CN111042880B - Wide-load efficient turbine unit with high-pressure cylinders coaxially distributed in separate cylinders - Google Patents

Wide-load efficient turbine unit with high-pressure cylinders coaxially distributed in separate cylinders Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111042880B
CN111042880B CN201811189661.8A CN201811189661A CN111042880B CN 111042880 B CN111042880 B CN 111042880B CN 201811189661 A CN201811189661 A CN 201811189661A CN 111042880 B CN111042880 B CN 111042880B
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pressure
cut
pressure cylinders
load
cylinder
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CN111042880A (en
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祝建飞
姚峻
艾春美
王健
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Shanghai Minghua Power Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Minghua Power Technology Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wide-load high-efficiency turbine unit with high-pressure cylinders arranged coaxially in a split mode, which is respectively connected with a boiler, a heater and a condenser, wherein the turbine unit comprises a high-pressure cylinder, a medium-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder which are sequentially connected, the high-pressure cylinder is respectively connected with a main steam pipeline of the boiler, a cold reheat steam pipeline of the boiler and the heater, and the high-pressure cylinder is divided into two high-pressure cylinders which are cut off and reserved and are coaxially arranged; when the load is higher than a set threshold, the two high-pressure cylinders simultaneously feed steam to work, and when the load is lower than the set threshold, the cut-off high-pressure cylinders are cut off, but the cut-off high-pressure cylinders still maintain the rated rotating speed. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of greatly improving the running economy of the generator set under low load, further promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, and the like.

Description

Wide-load efficient turbine unit with high-pressure cylinders coaxially distributed in separate cylinders
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermal power generation, in particular to a wide-load high-efficiency turbine unit with high-pressure cylinders coaxially distributed.
Background
The steam distribution modes of the steam turbine unit of the thermal power plant mainly fall into two main categories: the full-cycle steam inlet throttling adjustment and the partial steam inlet nozzle adjustment are adopted, and the high-pressure cylinder efficiency is relatively high because the full-cycle steam inlet unit does not have an adjusting stage, so that the method is adopted in a newly built super (super) critical unit. For the machine set, the full-open sliding pressure operation of the high-pressure regulating valve is most economical, but at the middle and low load positions, the main steam pressure is more reduced after the sliding pressure operation, and the machine set often operates in a subcritical region, so that the due characteristics of cleanness and high efficiency of the supercritical machine set are not fully exerted. The high-pressure regulating valve is closed, and the main steam pressure can be increased, but the main steam pressure is not lost due to the reasons such as the increase of the throttle loss of the regulating valve. The primary parameter of main steam pressure is reduced under medium and low load, so that the circulation efficiency is obviously reduced, and the power supply coal consumption rate is increased more.
On the other hand, because of the structural characteristics of energy sources in China, the thermal power generating unit is used as a basic power generation mode for a long time, participates in power grid peak shaving or deep peak shaving, and often operates at middle and low loads. Especially, under the background that new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like are accessed in a large quantity and the ultra-high voltage power grid is fed by western electric power in a large scale, higher requirements are provided for thermal power flexibility control and peak shaving operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the wide-load high-efficiency turbine unit with the coaxial split-cylinder arrangement of the high-pressure cylinders.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the high-pressure cylinder is connected with a main steam pipeline of the boiler, a cold reheat steam pipeline of the boiler and the heater respectively, and is divided into two high-pressure cylinders which are cut off and reserved and are coaxially arranged respectively;
when the load is higher than a set threshold, the two high-pressure cylinders simultaneously feed steam to work, and when the load is lower than the set threshold, the cut-off high-pressure cylinders are cut off, but the cut-off high-pressure cylinders still maintain the rated rotating speed.
Preferably, the main steam pipeline of the boiler is connected with the cut-off high-pressure cylinder and the reserved high-pressure cylinder through respective valves, when the load is higher than a set threshold value, main steam respectively enters the two high-pressure cylinders to do work simultaneously, and the exhaust steam is collected and then enters the boiler for reheating.
Preferably, the cutting high pressure cylinder and the retaining high pressure cylinder are coaxially arranged in opposite directions for balancing the axial thrust.
