CN111036672A - Screening method of coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants - Google Patents
Screening method of coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a screening method of a coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plant, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) investigating field plants: carrying out survey on the current distribution situation of the coastal wetland plants to be repaired, and determining the coastal wetland plants to be repaired through survey on a sample line and a sample prescription; (2) local plant screening; (3) environmental simulation of different pollution degrees of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; (4) repairing plant planting; (5) and (4) evaluating and screening the repaired plants. The screening method is comprehensive, systematic and efficient, and factors and contents influencing the evaluation and screening of the repaired plants are found.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a screening method of a coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plant.
Background
With the large amount of exploitation and transportation of petroleum in recent years, about 800 ten thousand tons of petroleum pollutants flow into natural ecological environment every year. The offshore region is an important source and way for oil exploitation and transportation, and a large amount of persistent organic pollutants are input into the ocean along with the discharge of domestic sewage, industrial sewage and the like and the leakage of marine transportation, so that the coastal wetland is seriously polluted, and the human health is further threatened. The concentration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in coastal sediments in China is obviously higher than that of other countries and regions in the United states and Asia and lower than that of European regions. According to the data published in the environmental situation bulletin of the last two years, petroleum is mainly distributed in the coastal areas such as the gulf of Liaodong, the coast of Guangdong, the gulf of Laizhou, and the gulf of Taizhou.
Among the complex petroleum hydrocarbons, PAHs are one of the representatives of persistent organic pollutants of coastal wetlands. PAHs are mainly adsorbed in four media of seawater, sediment (substrate), coastal organisms and offshore atmosphere of the coastal wetland, wherein the content of the atmosphere is extremely low, the content of PAHs in the sediment is highest, and the content of PAHs in the sediment is next to that in aquatic organisms, and the amount of PAHs in the seawater is least. Therefore, PAHs of the coastal wetland are mainly distributed in sediments and organisms, the water quality purification function of the coastal wetland is improved, pollutants are reduced, and phytoremediation is one of the main measures for mainly improving the environment of the coastal wetland. The vegetation restoration has the remarkable advantages of low cost, no damage to the soil structure of the field, no secondary pollution and the like, and obtains good restoration effect in many places.
Although research shows that ideal plant species have strong vitality and the germination rate should not be influenced by pollutants or be slightly influenced, a set of effective pollutant removal and restoration plant screening methods is still lacked at present, particularly, a lot of plants are not combined with vegetation investigation of a restoration field, are introduced blindly, and although the restoration purpose can be achieved to a certain extent, the risk of invasion caused by introduced species diffusion exists, for example, ecological problems caused by spartina alterniflora introduced in a large area in a coastal wetland exist, so aiming at the problems, the discovery provides a set of plant screening technologies from field investigation, local plant screening to laboratory pollution-resistant species screening. It found factors and contents affecting native plants.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a screening method for coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification restoration plants, which is comprehensive, systematic and efficient in screening and discovers factors and contents affecting evaluation and screening of the restoration plants.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a screening method of a coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plant comprises the following steps:
(1) investigating field plants: and (4) carrying out distribution status investigation on the coastal wetland plants to be restored, and determining the coastal wetland plants to be restored through sample line and sample prescription investigation.
Further, the step (1) further comprises: and determining the organic matter enrichment levels of different parts of the coastal wetland plants to be repaired by adopting the coastal wetland plants with different distances from the pollution source.
(2) Local plant screening: screening foreign invasive plants from the coastal wetland plants to be repaired obtained in the step (1) according to a foreign invasive species list issued in China, screening foreign invasive plants and/or foreign plants according to a name list of the foreign invasive plants in China, and determining local plants.
And further, determining that the local plant is one or two of suaeda salsa and suaeda heteroptera in the step (2).
(3) Environmental simulation of different pollution degrees of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the soil cultivated in a pot is clean soil, sundries such as stones, roots and the like in the soil to be tested are removed, 12kg of wet soil is taken and filled in a flowerpot, quantitative petroleum is accurately weighed according to a proportion and dissolved in petroleum ether, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation group is formed by configuring the flowerpot soil into a petroleum mass fraction (namely petroleum mass/soil mass), at least 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation groups are arranged, and the soil without petroleum aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants is taken as a control group. In order to ensure that the petroleum and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed and simultaneously the petroleum ether in the soil is fully volatilized, the mixture is stirred once every 1 day 15 days before planting.
