CN111036097B - Polyelectrolyte coating nanofiltration composite membrane for treating electroplating wastewater and application thereof - Google Patents
Polyelectrolyte coating nanofiltration composite membrane for treating electroplating wastewater and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
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- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
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- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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Abstract
The invention provides a nanofiltration composite membrane, which comprises a base membrane; an intermediate transition support film layer compounded on the base film; an active film layer compounded on the intermediate transition support film layer; and the polyelectrolyte coating is compounded on the active membrane layer. The high-flux high-retention-rate anti-fouling nanofiltration composite membrane provided by the invention can effectively treat electroplating wastewater, has good hydrophilicity and retention rate, simultaneously has membrane fouling resistance and longer service life, is simple in preparation method, and is beneficial to industrial realization and popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroplating wastewater treatment, relates to a nanofiltration composite membrane and application thereof, and particularly relates to a polyelectrolyte coating nanofiltration composite membrane for treating electroplating wastewater and application thereof.
Background
The sources of the electroplating wastewater are generally: (1) cleaning water for the plated part; (2) a waste plating solution; (3) other waste waters including flushing the floor of the shop, scrubbing the polar plates, aeration equipment condensation, and various bath liquids and drains that "run, spill, drip, leak" due to bath leakage or improper operation and management; (4) the equipment cools the water, and the cooling water is not polluted except for temperature rise in the using process. The quality and quantity of the electroplating wastewater are related to the process conditions, production load, operation management, water using mode and other factors of electroplating production. The electroplating wastewater has the characteristics of complex water quality and difficult control of components, contains heavy metal ions such as chromium, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, gold, silver and the like, cyanides and the like, belongs to highly toxic substances such as carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis and the like, and is one of the wastewater which seriously affects the production environment, the living environment and the sustainable development.
The nanofiltration membrane can remove inorganic pollutants in sewage, such as divalent ion metal or compound, colloid, suspended solid and organic compound. According to the particle size, substances with molecular weight of more than 100 can be removed by the nanofiltration membranes (0.1 to 1 nm) with different pore diameters, and compared with the nanofiltration membranes, the pressure required by the nanofiltration membranes is lower, so that higher flux can be obtained. In the electroplating wastewater, harmful heavy metals are one of the main problems of the electroplating wastewater. Although the quality of electroplating wastewater of different enterprises is greatly different, common heavy metal ion pollutants comprise chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, gold, silver, lead and the like, and in addition, the wastewater also contains acid and alkali pollutants and a certain amount of organic matters.
The treatment of the wastewater has certain requirements on the performance of the nanofiltration membrane, except high flux and high rejection rate, the membrane has durability, and the requirements on the pollution resistance and the tolerance of the membrane are very high because acid-base substances in the electroplating wastewater have great influence on the membrane performance and the nanofiltration membrane needs to be subjected to acid washing frequently.
Therefore, how to further improve the above performance of the nanofiltration membrane, further satisfy the strict requirements for electroplating wastewater treatment, and achieve better treatment effect has become one of the focuses of great attention of many researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a nanofiltration composite membrane, a preparation method and an application thereof, and in particular, to a polyelectrolyte coating nanofiltration composite membrane for treating electroplating wastewater.
The invention provides a nanofiltration composite membrane, which comprises a base membrane;
an intermediate transition support film layer compounded on the base film;
an active film layer compounded on the intermediate transition support film layer;
and the polyelectrolyte coating is compounded on the active membrane layer.
Preferably, the base film comprises a non-woven base film;
the middle transition support film layer comprises a polyacrylonitrile middle transition support film layer;
the active film layer comprises a polyethyleneimine and poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone) copolymerization active film layer;
the polyelectrolyte coating and the active membrane layer are compounded through electrostatic adsorption;
the polyelectrolyte coating comprises a negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating compounded on the active membrane layer and a positively charged polyelectrolyte coating compounded on the negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating.
Preferably, the non-woven fabric base film comprises a polyethylene terephthalate non-woven fabric base film and/or a polyimide non-woven fabric base film;
the thickness of the base film is 140-160 mu m;
the thickness of the middle transition support film layer is 70-120 mu m;
the thickness of the active film layer is 0.5-10 mu m;
the thickness of the polyelectrolyte coating is 0.05-0.20 mu m;
the polyelectrolyte coating comprises a plurality of groups of negatively charged polyelectrolyte coatings and positively charged polyelectrolyte coatings which are alternately compounded in sequence;
the number of the multiple groups is 2-10 groups;
the negatively charged polyelectrolyte comprises poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt;
the positively-charged polyelectrolyte includes polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the polyacrylonitrile is 85000-150000;
the aperture of the polyacrylonitrile intermediate transition support film layer is 0.05-0.1 mu m;
the molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine is 10000-30000;
the molecular weight of the poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone) is 20000-300000.