Preferably, the cutting high-pressure cylinder and the retaining high-pressure cylinder are provided with a path of steam extraction, and the collected steam enters the heater.
Preferably, a hot reheat steam pipeline is added to the boiler, and the hot reheat steam pipeline is connected with the cut-off high-pressure cylinder and used for heating the cut-off high-pressure cylinder so as to facilitate quick recovery.
Preferably, the cutting high-pressure cylinder is connected with the condenser through a high-exhaust ventilation valve and is used for exhausting steam and blast friction heat in the cutting high-pressure cylinder to the condenser through vacuum suction.
Preferably, the cut-off high-pressure cylinder maintains a rated rotation speed of 3000rpm, a high-row ventilation valve is opened to take away blast friction heating, and in addition, a proper amount of heat is introduced according to the change condition of the cylinder temperature to heat by steam again so as to maintain a certain cylinder temperature, thereby facilitating rapid steam inlet and loading.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the high-pressure cylinders are arranged in a split mode, one high-pressure cylinder is cut off under medium and low load, and the main steam pressure is improved on the premise that the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder is not sacrificed, so that the running economy of the generator set is greatly improved, and energy conservation and emission reduction are further promoted;
2. through the coaxial arrangement of the high-pressure cylinders, the extreme heat state rated rotation speed is maintained after the high-pressure cylinders are cut off, the steam inlet can be fast, the work can be recovered, and the peak regulation, load change and flexibility control are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic thermodynamic system diagram of a wide load high efficiency steam turbine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of hypothetical heat rate versus load following a split cylinder arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein 1 is cutting high pressure cylinder, 2 is reserving high pressure cylinder, 3 is medium pressure cylinder, 4 is low pressure cylinder, 5 is boiler, 51 is main steam pipeline, 52 is hot reheat steam pipeline, 53 is cold reheat steam pipeline, 6 is high pressure heater, 7 is condenser, 8 is feed pump, 9 is high-row ventilation valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
For the full-cycle inlet throttle regulating turbine unit, the full-open sliding pressure operation of the high-pressure regulating gate is most economical, but the circulation efficiency is reduced due to the fact that the main steam pressure is greatly reduced under medium and low loads, and the factor is the main reason that the economy of the thermal power unit is poor under the medium and low loads. If the high-pressure regulating valve is simply closed down, the main steam pressure can be increased, but the throttle loss of the regulating valve is increased, the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder is reduced, and the high-pressure regulating valve is rather suitable for the opposite. If a method can be found, the main steam pressure can be improved on the premise of not reducing the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder, and the operation economy under medium and low loads can be greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 1, a high-pressure cylinder coaxial split-cylinder arranged wide-load high-efficiency turbine set is respectively connected with a boiler 5, a high-pressure heater 6 and a condenser 7, the turbine set comprises a high-pressure cylinder, a medium-pressure cylinder 3 and a low-pressure cylinder 4 which are sequentially connected, the high-pressure cylinder is respectively connected with a main steam pipeline 51 of the boiler 5, a cold reheat steam pipeline 53 of the boiler and the high-pressure heater 6, the high-pressure cylinder is divided into two, namely a cut-off high-pressure cylinder 1 and a reserved high-pressure cylinder 2 which are coaxially arranged, and the 2 high-pressure cylinders enter into a high-load area simultaneously, and 1 of the cut-off high-pressure cylinders is cut off under medium-low load so as to reduce the overall flow capacity of the high-pressure cylinders, thus the main steam pressure can be greatly improved, and the high-pressure cylinders which continue to operate simultaneously can also have higher cylinder efficiency, thereby becoming a novel wide-load high-efficiency power generation turbine set;
one path of the hot reheat steam pipeline 52 is newly added and connected with the cut-off high-pressure cylinder 1, and is used for heating the cut-off high-pressure cylinder so as to be convenient for quick recovery. The cutting high-pressure cylinder 1 is connected with a condenser through a high-pressure vent valve 9 and is used for discharging steam and blast friction heat in the cutting high-pressure cylinder to the condenser 7 through vacuum suction.
