM), a welding Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and the like, the creep deformation of each area of the welding joint is accurately represented, and the method is very important for predicting the high-temperature creep behavior of the welding joint and even a welding structure. However, since the width of the weld heat affected zone is narrow and it is difficult to obtain a representative creep test sample from the weld joint, a thermal simulation method is often used to obtain a material with a similar structure to the weld heat affected zone, but the method has large experience and uncertainty, and the existence of constraint effect, it is difficult to represent the heat affected zone state of a real weld joint. Therefore, accurate prediction of high temperature creep deformation of a welded joint has been a difficult problem in the engineering community, such as the situation where the weld joint performance is expressed in the U.S. ASME BPVC specification by an empirical weld strength reduction factor. On the other hand, in recent years, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) has been used to measure the full field deformation of a welded joint, but since the high temperature creep deformation data of a welded joint obtained by this technique is non-uniform, a method for extracting creep deformation data of a base material, a weld bead, and a weld heat affected zone from complex and massive creep deformation measurement data of a welded joint is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to extract creep deformation data of a base material, a welding seam and a welding heat affected zone from complex and massive creep deformation measurement data of a welding joint, the invention provides a welding joint creep deformation prediction method based on DIC technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a welding joint creep deformation prediction method based on DIC technology comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a welding joint sample;
s2, carrying out a creep test on the sample, applying a constant loading stress level sigma to the sample, and simultaneously measuring axial strain field data of the sample at a plurality of discrete moments by utilizing a DIC (digital computer) technology;
s3, extracting creep axial strain values of the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone by using the creep axial strain field data obtained in the step S2 according to a partition extensometer method and an averaging theory;
s4, changing the loading stress level sigma of the creep test, repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining the specified loading stress level sigmak(k ═ 1,2,. and p) creep axial strain data pairs for the sample parent material, weld joint, and weld heat affected zone;
s5, constructing a material creep constitutive model, fitting the obtained creep axial strain data pair into the creep constitutive model, and respectively obtaining the best estimation of creep constitutive model parameters aiming at the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zoneAnd
S6、modeling parameters of creep constitutiveAndand respectively substituting the creep deformation parameters into the creep constitutive model to predict the creep deformation of the base metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint under different stress levels.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method, the deformation of the welding joint sample is measured at a plurality of discrete moments by using the DIC technology, and then the strain field at the discrete measurement moment is obtained according to an averaging method, so that the measurement noise generated by high-temperature heat flow disturbance is reduced. A welding non-uniform creep deformation characterization method based on a partition extensometer and an averaging theory is provided, creep deformation data of a base material, a welding line and a welding heat affected zone are extracted from complex and massive creep deformation measurement data of a welding joint, the creep deformation characterization problem of the welding heat affected zone is solved, and the creep deformation of different areas of a real welding joint is simultaneously characterized and predicted.
(2) In the invention, when a joint sample is welded, the aim of paint spraying and baking is to ensure the stability of the manufactured high-temperature speckles.
(3) According to the invention, M pictures are obtained at a certain frequency f at each measurement moment, so that the measurement noise generated by high-temperature heat flow disturbance can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the geometry of a weld joint specimen.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the zoned extensometer position.
FIG. 3 is creep axial strain data for a parent material, a weld, and a weld heat affected zone at a creep loading stress level of 420 MPa.
FIG. 4 is creep axial strain data for a parent material, a weld, and a weld heat affected zone at a creep loading stress level of 400 MPa.
FIG. 5 is a predicted creep deformation curve of a parent material, a weld, and a weld heat affected zone at a creep loading stress level of 420 MPa.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing creep deformation curves of a base material, a weld, and a weld heat affected zone predicted under a creep loading stress level of 400 MPa.
Detailed Description
A welding joint creep deformation prediction method based on DIC technology comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a welding joint sample; specifically, a layer of white high-temperature paint is sprayed on a sample as a primer, and then dispersed and randomly distributed black high-temperature paint is sprayed on the primer. In order to ensure the stability of the prepared high-temperature speckle, the sample is placed in a muffle furnace for baking, wherein the baking temperature is 230 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min. It should be noted that it is necessary to ensure that the welding heat affected zone is located at the center of the sample, and the weld and the base material are located at two sides of the welding heat affected zone respectively.
In this example, the material of the welded joint sample was low alloy ferritic steel 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V, the gauge length and width thereof were 25mm and 10mm, respectively, and the thickness of the sample was 2.5 mm. The schematic geometry of the sample is shown in FIG. 1.