Preferably, the aperture of the nanofiltration composite membrane is 1-3 nm;
the water flux of the nanofiltration composite membrane is 35-60L/m2·h；
The sodiumNi of filter composite membrane+The retention rate of (A) is more than or equal to 99.5%;
cu of the nanofiltration composite membrane2+The retention rate of (A) is more than or equal to 99.5%;
cr of the nanofiltration composite membrane6+The retention rate of (A) is not less than 99.65%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the nanofiltration composite membrane comprises the following steps:
1) mixing polyacrylonitrile and a first solvent to obtain an intermediate membrane liquid, and coating the intermediate membrane liquid on a base membrane to obtain a carrier compounded with an intermediate membrane;
2) mixing polyethyleneimine, poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone), vinylpyrrolidone and a second solvent again to obtain a cross-linked composite membrane liquid, coating the cross-linked composite membrane liquid on an intermediate membrane of the carrier obtained in the step, and solidifying after electron beam irradiation cross-linking to obtain a nanofiltration membrane carrier;
3) and (3) immersing the nanofiltration membrane carrier obtained in the step into a poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution, taking out the nanofiltration membrane carrier, immersing the nanofiltration membrane carrier into a poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution again, and then crosslinking the nanofiltration membrane carrier again through electron beam illumination to obtain the nanofiltration composite membrane.
Preferably, the first solvent comprises one or more of butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide;
the mass ratio of the polyacrylonitrile to the first solvent is (15-25): 100;
the mass ratio of the polyacrylonitrile to the base film is (30-60): 100, respectively;
the step of removing the solvent is also included after the coating;
the second solvent comprises one or more of butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide;
the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the base film is (2-15): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxylactone) is (15-40): 100.
preferably, the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the vinylpyrrolidone is (1-3): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the second solvent is (1-5): 100, respectively;
the irradiation crosslinking time of the electron beam is 3-15 seconds;
the radiation dose of the electron beam irradiation crosslinking is 50-90 KGy;
the coagulation comprises water bath coagulation;
the solidification time is 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution is (0.1-1): 100, respectively;
the pH value of the poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution is 3-3.5;
the immersion time is 5-30 seconds;
the mass concentration of the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution is (0.1-1): 100, respectively;
the pH value of the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution is 10-10.5;
the secondary immersion time is 5-30 seconds;
the step of sequentially and alternately immersing the solution of poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt and the solution of poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride after the second immersion;
the number of the groups which are alternately immersed comprises 1-10 groups;
the single immersion time in the alternate immersion is 5-30 seconds.
The invention also provides application of the nanofiltration composite membrane in any one of the technical schemes in the field of electroplating wastewater treatment.
The invention provides a nanofiltration composite membrane, which comprises a base membrane; an intermediate transition support film layer compounded on the base film; an active film layer compounded on the intermediate transition support film layer; and the polyelectrolyte coating is compounded on the active membrane layer. Compared with the prior art, the high-flux high-retention-rate anti-fouling nanofiltration composite membrane provided by the invention comprises a four-layer structure, wherein the bottom layer is made of non-woven fabric, the middle transition supporting layer (polyacrylonitrile), the active layer and the polyelectrolyte coating. The nanofiltration composite membrane can effectively treat electroplating wastewater, has good hydrophilicity and rejection rate, and simultaneously has membrane pollution resistance.
The nanofiltration composite membrane synthesized by the invention has the advantages that the membrane surface is coated with the polyelectrolyte material with positive and negative electricity, so that the interception rate of the membrane is greatly improved, and the composite membrane has good interception effect on substances such as positively charged heavy metal ions and negatively charged colloids in electroplating wastewater. And the special polyelectrolyte material used in the coating treatment of the polyelectrolyte material on the surface of the membrane improves the anti-fouling performance of the membrane. Meanwhile, during acid washing, the protective effect is generated on the membrane body, and the service life of the membrane is prolonged. Meanwhile, the invention further greatly improves the hydrophilicity of the polyethyleneimine active membrane and improves the flux of the nanofiltration membrane. Finally, according to the film preparation scheme, the film material components of the composite film can be adjusted and the number of layers of the concentration of the coating can be adjusted according to the condition of the electroplating wastewater, so that nanofiltration films with different specifications can be obtained and the method can be applied to the field of electroplating wastewater treatment with different components. The nanofiltration composite membrane provided by the invention has the advantages of higher rejection rate, better dirt resistance, longer service life, simple preparation method and contribution to industrial realization.