The high pressure cylinder in fig. 1 is divided into two parts, which are coaxially arranged in opposite directions to balance the axial thrust. And under high load, the main steam respectively enters two high-pressure cylinders to do work simultaneously, and the exhaust steam is collected and then enters a boiler for reheating. And 2 high-pressure cylinders are all provided with one path of steam extraction, and enter a high-pressure heater after being summarized.
After the arrangement scheme is adopted, the steam inlet mode of the high-pressure cylinder is changed, so that the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder and the pressure of main steam are changed, and the cycle efficiency can be improved simultaneously from the two aspects of the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder and the primary parameter. This solution has little effect on medium pressure cylinders and low pressure cylinders and little effect on boiler efficiency. Under medium and low load, the main steam pressure will raise the power consumption of the water feeding pump to increase the steam consumption of the small engine, and this results in greatly improved circulation efficiency.
Considering the peak regulation requirement of the unit, the high-pressure cylinders can be thrown and cut off for a plurality of times in one day, the two high-pressure cylinders are coaxially arranged to avoid frequent flushing, the high-pressure cylinders after cutting off still maintain the rated rotation speed of 3000rpm, at the moment, the high-row ventilation valve is required to be opened to take away blast friction heating, and in addition, a proper amount of heat is introduced according to the change condition of the cylinder temperature to heat the steam again so as to maintain a certain cylinder temperature, thereby being convenient for quick steam inlet and load.
After the design of the high-pressure cylinders is adopted, the blades of the two high-pressure cylinders are shortened, the end loss is increased, the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinders can be possibly influenced, and the efficiency value can be as close as possible to that of the single high-pressure cylinder through the optimal design.
The scheme of the high-pressure cylinder division arrangement is also completely suitable for super (super) critical secondary reheating units, the super-pressure cylinders are divided into 2 at the moment, and other changes are similar.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Taking an ultra (super) critical 1000MW once reheating unit as an example, a steam turbine adopts a throttling steam distribution mode, a high-pressure regulating valve is operated in a full-open sliding pressure mode, and the main steam pressure is lower under medium and low loads, so that the economy of the unit is affected. The high-pressure cylinders are arranged in a split mode, the high-pressure cylinders of the original 1000MW unit are divided into 2 high-pressure cylinders corresponding to the original 660MW unit and the original 350MW unit respectively in consideration of the requirements of the high-pressure cylinder building blocks on the arrangement series and the peak load regulation of the unit, and the work-applying and flow-through capacities of the 2 high-pressure cylinders are basically set according to the relation of 2:1. In this way, a mode that 2 high-pressure cylinders enter steam simultaneously is adopted above 660MW load, small high-pressure cylinders are cut off below 660MW load, and only 1 large high-pressure cylinder is reserved for operation, so that the main steam pressure is improved on the premise that the high-pressure cylinder efficiency is not reduced, and the circulation efficiency is improved. In this way, the typical change curve of the heat rate of the turbine is as follows
The "fictive heat rate" is shown in fig. 2. According to preliminary analysis, the heat consumption rate is reduced by about 3.8% at 50% load, so that the power supply coal consumption rate of the unit is reduced by about 10g/kW.h, and the energy-saving effect is very remarkable.