S2, carrying out a creep test on the sample, applying a constant loading stress level sigma to the sample, and simultaneously measuring axial strain field data of the sample at a plurality of discrete moments by utilizing a DIC (digital computer) technology; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s21, acquiring M pictures at each measuring moment at a certain frequency f, and calculating to obtain a strain value at the measuring moment by an averaging method; wherein the test time is represented by t; the axial strain field of the weld joint specimen is represented by ε as a function of the planar coordinates (x, y) and time t, where x and y are the transverse and axial directions of the weld joint specimen, respectively; in this embodiment, the creep load stress level σ is 420MPa, 100 pictures are acquired at a frequency of 1Hz at each measurement time, and the strain value at the measurement time is calculated by an averaging method. From this the creep axial strain field of the welded joint sample is calculated.
S22, defining the moment when the loading stress is zero as the starting point of deformation measurement, wherein the initial axial strain of the sample at the moment is 0; continuously applying an external stressAt the moment of addition to a constant value σ, i.e. t-t0Defined as the starting point of creep deformation measurement, in which the axial strain of the specimen is the instantaneous strain quantity, i.e. epsilon ═ epsilon0(ii) a The deformation process of the welded joint specimen is then measured at a given time tj (j ═ 1,2, …, n), the corresponding specimen axial strain field being epsilonjI.e. creep axial strain field data epsilon of the welded joint specimenc(tc) The calculation is as follows:
s3, extracting creep axial strain values of the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone by using the creep axial strain field data obtained in the step S2 according to a partition extensometer method and an averaging theory; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s31, setting a region, outside the welding heat affected zone width which is 2 times of the interface of the welding heat affected zone, of the base material and the welding seam as a far region, and extracting creep data of the base material and the welding seam of the far region; a schematic view of a zoned extensometer as shown in figure 2. Extracting creep data of the base metal and the welding line;
for the parent material region far away from the region, 5 parallel extensometers with equal length are selected at equal intervals along the x directionObtaining the creep axial strain value of the ith extensometer according to the creep axial strain field data of the step S2
For the welding seam area far away from the area, 5 parallel extensometers with equal length are selected at equal intervals along the x directionThus obtaining the creep axial strain value of the ith extensometer
For the welding heat affected zone, 5 parallel extensometers with equal length are selected at equal intervals along the x directionThus obtaining the creep axial strain value of the ith extensometer
S32, calculating creep axial strain values of the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone, namely:
s33, at each measuring time tcRepeating the steps S31 and S32, and respectively extracting creep axial strain data pairs of the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone, namelyAnd
thus, the creep axial strain data of the base material, the weld bead and the weld heat affected zone thus obtained under the condition that the creep loading stress level σ is 420MPa are shown in fig. 3.
S4, changing the loading stress level sigma of the creep test, repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining the specified loading stress level sigmak( k 1, 2.... p.) creep axial strain data pairs for the sample parent material, weld seam, and weld heat affected zone, i.e.Andin this example, the creep axial strain data pair shown in fig. 4 was obtained by changing the loading stress level σ of the creep test to 400 MPa.
S5, constructing a material creep constitutive model, which is as follows:
εc=f(p,σ,t) (10)
wherein p is a vector formed by a group of creep constitutive model parameters. Using least square method, the obtained loading stress level sigmakCreep axial strain data pairs for weld joint sample parent metal, weld and weld heat affected zone under (k ═ 1,2,.. multidot.p)Andfitting the parameters into the creep constitutive model to obtain optimal estimation of creep constitutive model parameters of parent metal, welding seam and welding heat affected zone And
in this example, the material creep constitutive model is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,for creep strain rate, H is the state variable describing the strain hardening behaviour in stage I of creep, A, B, H, H*Creep constitutive model parameters. Based on the experimental data given in FIG. 4, the best estimate of the creep constitutive model parameters of the parent metal, weld and weld heat affected zone can be obtained by combining equation (10)Andfor parent material, creep constitutive model parametersComprises the following steps: a 9.0137 × 10-21h-1、B=0.1039MPa-1、h=3.4078×104MPa-1、H*0.1505; for weld, creep constitutive model parametersComprises the following steps: a 9.9189 × 10-24h-1、B=0.1178MPa-1、h=3.2575×104MPa-1、H*0.1438; creep constitutive model parameters for weld heat affected zoneComprises the following steps: a 8.0985 × 10-20h-1、B=0.1208MPa-1、h=6.0897×104MPa-1、H*=0.2699。
S6, creep constitutive model parametersAndand respectively substituting the creep deformation parameters into the creep constitutive model to predict the creep deformation of the base metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint under different stress levels. In this embodiment, theAndby substituting the values into the equation (10), creep deformation curves of the base material, the weld bead and the weld heat affected zone under the conditions of the creep load stress levels of 420MPa and 400MPa can be predicted, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the specific embodiments shown and described, but is to be understood to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A welding joint creep deformation prediction method based on DIC technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, processing a welding joint sample;
s2, carrying out a creep test on the sample, applying a constant loading stress level sigma to the sample, and simultaneously measuring axial strain field data of the sample at a plurality of discrete moments by utilizing a DIC (digital computer) technology;
s3, extracting creep axial strain values of the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone by using the creep axial strain field data obtained in the step S2 according to a partition extensometer method and an averaging theory;
s4, changing the loading stress level sigma of the creep test, repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining the specified loading stress level sigmak(k ═ 1,2,. and p) creep axial strain data pairs for the sample parent material, weld joint, and weld heat affected zone;
s5, constructing a material creep constitutive model, fitting the obtained creep axial strain data pair into the creep constitutive model, and respectively obtaining the best estimation of creep constitutive model parameters aiming at the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zoneAnd
2. The method for predicting creep deformation of a welded joint according to DIC technique as described in claim 1, wherein the welding heat affected zone is located at the center of the sample during welding and the base material are located at both sides of the welding heat affected zone in step S1.