Experimental results show that the aperture of the nanofiltration composite membrane prepared by the method is 1-3 nm, and the water flux under specific conditions is 35-60L/m2H, for Ni in electroplating wastewater+Has a retention rate of 99.5% or more, Cu2+The retention rate of (B) is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, and Cr6+The retention rate of (A) is not less than 99.65%.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are included merely to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the claims.
All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
All the raw materials of the invention are not particularly limited in purity, and the invention preferably adopts the purity which is conventional in the field of analytical pure or nanofiltration membrane materials.
The invention provides a nanofiltration composite membrane, which comprises a base membrane;
an intermediate transition support film layer compounded on the base film;
an active film layer compounded on the intermediate transition support film layer;
and the polyelectrolyte coating is compounded on the active membrane layer.
In the present invention, the base film preferably includes a non-woven fabric base film, more preferably includes a polyethylene terephthalate non-woven fabric base film and/or a polyimide non-woven fabric base film, and more preferably a polyethylene terephthalate non-woven fabric base film or a polyimide non-woven fabric base film.
The thickness of the base film is preferably 140-160 μm, more preferably 143-158 μm, more preferably 145-155 μm, and more preferably 147-153 μm.
In the present invention, the intermediate transition support membrane layer preferably comprises a polyacrylonitrile intermediate transition support membrane layer.
The thickness of the intermediate transition support film layer is preferably 70-120 μm, more preferably 80-110 μm, and more preferably 90-100 μm. The molecular weight (weight average) of the polyacrylonitrile is preferably 85000-150000, more preferably 95000-140000, more preferably 105000-130000, and more preferably 115000-120000. The aperture of the polyacrylonitrile intermediate transition support film layer is preferably 0.05-0.1 μm, more preferably 0.06-0.09 μm, and more preferably 0.07-0.08 μm.
In the present invention, the active film layer preferably includes a polyethyleneimine and poly (2-hydroxylmethacrylate) copolymerized active film layer.
The thickness of the active film layer is preferably 0.5-10 μm, more preferably 2.5-8 μm, and more preferably 4.5-6 μm. The polyamide active membrane layer is preferably obtained by copolymerizing polyethyleneimine and poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone). The molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine is preferably 10000-30000, more preferably 12000-28000, more preferably 15000-25000, and more preferably 18000-22000. The molecular weight of the poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone) is preferably 20000-300000, more preferably 22000-28000, and more preferably 24000-26000.
In the present invention, the polyelectrolyte coating preferably includes a negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating compounded on the active membrane layer and a positively charged polyelectrolyte coating compounded on the negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating, and more preferably includes a plurality of sets of a negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating and a positively charged polyelectrolyte coating alternately compounded in this order. The number of the multiple groups is preferably 2-10 groups, more preferably 3-9 groups, more preferably 4-8 groups, and more preferably 5-7 groups. The negatively charged polyelectrolytes of the present invention preferably include ammonium poly (4-styrenesulfonate). The positively-charged polyelectrolyte of the present invention preferably comprises polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
The thickness of the polyelectrolyte coating is preferably 0.05-0.20 μm, more preferably 0.08-0.18 μm, and more preferably 0.1-0.15 μm. The polyelectrolyte coating and the active membrane layer are preferably compounded through electrostatic adsorption.
The nanofiltration composite membrane is obtained through the steps, the aperture of the nanofiltration composite membrane is preferably 1-3 nm, more preferably 1.2-2.8 nm, more preferably 1.5-2.5 nm, and more preferably 1.7-2.3 nm. The water flux is preferably 35-60L/m2H, may be 40 to 55L/m2H, may be 45 to 50L/m2H. The rejection rate of the nanofiltration composite membrane to sodium ions is preferably more than or equal to 99.75%; the retention rate of the nanofiltration composite membrane to chloride ions is preferably more than or equal to 99.75%; the retention rate of the nanofiltration composite membrane on nitrate ions is preferably more than or equal to 99.5%; the retention rate of the nanofiltration composite membrane on divalent calcium ions is preferably greater than or equal to 99.9%.