(4) And (3) repairing plant planting: collecting local plant seeds in the field in autumn one year before planting, naturally drying the seeds, and performing low-temperature vernalization treatment for later use; in 5 months of the planting year, full and consistent intact complete seeds are selected, the seeds are planted into each pot of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation group and the control group in the step (3), 40 seeds are sowed in each pot, and after a certain growth period, seedlings are thinned in each pot, wherein the number of seedlings is 5; watering for 1 time every day, spraying fertilizer for promoting plant growth according to soil fertility status, and regularly expelling insects to ensure plant growth. The number of sprouts and the plant height were measured every day from the day after sowing to 30 days, 20 days to 30 days.
(5) Assessment and screening of the repaired plants: and (4) counting the germination percentage in the early stage of growth, checking the tolerance of the plant to the pollutants in the early stage of growth according to the germination index, the average germination time and the number of leaves in the seedling stage, and screening to obtain the pollution-tolerant restoration plant.
Further, the plant height at the seedling stage and the seedling leaf length are also determined according to the indexes.
Further, the germination percentage formula in step (5) is as follows: GR is (N/N) × 100%, wherein: GR is the germination percentage, N is the number of normally germinated seeds, and N is the total number of test seeds.
Further, the average germination time formula in step (5) is as follows: MGT ═ Σ Gt · Dt)/Σ Gt, where: MGT is the average germination time, Gt is the number of germinating seeds on day t, Dt is the number of germination days corresponding to Gt, Σ Gt is the final germination number within the observation time, t is the number of observation days (t 1,2,3 … … 8).
Further, the germination index formula in step (5) is as follows: GI ═ Σ (Gt/Dt), in which: GI is germination index, Gt is germination number on day t, Dt is germination number in days corresponding to Gt, and t is observation number of days (t 1,2,3 … … 8).
Further, the formula of the germination potential in the step (5) is as follows: GP ═ a/N, where: GP is the germination vigor, a is the germination number of seeds when the germination reaches the peak, and N is the total number of the tested seeds.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention ensures ecological safety. Although the screening of crops for pollutant remediation has been studied at home and abroad, the problem of foreign invasive species is not considered, and the method adopts the foreign species screening to avoid potential ecological hazards possibly brought by the adoption of the foreign invasive species in advance.
2. The invention is systematic. Compared with the prior environmental purification method, the technology is combined with field screening of the area to be repaired, indoor simulation planting and growth characteristic monitoring of plant growth seasons, and is systematic screening for simulating a whole chain from the field to the indoor.
3. The invention has multi-scenario simulation. Different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentrations are simulated cultivated in a pot, and the germination and growth characteristics of the test plants are tested under different situations, so that the plants with the advantages of germination and growth conditions under different pollution concentrations are screened, the pollution conditions of different degrees in the field can be selected, and the remediation efficiency can be improved. Factors and contents influencing the evaluation and screening of the repaired plants are found.
4. The invention has good ecological effect. By adopting phytoremediation, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be remedied, and meanwhile, the method can play a certain role in eliminating other pollution of the coastal wetland, such as heavy metal, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and has good ecological effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon profiles of different organs of two kinds of suaeda salsa (suaeda salsa, suaeda pterata);
FIG. 2a is germination index of Suaeda salsa under different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentrations;
FIG. 2b is a graph showing germination indexes of suaeda heteroptera at different concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination;
FIG. 3a shows germination time of Suaeda salsa under different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination concentrations;
FIG. 3b is the germination time of Suaeda heteroptera under different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination concentrations;
FIG. 4a shows the plant height of Suaeda salsa as a function of days;
FIG. 4b shows the plant height of Suaeda heteroptera as a function of days;
FIG. 5a shows the number of leaves of two types of Suaeda salsa (Suaeda salsa, Suaeda heteroptera) in 20 days;
FIG. 5b shows the number of leaves of two types of Suaeda salsa (Suaeda salsa, Suaeda heteroptera) in 30 days;
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings.