After the high-pressure cylinder adopts a coaxial cylinder-dividing arrangement mode, the load-carrying and peak-shaving operation process is as follows:
1. the unit adopts a high-medium pressure cylinder combined starting mode to realize the running of the impact rotation and the on-load operation until the rated load is reached;
2. after the unit has peak regulation capability, two high-pressure cylinders are kept to run simultaneously in a region above 660MW load;
3. when the load is lower than 660MW and the load is in a low load area for a long time, starting cutting operation, slowly closing an inlet valve of the small high-pressure cylinder, and gradually realizing transfer of the inlet steam quantity of the high-pressure cylinder until the small high-pressure cylinder is completely cut off;
4. after the small high-pressure cylinder is cut off, maintaining the rated rotation speed, and opening a high-row ventilation valve to take away the blast friction heat;
5. when the small high-pressure cylinder runs in the region below 660MW load, the small high-pressure cylinder is always in a cutting state, and a proper amount of reheat steam is introduced to heat the small high-pressure cylinder according to the cylinder temperature change condition so as to maintain the proper temperature of the cutting high-pressure cylinder, thereby facilitating rapid steam inlet with load;
6. when the load is ready to rise to be more than 660MW, gradually opening a steam inlet valve of the small high-pressure cylinder to enable the small high-pressure cylinder to enter a working state again, and then synchronously participating in load changing regulation;
by such a split-cylinder design and operation control, economical operation of the turbine unit can be achieved in a wide load region.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. The high-pressure cylinder is connected with a main steam pipeline of the boiler, a cold reheat steam pipeline of the boiler and the heater respectively, and is characterized in that the high-pressure cylinder is divided into two cut high-pressure cylinders and reserved high-pressure cylinders which are coaxially arranged respectively;
when the load is higher than a set threshold, the two high-pressure cylinders simultaneously feed steam to work, and when the load is lower than the set threshold, the cut-off high-pressure cylinders are cut off, but the cut-off high-pressure cylinders still maintain the rated rotating speed.
2. The wide-load turbine unit with the coaxial split-cylinder arrangement of the high-pressure cylinders according to claim 1, wherein main steam pipelines of the boiler are respectively connected with the cut-off high-pressure cylinders and the reserved high-pressure cylinders through respective valves, when the load is higher than a set threshold value, main steam respectively enters the two high-pressure cylinders to do work simultaneously, and exhaust steam is collected and then enters the boiler for reheating.
3. A high pressure cylinder coaxial split cylinder arrangement wide load turbine assembly according to claim 1, wherein said cut-out and reserve high pressure cylinders are arranged coaxially in opposition for balancing axial thrust.
4. The wide-load turbine unit with the high-pressure cylinders coaxially arranged in a split mode according to claim 1, wherein the cut-off high-pressure cylinders and the reserved high-pressure cylinders are all provided with one path of steam extraction, and the steam extraction enters a heater after being summarized.
5. The wide load turbine unit with the coaxial split-cylinder arrangement of the high pressure cylinders according to claim 1, wherein a hot reheat steam pipeline is added to the boiler and is connected with the cut high pressure cylinders for heating the cut high pressure cylinders so as to facilitate quick recovery.
6. The wide-load turbine unit with the coaxial split-cylinder arrangement of the high-pressure cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the cut-off high-pressure cylinder is connected with the condenser through a high-row ventilation valve and is used for discharging steam and blast friction heat in the cut-off high-pressure cylinder to the condenser through vacuum suction.
7. The wide load turbine set with the high pressure cylinder coaxially arranged in a split mode according to claim 6, wherein the cut high pressure cylinder maintains a rated rotation speed of 3000rpm after cutting, a high-row ventilation valve is opened to take away blast friction heat, and a proper amount of heat is introduced according to the change condition of the cylinder temperature to heat the steam again so as to maintain a certain cylinder temperature, thereby facilitating rapid steam intake and loading.
CN201811189661.8A 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 Wide-load efficient turbine unit with high-pressure cylinders coaxially distributed in separate cylinders Active CN111042880B (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1268753A1 (en) * 1985-06-17 1986-11-07 Воронежский Политехнический Институт Thermal power plant
CN105673101A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-06-15 山西漳泽电力股份有限公司电力技术研究中心 Turbine with deep peak regulation function and thermodynamic system
CN107246286A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-10-13 上海汽轮机厂有限公司 A kind of single reheat steam turbine of parallel high voltage cylinder
CN107339128A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-11-10 上海汽轮机厂有限公司 A kind of Double reheat steam turbine of ultra-high pressure cylinder in parallel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1268753A1 (en) * 1985-06-17 1986-11-07 Воронежский Политехнический Институт Thermal power plant
CN105673101A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-06-15 山西漳泽电力股份有限公司电力技术研究中心 Turbine with deep peak regulation function and thermodynamic system
CN107246286A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-10-13 上海汽轮机厂有限公司 A kind of single reheat steam turbine of parallel high voltage cylinder
CN107339128A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-11-10 上海汽轮机厂有限公司 A kind of Double reheat steam turbine of ultra-high pressure cylinder in parallel

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