The steps of the invention provide a polyelectrolyte coating nanofiltration composite membrane, wherein polyethyleneimine in an active layer is a positively charged high polymer material, and has a good effect of removing positive ions in water. And the added poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxylactone) has hydroxyl groups, so that the hydrophilicity of the membrane is greatly improved. The invention also particularly carries out polyelectrolyte coating on the surface of the membrane, which is beneficial to improving the retention rate of the membrane, improving the dirt resistance of the membrane and prolonging the service life of the membrane. And the polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt and the polyelectrolyte poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) which are specially selected are alternately coated on the surface of the membrane, and the polyelectrolyte is stably adsorbed on the surface of the membrane in an electrostatic self-assembly mode to form a filtering layer and a protective layer with alternating positive electricity and negative electricity. Due to the electrification of the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, heavy metal ions in the electroplating wastewater can be effectively intercepted, and meanwhile, the poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) ammonium salt with electronegativity can intercept organic matters in the wastewater with electronegativity, so that the interception rate of the membrane is improved. In addition, the polyelectrolyte coating can effectively improve the pollution resistance of the membrane, so that the membrane is more resistant to acid washing, and the service life of the membrane is prolonged.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nanofiltration composite membrane, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing polyacrylonitrile and a first solvent to obtain an intermediate membrane liquid, and coating the intermediate membrane liquid on a base membrane to obtain a carrier compounded with an intermediate membrane;
2) mixing polyethyleneimine, poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone), vinylpyrrolidone and a second solvent again to obtain a cross-linked composite membrane liquid, coating the cross-linked composite membrane liquid on an intermediate membrane of the carrier obtained in the step, and solidifying after electron beam irradiation cross-linking to obtain a nanofiltration membrane carrier;
3) and (3) immersing the nanofiltration membrane carrier obtained in the step into a poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution, taking out the nanofiltration membrane carrier, and immersing the nanofiltration membrane carrier into a poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution again to obtain the nanofiltration composite membrane.
Firstly, mixing polyacrylonitrile and a first solvent to obtain an intermediate membrane solution, and then coating the intermediate membrane solution on a base membrane to obtain a carrier compounded with the intermediate membrane.
The first solvent according to the present invention preferably includes one or more of butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide, and more preferably butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl sulfoxide.
The mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile to the first solvent is preferably (15-25): 100, more preferably (17-23): 100, more preferably (19 to 21): 100. The mass ratio of the polyacrylonitrile to the base film is preferably (30-60): 100, more preferably (35-55): 100, more preferably (40 to 50): 100.
The coating of the present invention preferably further comprises a step of removing the solvent. Specifically, the solvent may be removed by evaporation.
According to the method, polyethyleneimine, poly (2-hydroxy-methacrylate), vinylpyrrolidone and a second solvent are mixed again to obtain a cross-linked composite membrane liquid, the cross-linked composite membrane liquid is coated on an intermediate membrane of the carrier obtained in the step, and the intermediate membrane is solidified after being cross-linked by electron beam irradiation to obtain the nanofiltration membrane carrier.
The second solvent according to the present invention preferably includes one or more of butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide, and more preferably butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl sulfoxide.
The mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the base membrane is preferably (2-15): 100, more preferably (5-12): 100, more preferably (8-9): 100. The mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxylactone) is preferably (15-40): 100, more preferably (20 to 35): 100, more preferably (25-30): 100. the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the vinylpyrrolidone is preferably (1-3): 100, more preferably (1.2 to 2.8): 100, more preferably (1.5 to 2.5): 100, more preferably (1.7 to 2.3): 100. the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the second solvent is preferably (1-5): 100, more preferably (1.5 to 4.5): 100, more preferably (2-4): 100, more preferably (2.5 to 3.5): 100.
The invention particularly adopts an electron beam crosslinking mode, and the time for electron beam irradiation crosslinking is preferably 3-15 seconds, more preferably 5-13 seconds, and more preferably 7-11 seconds. The radiation dose of the electron beam irradiation crosslinking is preferably 50-90 KGy, more preferably 55-85 KGy, more preferably 60-80 KGy, and more preferably 65-75 KGy.
Coagulation according to the present invention preferably comprises water bath coagulation. Wherein the solidification time is preferably 5 to 10 minutes, more preferably 6 to 9 minutes, and more preferably 7 to 8 minutes.
Finally, the nanofiltration membrane carrier obtained in the step is immersed into a poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution, taken out and immersed into a poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution again to obtain the nanofiltration composite membrane.
The mass concentration of the poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution is preferably (0.1-1): 100, more preferably (0.3 to 0.8): 100, more preferably (0.5 to 0.6): 100. The pH value of the poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution is preferably 3-3.5, more preferably 3.1-3.4, and more preferably 3.2-3.3.