A screening method of a coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plant comprises the following steps:
(1) investigating field plants: the method comprises the steps of carrying out distribution status survey on coastal wetland plants to be restored, respectively setting 3 100m long sample lines in a high tide zone, a medium tide zone and a low tide zone parallel to a coastline through sample line and sample square survey, setting 5-8 1m multiplied by 1m sample square plant populations on each sample line, and counting plant species in the sample squares and biomass in each plant square. The setting number of the sample areas is set according to the size of the restoration area, and different vegetation types in the restoration area are covered as much as possible. The investigation finds that the (main) vegetation of the coastal wetland is suaeda salsa, suaeda heteroptera and spartina alterniflora.
Further, the step (1) comprises: and determining the organic matter enrichment levels of different parts of the coastal wetland plants to be repaired by adopting the coastal wetland plants with different distances from the pollution source.
(2) Local plant screening: screening the coastal wetland plants to be restored obtained in the step (1) according to a foreign invasive species list issued in China, finding that the spartina alterniflora belongs to important foreign invasive species of the coastal wetland, and screening the foreign invasive species. Two test plants were selected: suaeda salsa and Suaeda pterata. And then screening out foreign invasive plants and/or foreign plants according to the name list of the foreign invasive plants in China, and determining that the local plants are suaeda salsa and suaeda heteroptera. In field investigation, two common seepweed herbs have the enrichment effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the average value of the total amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roots, stems, leaves and fruits in suaeda heteroptera bodies is 4102.0ng/g, 2823.2ng/g, 3443.3ng/g and 4493.8ng/g, the distribution shows that fruits are more than roots and more than leaves, the average value of the total amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits in suaeda salsa bodies is 3562.4ng/g, 4460.2ng/g, 4462.1ng/g and 4208.4ng/g, the distribution shows that the stems are more than leaves and more than fruits, the effect of the suaeda salsa on enriching the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is better, the content difference of PAHs in the roots and fruits of the two kinds of suaeda heteroptera is not significant (P >0.05), and figure 1 shows that the total amount difference of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the stems and leaves of plants is significant (P <0.
(3) Environmental simulation of different pollution degrees of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a plant screening test for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution is carried out in a greenhouse of Binzhou institute. The soil sample is taken from soil near the coast. The soil for potted plants is clean soil, sundries such as stones, roots and the like in the soil to be tested are removed, 12kg of wet soil is filled in a flowerpot, quantitative petroleum is accurately weighed according to a proportion and dissolved in petroleum ether, and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation group is formed by configuring the flowerpot soil into a petroleum mass fraction (namely petroleum mass/soil mass). According to the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil obtained by field investigation, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation groups of 2500mg/kg, 5000mg/kg, 7500mg/kg and 10000mg/kg are set, and simultaneously, one soil without petroleum aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants is set as a control group of mg/kg. In order to ensure that the petroleum and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed and simultaneously the petroleum ether in the soil is fully volatilized, the mixture is stirred once every 1 day 15 days before planting.
(4) And (3) repairing plant planting: collecting seeds of two kinds of suaeda salsa (suaeda salsa and suaeda heteroptera) in the field in autumn one year before planting, naturally drying the seeds in the air, and performing low-temperature vernalization treatment for later use; in 5 months of the planting year, full and consistent intact complete seeds are selected, the two kinds of seeds are respectively planted into each pot of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation group and the control group in the step (3), 40 seeds are sowed in each pot, and after a certain growth period, seedlings are thinned in each pot, wherein the number of seedlings is 5 plants/pot; watering for 1 time every day, spraying fertilizer for promoting plant growth according to soil fertility status, and regularly expelling insects to ensure plant growth. The number of sprouts and the plant height are measured from the time of counting the number of sprouts every day to the 30 th day and 20d-30d every day after sowing.
(5) Assessment and screening of the repaired plants: and (4) counting the germination percentage in the early stage of growth, checking the tolerance of the plants to pollutants in the early stage of growth according to the germination index, the average germination time, the number of leaves in the seedling stage, the plant height in the seedling stage and the leaf length of seedlings, and screening to obtain the pollution-tolerant restoration plants.