3. The DIC based creep deformation predicting method of claim 2, wherein in step S1, a layer of white high temperature paint is sprayed on the sample as primer, and then a layer of dispersed and randomly distributed black high temperature paint is sprayed on the primer; the samples were then baked at the set temperature for the set time.
4. The prediction method of creep deformation of welded joint based on DIC technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is specifically as follows:
s21, acquiring M pictures at each measuring moment at a certain frequency f, and calculating to obtain a strain value at the measuring moment by an averaging method; wherein the test time is represented by t; the axial strain field of the weld joint specimen is represented by ε as a function of the planar coordinates (x, y) and time t, where x and y are the transverse and axial directions of the weld joint specimen, respectively;
s22, defining the moment when the loading stress is zero as the starting point of deformation measurement, wherein the initial axial strain of the sample at the moment is 0; at the moment when the applied stress is continuously applied to a constant value σ, i.e. t-t0Defined as the starting point of the creep deformation measurementAt this time, the axial strain of the sample is the instantaneous strain quantity, i.e. epsilon ═ epsilon0(ii) a The deformation process of the welded joint specimen is then measured at a given time tj (j ═ 1,2, …, n), the corresponding specimen axial strain field being epsilonjI.e. creep axial strain field data epsilon of the welded joint specimenc(tc) The calculation is as follows:
5. the prediction method of creep deformation of welded joint based on DIC technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S3 is as follows:
s31, setting a region, outside the welding heat affected zone width which is 2 times of the interface of the welding heat affected zone, of the base material and the welding seam as a far region, and extracting creep data of the base material and the welding seam of the far region; extracting creep data of the base metal and the welding line;
selecting N at equal intervals along the x direction for the parent material region far away from the regionBMExtensometer with parallel strips and equal lengthObtaining the creep axial strain value of the ith extensometer according to the creep axial strain field data of the step S2
For the welding seam area far away from the area, selecting N at equal intervals along the x directionWMExtensometer with parallel strips and equal lengthThus obtaining the creep axial strain value of the ith extensometer
For the welding heat affected zone, N is selected at equal intervals along the x directionHAZExtensometer with parallel strips and equal lengthThus obtaining the creep axial strain value of the ith extensometer
S32, calculating creep axial strain values of the parent metal, the welding seam and the welding heat affected zone, namely:
6. the DIC based creep deformation prediction method of claim 1, wherein the material creep constitutive model of step S5 is as follows:
εc=f(p,σ,t) (5)
wherein p is a vector formed by a group of creep constitutive model parameters; using least square method, the obtained loading stress level sigmakWelding under (k ═ 1, 2.., p)Creep axial strain data pairs of joint sample parent metal, welding seam and welding heat affected zoneAndfitting the parameters into the creep constitutive model to obtain optimal estimation of creep constitutive model parameters of parent metal, welding seam and welding heat affected zone And
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911292363.6A CN111044351B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | DIC technology-based weld joint creep deformation prediction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911292363.6A CN111044351B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | DIC technology-based weld joint creep deformation prediction method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111044351A true CN111044351A (en) | 2020-04-21 |
CN111044351B CN111044351B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
Family
ID=70236523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911292363.6A Active CN111044351B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | DIC technology-based weld joint creep deformation prediction method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111044351B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111948002A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-17 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Experimental method for weld characteristic region deformation damage evolution law |
CN112098243A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-18 | 江苏师范大学 | Method for testing and improving creep property of 409L stainless steel welding joint |
CN113466040A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-01 | 台山核电合营有限公司 | Method for acquiring local uniaxial stress-strain relation of joint |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012003027A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-05 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method and system for modeling fractures in ductile rock |
CN102819633A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-12-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for establishing constitutive relation between welding thermal cycle temperature and thermal deformation history material and senior nonlinear finite element analysis software (MSC. MARC) secondary development |
CN103942387A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-23 | 四川大学 | New method for building rock creep constitutive model on basis of variable fractional derivative |