The immersion time is preferably 5 to 30 seconds, more preferably 10 to 25 seconds, and still more preferably 15 to 20 seconds.
The mass concentration of the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution is preferably (0.1-1): 100, more preferably (0.3 to 0.8): 100, more preferably (0.5 to 0.6): 100. The pH value of the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution is preferably 10-10.5, more preferably 10.1-10.4, and more preferably 10.2-10.3.
The re-immersion time is preferably 5 to 30 seconds, more preferably 10 to 25 seconds, and even more preferably 15 to 20 seconds.
The invention more particularly adopts a secondary electron beam crosslinking mode, and the time for irradiating the electron beam for crosslinking again is preferably 3-15 seconds, more preferably 5-13 seconds, and more preferably 7-11 seconds. The radiation dose of the electron beam irradiation re-crosslinking is preferably 50-90 KGy, more preferably 55-85 KGy, more preferably 60-80 KGy, and more preferably 65-75 KGy. The method preferably further comprises a drying step after the crosslinking is carried out again by the electron beam irradiation.
The invention is a complete and refined integral technical scheme, better realizes the filtering effect of the nanofiltration membrane, and preferably further comprises the step of alternately immersing the poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution and the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution in sequence after immersing again. Specifically, the number of the groups which are alternately immersed preferably comprises 1-10 groups, more preferably 3-8 groups, and more preferably 5-6 groups. The single immersion time in the alternate immersion is preferably 5-30 seconds, more preferably 10-25 seconds, and even more preferably 15-20 seconds.
The invention is a complete and refined integral preparation process, which can better improve the rejection rate of the nanofiltration membrane, and the preparation process can specifically comprise the following steps:
1) and dissolving organic polyacrylonitrile in N, N-dimethylformamide and defoaming. Obtaining membrane liquid A. And quantitatively coating the membrane liquid A on the non-woven fabric, and evaporating to remove the solvent to form the intermediate transition supporting layer.
2) Mixing polyethyleneimine, poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone) and vinylpyrrolidone according to mass percent, wherein the content of the vinylpyrrolidone is 1 percent.
3) And dissolving the prepared ingredients in N, N-dimethylformamide to form a colloidal raw material, and defoaming to obtain a composite layer membrane solution C.
4) And quantitatively coating the composite layer membrane liquid C on the middle layer, and crosslinking by using electron beam radiation.
5) And (3) immersing the crosslinked composite membrane into pure water for further solidification.
6) And then washing with water to remove residual organic matters on the surface of the membrane.
7) And (3) dissolving the polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt in pure water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to be 3-3.5 to obtain a polyelectrolyte solution D.
8) And (3) dissolving the polyelectrolyte poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride in pure water, and controlling the pH of the solution to be 10-10.5 to obtain a polyelectrolyte solution E.
9) And immersing the prepared composite membrane into the obtained polyelectrolyte solution D for 5 minutes to obtain a first layer of negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating.
10) And then dipping the composite membrane into the polyelectrolyte solution E for 1 minute to obtain the positively charged polyelectrolyte coating.
11) And then alternately dipping the solution D and the solution E for 1 minute in sequence, and repeating the steps for 7 times.
12) And finally, performing electron beam radiation crosslinking on the coated film again, and drying to obtain a finished film.
The invention also provides application of the nanofiltration composite membrane or the nanofiltration composite membrane prepared by the preparation method in any one of the technical schemes in the field of electroplating wastewater treatment.
The steps of the invention provide a polyelectrolyte coating nanofiltration composite membrane for treating electroplating wastewater, a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a high-flux high-retention-rate anti-fouling nanofiltration composite membrane which comprises a four-layer structure, wherein a bottom layer is non-woven fabric, a middle transition supporting layer (polyacrylonitrile), an active layer and a polyelectrolyte coating. The nanofiltration composite membrane can effectively treat electroplating wastewater, has good hydrophilicity and rejection rate, and simultaneously has membrane pollution resistance.
The invention particularly adopts a specific preparation method, firstly, the polyethyleneimine-poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt is synthesized into the composite membrane, the composite membrane is dissolved, stirred and defoamed by using N, N-dimethylformamide solution, and the composite membrane is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation. And simultaneously coating polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) ammonium salt and polyelectrolyte poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride on the surface of the composite membrane through electrostatic adsorption. The obtained polyelectrolyte poly-coating polyethyleneimine-poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt composite membrane has good interception effect on heavy metal ions in electroplating wastewater, and has high flux and good antifouling performance.
The nanofiltration composite membrane synthesized by the invention has the advantages that the membrane surface is coated with the polyelectrolyte material with positive and negative electricity, so that the interception rate of the membrane is greatly improved, and the composite membrane has good interception effect on substances such as positively charged heavy metal ions and negatively charged colloids in electroplating wastewater. And the special polyelectrolyte material used in the coating treatment of the polyelectrolyte material on the surface of the membrane improves the anti-fouling performance of the membrane. Meanwhile, during acid washing, the protective effect is generated on the membrane body, and the service life of the membrane is prolonged. Meanwhile, the invention further greatly improves the hydrophilicity of the polyethyleneimine active membrane and improves the flux of the nanofiltration membrane. Finally, according to the film preparation scheme, the film material components of the composite film can be adjusted and the number of layers of the concentration of the coating can be adjusted according to the condition of the electroplating wastewater, so that nanofiltration films with different specifications can be obtained and the method can be applied to the field of electroplating wastewater treatment with different components. The preparation method is simple, the nanofiltration composite membrane is formed through a secondary electron beam crosslinking mode under specific conditions and a special impregnation process, and the method is mild in conditions, strong in controllability and good in repeatability, and is beneficial to industrial popularization and application.
Experimental results show that the aperture of the nanofiltration composite membrane prepared by the method is 1-3 nm, and the water flux under specific conditions is 35-60L/m2H (test feed stock solution containing 120 ppm Ni+，150 ppm Cu2+，150 ppm Cr6+pH value of stock solution of 3.5 and temperature of 40 ℃), for Ni in electroplating wastewater+Has a retention rate of 99.5% or more, Cu2+The retention rate of (B) is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, and Cr6+The retention rate of (A) is not less than 99.65%.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following will describe in detail a nanofiltration composite membrane and a preparation method and application thereof with reference to examples, but it should be understood that these examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific procedures are given, which are only for further illustration of the features and advantages of the present invention, but not for limitation of the claims of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Preparing a middle transition supporting layer, putting 100 g of organic polyacrylonitrile into 900g N, stirring and dissolving in N-dimethylformamide, and defoaming to obtain a middle transition supporting layer membrane solution. And quantitatively coating the intermediate layer membrane liquid on the non-woven fabric, and evaporating to remove the solvent to form the intermediate layer. Dissolving 80g of polyethyleneimine, 20g of poly (4-styrenesulfanilamide) ammonium salt and 1% of vinylpyrrolidone in N, N-dimethylformamide to form a colloidal raw material, and defoaming to obtain the composite layer membrane solution. And quantitatively coating the composite layer film liquid on the intermediate layer, and performing crosslinking dosage 60kGy by using electron beam illumination. And immersing the crosslinked film into pure water for solidification. Polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt is dissolved in pure water to prepare 0.2 wt% polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution with pH value of 3. Polyelectrolyte poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) is dissolved in pure water, the pH value of the solution is 10, and a 0.2 wt% poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution is obtained. The prepared polyethyleneimine-poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane is firstly immersed in polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution for 10 seconds to form a first layer of polyelectrolyte coating. Subsequently, the solution was dipped into the poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution for 10 seconds. Subsequently, the solution was dipped in polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride solution in turn for 15 seconds each, and the procedure was repeated 7 times. Subsequently, electron irradiation was performed again to obtain 60kGy crosslinking. And then drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane.
The performance of the polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is detected.
The prepared polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite nanofiltration membrane is cut into an effective area of 38.5 cm2The raw sheet of (a), was tested using a membrane filtration test system. The flow rate of the system is 70L/h, and the membrane surface pressure is 10 bar.
Test feed stock solution containing 120 ppm Ni+，150 ppm Cu2+，150 ppm Cr6+The stock solution had a pH of 3.5 and a temperature of 40 ℃. All nanofiltration membranes prepared in the examples were tested under the same conditions.
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows performance test data of the nanofiltration composite membrane prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Example 2
Preparing a middle transition supporting layer, putting 100 g of organic polyacrylonitrile into 900g N, stirring and dissolving in N-dimethylformamide, and defoaming to obtain a middle transition supporting layer membrane solution. And quantitatively coating the intermediate layer membrane liquid on the non-woven fabric, and evaporating to remove the solvent to form the intermediate layer. 75g of polyethyleneimine, 25g of poly (4-styrenesulfanilamide) ammonium salt and 1% of vinylpyrrolidone are dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide to form a colloidal raw material, and defoaming is performed to obtain the composite layer membrane solution. And quantitatively coating the composite layer film liquid on the intermediate layer, and performing crosslinking dosage 70kGy by using electron beam illumination. And immersing the crosslinked film into pure water for solidification. Polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt is dissolved in pure water to prepare 0.4 wt% polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution with pH value of 3. Polyelectrolyte poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) is dissolved in pure water, the pH value of the solution is 10, and a 0.4 wt% poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution is obtained. The prepared polyethyleneimine-poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane is firstly immersed in polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution for 10 seconds to form a first layer of polyelectrolyte coating. Subsequently, the solution was dipped into the poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution for 10 seconds. Subsequently, the solution was dipped in polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride solution in turn for 15 seconds each, and the procedure was repeated 7 times. Subsequently, electron irradiation was carried out again to obtain 70kGy crosslinking. And then drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane.
The performance of the polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is detected.
The prepared polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite nanofiltration membrane is cut into an effective area of 38.5 cm2The raw sheet of (a), was tested using a membrane filtration test system. The flow rate of the system is 70L/h, and the membrane surface pressure is 10 bar.
Test feed stock solution containing 120 ppm Ni+，150 ppm Cu2+，150 ppm Cr6+The stock solution had a pH of 3.5 and a temperature of 40 ℃. All nanofiltration membranes prepared in the examples were tested under the same conditions.
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows performance test data of the nanofiltration composite membrane prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Example 3
Preparing a middle transition supporting layer, putting 100 g of organic polyacrylonitrile into 900g N, stirring and dissolving in N-dimethylformamide, and defoaming to obtain a middle transition supporting layer membrane solution. And quantitatively coating the intermediate layer membrane liquid on the non-woven fabric, and evaporating to remove the solvent to form the intermediate layer. 70g of polyethyleneimine, 30g of poly (4-styrenesulfanilamide) ammonium salt and 1% of vinylpyrrolidone are dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide to form a colloidal raw material, and defoaming is performed to obtain the composite layer membrane solution. And quantitatively coating the composite layer film liquid on the intermediate layer, and performing crosslinking dosage of 80kGy by using electron beam illumination. And immersing the crosslinked film into pure water for solidification. Polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt is dissolved in pure water to prepare 0.6 wt% polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution with pH value of 3. Polyelectrolyte poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) is dissolved in pure water, the pH value of the solution is 10, and a 0.6 wt% poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution is obtained. The prepared polyethyleneimine-poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane is firstly immersed in polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution for 10 seconds to form a first layer of polyelectrolyte coating. Subsequently, the solution was dipped into the poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution for 10 seconds. Subsequently, the solution was dipped in polyelectrolyte poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride solution in turn for 15 seconds each, and the procedure was repeated 7 times. Subsequently, electron irradiation 80kGy crosslinking was performed again. And then drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane.
The performance of the polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite membrane prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is detected.
The prepared polyelectrolyte coating composite ultrafiltration membrane polyethyleneimine and poly (4-styrene sulfonamide) ammonium salt composite nanofiltration membrane is cut into an effective area of 38.5 cm2The raw sheet of (a), was tested using a membrane filtration test system. The flow rate of the system is 70L/h, and the membrane surface pressure is 10 bar.
Test feed stock solution containing 120 ppm Ni+，150 ppm Cu2+，150 ppm Cr6+The stock solution had a pH of 3.5 and a temperature of 40 ℃. All nanofiltration membranes prepared in the examples were tested under the same conditions.
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows performance test data of the nanofiltration composite membrane prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention.
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Water flux (L/m)2.h） | 55 | 47 | 38 |
| Rejection rate Ni+（ppm） | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Rejection rate Cu2+（ppm） | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.08 |
| Rejection rate Cr6+（ppm） | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.05 |
While the present invention has been described in detail with respect to a polyelectrolyte-coated nanofiltration composite membrane for treatment of electroplating wastewater, and a method for preparing the same, and applications of the same, the present invention is described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to facilitate understanding of the methods of the present invention and their core concepts, including the best mode, and to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any combination of the methods. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A nanofiltration composite membrane, comprising a base membrane;
an intermediate transition support film layer compounded on the base film;
an active film layer compounded on the intermediate transition support film layer;
a polyelectrolyte coating compounded on the active membrane layer;
the active film layer comprises a polyethyleneimine and poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone) copolymerization active film layer;
the polyelectrolyte coating comprises a negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating compounded on the active membrane layer and a positively charged polyelectrolyte coating compounded on the negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating;
the negatively charged polyelectrolyte comprises poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt;
the positively-charged polyelectrolyte includes polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
2. The nanofiltration composite membrane according to claim 1, wherein the base membrane comprises a non-woven base membrane;
the middle transition support film layer comprises a polyacrylonitrile middle transition support film layer;
the polyelectrolyte coating and the active membrane layer are compounded through electrostatic adsorption.