The germination percentage formula in the step (5) is as follows: GR is (N/N) × 100%, wherein: GR is the germination percentage, N is the number of normally germinated seeds, and N is the total number of test seeds.
The average germination time formula in the step (5) is as follows: MGT ∑ Gt · Dt/Σ Gt, wherein: MGT is the average germination time, Gt is the number of germinating seeds on day t, Dt is the number of germination days corresponding to Gt, Σ Gt is the final germination number within the observation time, t is the number of observation days (t 1,2,3 … … 8).
The germination index formula in the step (5) is as follows: GI ═ Σ (Gt/Dt), in which: GI is germination index, Gt is germination number on day t, Dt is germination number in days corresponding to Gt, and t is observation number of days (t 1,2,3 … … 8).
The formula of the germination potential in the step (5) is as follows: GP ═ a/N, where: GP is the germination vigor, a is the germination number of seeds when the germination reaches the peak, and N is the total number of the tested seeds.
Experiments show that the influence of different petroleum concentration gradients on the germination percentages (calculated according to a formula) of 2 common seepweed herbs (common seepweed herbs and common seepweed herbs) is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), the germination percentages of seeds among the 2 common seepweed herbs are not obvious (P is more than 0.05), but the germination percentages of the 2 common seepweed herbs seeds under the stress of petroleum pollution are higher than those of a control group, and the relative germination rates are more than 1. The experiment shows that the germination indexes of 2 common seepweed herb seeds are all obviously higher than those of a control group (P is less than 0.01), but the germination indexes of the 2 common seepweed herb seeds are not obviously different under different petroleum pollution concentrations (P is more than 0.05). Under the condition of T2(5000mg/kg) of petroleum concentration, the germination indexes of 2 suaeda glauca seeds are highest and decrease with the increase of petroleum pollution concentration (see fig. 2a-2b, wherein different letters are used for representing the difference of the germination indexes between different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in fig. 2a, different letters represent remarkable difference, and the same letters represent insignificant difference
The open circle represents the median; in 2b, different letters are used for representing the difference of germination indexes among different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations, the difference is obvious in different letters, and the difference is not obvious in the same letter). Under different petroleum pollution concentration gradients, the average time difference of the germination of the seeds of 2 kinds of suaeda salsa (suaeda heteroptera P) is obvious<0.05; suaeda salsa P<0.01). The average germination time of the 2 common seepweed seeds in the experimental group is lower than that of the control group, when the petroleum concentration is 5000mg/kg, the average germination time of the common seepweed in the saline land is the shortest, and under the condition of 7500mg/kg, the average germination time of the common seepweed in the wing is the shortest, but the average germination time of the 2 common seepweed seeds in the same concentration has no obvious difference among the seeds (P is more than 0.05). By comparing the average germination time of the two types of seeds in the T0 control group, it can be shown that the average germination time of the Suaeda salsa seeds is higher than that of Suaeda heteroptera but is differentNo significant difference (P >0.05) (fig. 3a-3b, wherein different letters in fig. 3a indicate significant difference and the same letter indicates no significant difference, and different letters in fig. 3b indicate significant difference and the same letter indicates no significant difference). Under the same petroleum concentration gradient, the difference of the plant heights of the two types of suaeda glauca seeds is very obvious (P is less than 0.01). The inhibition degree of oil on suaeda heteroptera at each concentration in each period is higher than that of suaeda salsa, the inhibition degree of the plant heights of 2 kinds of suaeda salsa is increased along with the increase of the concentration gradient of the oil (see fig. 4a-4b, wherein T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 in fig. 4a respectively represent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with different concentrations, different letters represent germination index differences among different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations, different letters represent significant differences, the same letters represent insignificant differences, T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 in fig. 4b represent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with different concentrations, different letters represent significant differences among the different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations, and the same letters represent insignificant differences). The respective indications in fig. 5a (fig. 5a indicate marked differences (P), respectively<0.05) and very marked variability (P)<0.001)), the number of leaves of 2 types of suaeda salsa seedlings in the petroleum treatment group is lower than that of the control group at 20 days, and the number of leaves of 2 types of suaeda salsa seedlings is gradually reduced along with the increase of the petroleum concentration, so that the inhibition effect of petroleum on the number of leaves of the suaeda heteroptera seedlings and the suaeda salsa seedlings is extremely obvious (P < 0.01). The difference was marked as in fig. 5b (fig. 5b, respectively (P)<0.05) and very marked variability (P)<0.001)), and the difference of the leaf numbers of 2 types of suaeda salsa is remarkable under the stress of petroleum pollution at 30 days (P <0.05), and the difference is remarkable when the concentration of the petroleum pollution in the soil is more than 2500mg/kg (P < 0.001). The number of leaves of the suaeda salsa is higher than that of the suaeda heteroptera under the same treatment, which shows that the suaeda salsa has better adaptability and tolerance capability under the stress of the same petroleum concentration (see figures 5a-5 b).
In conclusion, according to the enrichment capacity of the suaeda salsa and the growth conditions of the suaeda salsa under different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution, the suaeda salsa has strong enrichment capacity and strong pollution resistance capacity to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and the suaeda heteroptera is relatively poor.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A screening method of a coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) investigating field plants: carrying out survey on the current distribution situation of the coastal wetland plants to be repaired, and determining the coastal wetland plants to be repaired through survey on a sample line and a sample prescription;
(2) local plant screening: screening foreign invasive plants from the coastal wetland plants to be repaired obtained in the step (1) according to a foreign invasive species list issued in China, screening foreign invasive plants and/or foreign plants according to a name list of the foreign invasive plants in China, and determining local plants;
(3) environmental simulation of different pollution degrees of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the method comprises the following steps that (1) potted soil is clean soil, sundries such as stones and roots in the soil to be tested are removed, 12kg of wet soil is taken and filled in a flowerpot, quantitative petroleum is accurately weighed according to a proportion and dissolved in petroleum ether, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation group is formed by configuring the flowerpot soil into petroleum mass fraction, at least 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation groups are arranged, and the soil without petroleum aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants is taken as a control group;
(4) and (3) repairing plant planting: collecting local plant seeds in the field in autumn one year before planting, naturally drying the seeds, and performing low-temperature vernalization treatment for later use; in 5 months of the planting year, selecting seeds, planting the seeds into each pot of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution concentration simulation group and the control group in the step (3), and sowing 40 seeds in each pot; watering for 1 time at regular intervals, spraying fertilizer, and expelling insects at regular time; counting the germination number to 30 days and measuring the leaf number and the plant height every day from 20 days to 30 days after sowing;
(5) assessment and screening of the repaired plants: and (4) counting the germination percentage in the early stage of growth, checking the tolerance of the plant to the pollutants in the early stage of growth according to the germination index, the average germination time and the number of leaves in the seedling stage, and screening to obtain the pollution-tolerant restoration plant.
2. The method for screening the coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (1) further comprises: adopting coastal wetland plants with different distances from a pollution source, and determining the organic matter enrichment levels of different parts of the coastal wetland plants to be repaired; and (3) determining that the local plant is one or two of suaeda salsa and suaeda heteroptera in the step (2).
3. The method for screening the coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) according to the indexes, the plant height at the seedling stage and the seedling leaf length are also obtained.
4. The method for screening the coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the germination percentage formula in the step (5) is as follows: GR is (N/N) × 100%, wherein: GR is the germination percentage, N is the number of normally germinated seeds, and N is the total number of test seeds.
5. The method for screening the coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the average germination time formula in the step (5) is as follows: MGT ═ Σ Gt · Dt)/Σ Gt, in which: MGT is the average germination time, Gt is the number of germinating seeds on day t, Dt is the number of germination days corresponding to Gt, Σ Gt is the final number of germination in the observation time, t is the number of observation days.
6. The method for screening the coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the germination index formula in the step (5) is as follows: GI ═ Σ (Gt/Dt), in which: GI is germination index, Gt is germination number of day t, Dt is germination number of days corresponding to Gt, and t is observation number of days greater than 1.
7. The method for screening the coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediation plants as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula of the germination potential in the step (5) is as follows: GP ═ a/N, where: GP is the germination vigor, a is the germination number of seeds when the germination reaches the peak, and N is the total number of the tested seeds.
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| CN113854053A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2021-12-31 | 大连海洋大学 | Planting method for suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary tidal flat |
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Application publication date: 20200421 |