CN107871029A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-03 | 首都航天机械公司 | Predict the Finite Element Method of ageing strengthening Aluminum Alloy TIG Welding joint breaking process |
CN108009311A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-05-08 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | A kind of creep Parameters of constitutive model recognition methods for creep test |
CN110188451A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-30 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of analysis method of the residual stress of polyvinyl piping materials welding point |
-
2019
- 2019-12-16 CN CN201911292363.6A patent/CN111044351B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012003027A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-05 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method and system for modeling fractures in ductile rock |
CN102819633A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-12-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for establishing constitutive relation between welding thermal cycle temperature and thermal deformation history material and senior nonlinear finite element analysis software (MSC. MARC) secondary development |
CN103942387A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-23 | 四川大学 | New method for building rock creep constitutive model on basis of variable fractional derivative |
CN107871029A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-03 | 首都航天机械公司 | Predict the Finite Element Method of ageing strengthening Aluminum Alloy TIG Welding joint breaking process |
CN108009311A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-05-08 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | A kind of creep Parameters of constitutive model recognition methods for creep test |
CN110188451A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-30 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of analysis method of the residual stress of polyvinyl piping materials welding point |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111948002A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-17 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Experimental method for weld characteristic region deformation damage evolution law |
CN111948002B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2023-04-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Weld joint characteristic region deformation damage evolution rule experimental method |
CN112098243A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-18 | 江苏师范大学 | Method for testing and improving creep property of 409L stainless steel welding joint |
CN113466040A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-01 | 台山核电合营有限公司 | Method for acquiring local uniaxial stress-strain relation of joint |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111044351B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN111044351B (en) | DIC technology-based weld joint creep deformation prediction method | |
Deng et al. | FEM prediction of welding residual stresses in a SUS304 girth-welded pipe with emphasis on stress distribution near weld start/end location | |
Algarni et al. | A study of Inconel 718 dependency on stress triaxiality and Lode angle in plastic deformation and ductile fracture | |
Qian et al. | Experimental and numerical investigations into the ductile fracture during the forming of flat-rolled 5083-O aluminum alloy sheet | |
Lu et al. | A new fatigue life model for thermally-induced cracking in H13 steel dies for die casting | |
Boljanović et al. | Fatigue crack growth modeling of attachment lugs | |
CN111783243A (en) | Metal structure fatigue crack propagation life prediction method based on filtering algorithm | |
Kandare et al. | Creep-based life prediction modelling of aluminium in fire | |
Wang et al. | A modified model to depict corrosion fatigue crack growth behavior for evaluating residual lives of aluminum alloys | |
Gorash et al. | On creep-fatigue endurance of TIG-dressed weldments using the linear matching method | |
Cai et al. | Fracture behavior of high-strength steels at elevated temperatures | |
CN111537368A (en) | Variable-amplitude multistage loading fatigue life prediction method suitable for friction stir welding head | |
CN114295491B (en) | Prediction method for creep damage and deformation evolution behavior along with time | |
Kakavand et al. | An investigation on the crack growth in aluminum alloy 7075-T6 under cyclic mechanical and thermal loads | |
Madi et al. | Low cycle fatigue of welded joints: new experimental approach | |
Zheng et al. | A novel fatigue assessment approach by Direct Steady Cycle Analysis (DSCA) considering the temperature-dependent strain hardening effect | |
Liu et al. | Thermal fatigue life prediction method for die casting mold steel based on the cooling cycle | |
Casavola et al. | Discussion on local approaches for the fatigue design of welded joints | |
Liu et al. | Distribution and relaxation of welding residual stress in U-rib-to-deck joints considering actual material properties | |
Hand et al. | Temperature changes during hot plane strain compression testing | |
Jafari et al. | Comparison of ductile fracture models on load bearing capacity of a dented aluminum pipe subjected to internal pressure | |
Borodii et al. | Life assessment for metallic materials with the use of the strain criterion for low-cycle fatigue | |
Qiao et al. | Evaluation method of tensile behavior of corroded reinforcing bars considering radius loss | |
Li et al. | Bending capacity of single and double-sided welded I-section girders: Part 2: Simplified welding simulation and buckling analysis | |
Mirone | Elastoplastic characterization and damage predictions under evolving local triaxiality: axysimmetric and thick plate specimens |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |