CN111041541B - High-performance nickel-based wear-resistant alloy - Google Patents
High-performance nickel-based wear-resistant alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111041541B CN111041541B CN201911401025.1A CN201911401025A CN111041541B CN 111041541 B CN111041541 B CN 111041541B CN 201911401025 A CN201911401025 A CN 201911401025A CN 111041541 B CN111041541 B CN 111041541B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
Abstract
Disclosed is a nickel-based wear-resistant alloy obtained by electrodeposition from a composite plating solution in which a suspension of dispersed particles selected from ZrO and a base plating solution are mixed2And La2O3A mixture of nanoparticles. The nickel content is 70.0-76.0 wt% based on the weight of the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy; the tungsten content is 18.0-22.0 wt%; the phosphorus content is 3.0-5.0 wt%; ZrO (ZrO)2The content is 2.0-4.0 wt%; la2O3The content is 1.0-2.0 wt%. The friction coefficient and the wear rate of the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy are lower than those of the same kind of nickel-based alloy in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal and alloy, relates to a high-performance nickel-based alloy, and particularly relates to a high-performance nickel-based wear-resistant alloy.
Background
Among various mechanical devices, instruments and many key parts, metallic materials are widely used and need to work under high temperature, high speed and corrosive conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the corrosion resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance of metal materials so that they can be stably operated for a long period of time. Among them, the wear resistance is an especially important index.
Although many alloys can meet the above requirements, the production cost is high and the preparation process is complicated, so that the materials have great limitations when applied to the manufacture of equipment or parts. Since the wear of the material starts from the surface, in most cases, the requirement of the material performance can be met only by covering the surface layer with the wear-resistant material without preparing the equipment or parts by the whole wear-resistant material.
Among the materials, the nickel-based alloy can remarkably improve the hardness, toughness and strength as well as corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the alloy by introducing tungsten and phosphorus elements; however, the nickel-based alloy still has the technical defects of coarse plating grains, rough surface, gray and dull plating layer, poor plating solution dispersion capability and the like.
To further solve the above problems, Zhang Zheyu et al added rare earth oxide powder to an electrodeposition nickel-based alloy plating solution to prepare a nickel-based alloy having fine grains. Compared with a sample without adding rare earth oxide powder, the nickel-based alloy has the advantages that the structure is more uniform and compact, and the wear rate is lower; however, the sliding friction coefficient of such nickel-based alloys is still high.
Therefore, there is a strong need to find a high performance nickel-based wear-resistant alloy having both a low coefficient of friction and a low wear rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance nickel-based wear-resistant alloy with low friction coefficient and low wear rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy is obtained by electrodeposition of a composite electroplating solution formed by mixing a dispersion particle suspension and a base electroplating solution, and is characterized in that the dispersion particles are selected from ZrO2And La2O3A mixture of nanoparticles.
The nickel-base wear-resistant alloy according to the present invention, wherein ZrO2Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles8040-80 nm; la2O3Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles80Is 120-280 nm.
In a specific embodiment, ZrO2Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles80Is 58 m; la2O3Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles80Is 206 nm.
The nickel-base wear-resistant alloy according to the present invention, wherein ZrO2And La2O3The weight ratio of the nano particles is (2-3) to 1.
In a specific embodiment, ZrO2And La2O3The weight ratio of nanoparticles was 2.5: 1.
The nickel-base wear-resistant alloy according to the invention, wherein the dispersed particle suspension further comprises polyacrylic acid (PAA) having a number average molecular weight Mn of 6000-8000.
In a specific embodiment, the polyacrylic acid (PAA) has a number average molecular weight Mn of 7200.
The nickel-based wear-resistant alloy provided by the invention has the advantages that the amount of dispersed particles is 12-16g/L based on the volume of the composite electroplating solution; the dosage of polyacrylic acid is 0.1-0.3 g/L.
In a specific embodiment, the amount of dispersed particles is 14g/L based on the volume of the composite plating solution; the dosage of polyacrylic acid is 0.2 g/L.
The nickel-base wear-resistant alloy according to the present invention, wherein the base plating solution includes a nickel source, a tungsten source, and a phosphorus source; based on the volume of the composite electroplating solution, the dosage of the three is 80-90g/L, 65-75g/L and 8-16g/L respectively.
In a specific embodiment, the base plating solution comprises a nickel source, a tungsten source, and a phosphorous source; the three are respectively 85/L, 70g/L and 12g/L based on the volume of the composite electroplating solution.
The nickel-based wear-resistant alloy according to the present invention, wherein the base plating solution further comprises citrate and boric acid.
In one embodiment, the amount of the composite plating solution is 75g/L and 35g/L, respectively, based on the volume of the composite plating solution.
The nickel-based wear-resistant alloy is characterized in that the dispersed particle suspension is obtained by a ball milling method; the technological parameters are as follows: the ball material ratio (4-6) is 1; the solid content is 12-18%; the rotating speed is 600 and 800 rpm; the ball milling time is 60-120 min.
In one specific embodiment, the process parameters are: the ball material ratio is 5: 1; the solid content is 16 percent; the rotating speed is 700 rpm; the ball milling time is 90 min.
The nickel-based wear-resistant alloy provided by the invention has the following electrodeposition process parameters: the current density is 12-16A/dm2(ii) a The temperature is 50-60 ℃; the initial pH value is 5.5-6.5; the deposition time is 45-75 min.
In one specific embodiment, the electrodeposition process parameters are: the current density is 14A/dm2(ii) a The temperature is 55 ℃; the initial pH was 6.0; the deposition time was 60 min.
According to the nickel-base wear-resistant alloy of the present invention,wherein the nickel content is 70.0-76.0 wt% based on the weight of the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy; the tungsten content is 18.0-22.0 wt%; the phosphorus content is 3.0-5.0 wt%; ZrO (ZrO)2The content is 2.0-4.0 wt%; la2O3The content is 1.0-2.0 wt%.
In a specific embodiment, the nickel content is 72.8 wt% based on the weight of the nickel-based wear resistant alloy; the tungsten content was 20.1 wt%; the phosphorus content was 3.5 wt%; ZrO (ZrO)2The content is 2.5 wt%; la2O3The content was 1.1 wt%.
The nickel-based wear-resistant alloy has the beneficial technical effects that the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy are lower than those of the same kind of nickel-based alloy in the prior art.
The results of the comparative tests are combined to fully show that the dispersion particles and the polyacrylic acid have a synergistic effect, and the friction coefficient and the wear rate are balanced and optimized together.
Detailed Description
It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include both one and more than one (i.e., two, including two) unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges in this disclosure are approximate and thus may include values outside of the stated ranges. The numerical ranges may be stated herein as from "about" one particular value, and/or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the numerical ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
Reference in the specification and concluding claims to parts by weight of a particular element or component in a composition or article refers to the weight relationship between that element or component and any other elements or components in the composition or article, expressed as parts by weight.
Unless specifically indicated to the contrary, or implied by the context or customary practice in the art, all parts and percentages referred to herein are by weight and the weight percentages of a component are based on the total weight of the composition or product in which it is included.
References to "comprising," "including," "having," and similar terms in this specification are not intended to exclude the presence of any optional components, steps or procedures, whether or not any optional components, steps or procedures are specifically disclosed. In order to avoid any doubt, all methods claimed through use of the term "comprising" may include one or more additional steps, apparatus parts or components and/or materials unless stated to the contrary. In contrast, the term "consisting of … …" excludes any component, step, or procedure not specifically recited or recited. Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" refers to the listed members individually as well as in any combination.
Furthermore, the contents of any referenced patent or non-patent document in this application are incorporated by reference in their entirety, especially with respect to definitions disclosed in the art (where not inconsistent with any definitions specifically provided herein) and general knowledge.
In the present invention, parts are parts by weight unless otherwise indicated, temperatures are indicated in ° c or at ambient temperature, and pressures are at or near atmospheric. There are many variations and combinations of reaction conditions (e.g., component concentrations, desired solvents, solvent mixtures, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction ranges) and conditions that can be used to optimize the purity and yield of the product obtained by the process. Only reasonable routine experimentation will be required to optimize such process conditions.
Example 1
A high-purity electrolytic nickel plate is used as an anode, and a 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel sheet is used as a cathode. First, a composite plating solution is prepared by mixing a dispersion particle suspension and a base plating solution. Wherein the dispersed particles are selected from ZrO2And La2O3A mixture of nanoparticles. ZrO (ZrO)2Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles80Is 58 nm; la2O3Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles80Is 206 nm. ZrO (ZrO)2And La2O3The weight ratio of nanoparticles was 2.5: 1. The dispersed particle suspension further comprises polyacrylic acid (PAA) having a number average molecular weight Mn of 7200. Based on the volume of the composite electroplating solution, the dosage of dispersed particles is 14 g/L; the dosage of polyacrylic acid is 0.2 g/L. The dispersion particle suspension is obtained by a ball milling method; the technological parameters are as follows: the ball material ratio is 5: 1; the solid content is 16 percent; the rotating speed is 700 rpm; the ball milling time is 90 min. In addition, the base plating solution contains nickel sulfate, sodium tungstate, and sodium hypophosphite, as well as trisodium citrate and boric acid; the five were used in amounts of 85g/L, 70g/L and 12g/L and 75g/L and 35g/L, respectively, based on the volume of the composite plating solution. And secondly, performing electrodeposition on the composite electroplating solution, wherein the electrodeposition process parameters are as follows: the current density is 14A/dm2(ii) a The temperature is 55 ℃; the initial pH was 6.0; the deposition time was 60 min. Finally, the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy of example 1 was obtained. The nickel content was 72.8 wt% based on the weight of the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy by elemental analysis and conversion; the tungsten content was 20.1 wt%; the phosphorus content was 3.5 wt%; ZrO (ZrO)2The content is 2.5 wt%; la2O3The content was 1.1 wt%.
Comparative example 1
The other conditions were the same as in example 1, except that PAA was replaced with an equal amount of PEG 6000.
Comparative example 2
Otherwise, the procedure was as in example 1, except that the dispersed particles were replaced with the same amount of ZrO2Nanoparticles.
Comparative example 3
Otherwise, the procedure was as in example 1 except that the dispersed particles were replaced with the same amount of La2O3Nanoparticles.
Performance testing
And testing the frictional wear characteristics of the sample prepared by the test by adopting an HT-1000 type frictional wear testing machine. In the test process, a ring block type abrasion form is adopted, the friction pair is a steel ring of a skd11 grinding tool, the outer diameter is phi 40mm, the inner diameter is phi 16mm, the hardness is 60HRC, and the rotating speed of the friction pair in the test process is 400 r/min; the size of the coated sample is 14mm multiplied by 10mm, the loading force is 40N, the test time is 150s, and the measurement is carried out at room temperature by adopting a sliding and dry friction mode. And (3) cleaning and removing oil on the sample by using an ultrasonic cleaner before and after the test, weighing the mass of the sample before and after the friction wear test by using a precision electronic balance, and calculating the wear loss of the coating.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Sample (I) | Wear rate/mg | Coefficient of sliding friction |
| Example 1 | 1.24 | 0.196 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.57 | 0.724 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.63 | 0.490 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.92 | 0.387 |
As can be seen from the results, in comparison with comparative examples 1 to 3, high-performance nickel-based wear-resistant alloy having both low friction coefficient and low wear rate was obtained in example 1 of the present application.
Without wishing to be bound by any theory, the synergistic effect between the dispersed particles of the present invention and polyacrylic acid, together, balances and optimizes the coefficient of friction and wear rate, resulting in improved performance.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the spirit and principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, deletions, modifications or adjustments may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and such equivalents are also within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The nickel-based wear-resistant alloy is obtained by electrodeposition of a composite electroplating solution formed by mixing a dispersion particle suspension and a base electroplating solution, and is characterized in that the dispersion particles are selected from ZrO2And La2O3A mixture of nanoparticles;
wherein, ZrO2Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles8040-80 nm; la2O3Average particle diameter D of nanoparticles80Is 120-280 nm; ZrO (ZrO)2And La2O3The weight ratio of the nano particles is (2-3) to 1;
the dispersed particle suspension comprises polyacrylic acid with the number average molecular weight Mn of 6000-;
based on the volume of the composite electroplating solution, the dosage of dispersed particles is 12-16 g/L; the dosage of polyacrylic acid is 0.1-0.3 g/L;
the base electroplating solution comprises a nickel source, a tungsten source and a phosphorus source; based on the volume of the composite electroplating solution, the dosage of the three is 80-90g/L, 65-75g/L and 8-16g/L respectively;
the electrodeposition process parameters are as follows: the current density is 12-16A/dm2(ii) a The temperature is 50-60 ℃; the initial pH value is 5.5-6.5; the deposition time is 45-75 min.
2. The nickel-base, wear-resistant alloy according to claim 1, wherein the base plating solution comprises citrate and boric acid.
3. The nickel-base wear-resistant alloy according to claim 1, wherein the dispersed particle suspension is obtained by ball milling; the technological parameters are as follows: the ball material ratio (4-6) is 1; the solid content is 12-18%; the rotating speed is 600 and 800 rpm; the ball milling time is 60-120 min.
4. The nickel-base, wear-resistant alloy according to claim 1, wherein the nickel content is 70.0-76.0 wt. -%, based on the weight of the nickel-base, wear-resistant alloy; the tungsten content is 18.0-22.0 wt%; the phosphorus content is 3.0-5.0 wt%; ZrO (ZrO)2The content is 2.0-4.0 wt%; la2O3The content is 1.0-2.0 wt%.
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