3. The nanofiltration composite membrane according to claim 2, wherein the non-woven fabric base film comprises a polyethylene terephthalate non-woven fabric base film and/or a polyimide non-woven fabric base film;
the thickness of the base film is 140-160 mu m;
the thickness of the middle transition support film layer is 70-120 mu m;
the thickness of the active film layer is 0.5-10 mu m;
the thickness of the polyelectrolyte coating is 0.05-0.20 mu m;
the polyelectrolyte coating comprises a plurality of groups of negatively charged polyelectrolyte coatings and positively charged polyelectrolyte coatings which are alternately compounded in sequence;
the number of the multiple groups is 2-10 groups.
4. The nanofiltration composite membrane according to claim 2, wherein the molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile is 85000 to 150000;
the aperture of the polyacrylonitrile intermediate transition support film layer is 0.05-0.1 mu m;
the molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine is 10000-30000;
the molecular weight of the poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone) is 20000-300000.
5. The nanofiltration composite membrane according to claim 2, wherein the pore size of the nanofiltration composite membrane is 1 to 3 nm;
the water flux of the nanofiltration composite membrane is 35-60L/m2·h；
Ni of the nanofiltration composite membrane+The retention rate of (A) is more than or equal to 99.5%;
cu of the nanofiltration composite membrane2+The retention rate of (A) is more than or equal to 99.5%;
cr of the nanofiltration composite membrane6+The retention rate of (A) is not less than 99.65%.
6. The nanofiltration composite membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the preparation method of the nanofiltration composite membrane comprises the following steps:
1) mixing polyacrylonitrile and a first solvent to obtain an intermediate membrane liquid, and coating the intermediate membrane liquid on a base membrane to obtain a carrier compounded with an intermediate membrane;
2) mixing polyethyleneimine, poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy lactone), vinylpyrrolidone and a second solvent again to obtain a cross-linked composite membrane liquid, coating the cross-linked composite membrane liquid on an intermediate membrane of the carrier obtained in the step, and solidifying after electron beam irradiation cross-linking to obtain a nanofiltration membrane carrier;
3) and (3) immersing the nanofiltration membrane carrier obtained in the step into a poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution, taking out the nanofiltration membrane carrier, immersing the nanofiltration membrane carrier into a poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) solution again, and then crosslinking the nanofiltration membrane carrier again through electron beam illumination to obtain the nanofiltration composite membrane.
7. The nanofiltration composite membrane according to claim 6, wherein the first solvent comprises one or more of butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide;
the mass ratio of the polyacrylonitrile to the first solvent is (15-25): 100;
the mass ratio of the polyacrylonitrile to the base film is (30-60): 100, respectively;
the step of removing the solvent is also included after the coating;
the second solvent comprises one or more of butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide;
the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the base film is (2-15): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the poly (methacrylic acid-2-hydroxylactone) is (15-40): 100.
8. the nanofiltration composite membrane according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the vinylpyrrolidone is (1-3): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the second solvent is (1-5): 100, respectively;
the irradiation crosslinking time of the electron beam is 3-15 seconds;
the radiation dose of the electron beam irradiation crosslinking is 50-90 KGy;
the coagulation comprises water bath coagulation;
the solidification time is 5-10 minutes.
9. The nanofiltration composite membrane according to claim 6, wherein the mass concentration of the poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution is (0.1-1): 100, respectively;
the pH value of the poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt solution is 3-3.5;
the immersion time is 5-30 seconds;
the mass concentration of the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution is (0.1-1): 100, respectively;
the pH value of the poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride solution is 10-10.5;
the secondary immersion time is 5-30 seconds;
the step of sequentially and alternately immersing the solution of poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) ammonium salt and the solution of poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride after the second immersion;
the number of the groups which are alternately immersed comprises 1-10 groups;
the single immersion time in the alternate immersion is 5-30 seconds.
10. The nanofiltration composite membrane of any one of claims 1 to 9, for use in the field of electroplating wastewater treatment.
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