CN111025060B - Testing method of grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine - Google Patents

Testing method of grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine Download PDF

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CN111025060B
CN111025060B CN201911278535.4A CN201911278535A CN111025060B CN 111025060 B CN111025060 B CN 111025060B CN 201911278535 A CN201911278535 A CN 201911278535A CN 111025060 B CN111025060 B CN 111025060B
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inverse control
power
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CN111025060A (en
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孙玉树
李宁宁
裴玮
张国伟
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract

The invention relates to a testing method of a grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, which adopts a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform for testing, wherein the established digital-analog hybrid simulation platform mainly comprises an RT-LAB and a power amplifier. A power system simulation model is built in an RT-LAB simulator, one node is subjected to voltage amplification through a power amplifier, an interface is provided for an actual device, the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is connected to the power amplifier, and the performance of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is tested by simulating the running conditions of the power system such as steady state, transient state and the like.

Description

Testing method of grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing method of a grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, and belongs to the field of renewable energy power generation.
Background
Due to the increasing environmental pollution caused by the large consumption of fossil energy, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic energy, wind power and the like are bound to be the basis of future energy structures as effective ways for solving the problems of fossil energy and environment. With the rapid development of renewable energy sources, the updating of related devices such as the inverse control all-in-one machine and the like is driven.
At present, equipment such as a conventional photovoltaic inverter is mainly tested based on commercial power or a power grid simulator, but the running condition of an actual power system is difficult to simulate, and the testing precision of the equipment is reduced. Moreover, for devices such as a reverse control all-in-one machine, the current research mainly focuses on the research of a topological structure, and the research on a test method is less.
Chinese patent 201821407645.7 discloses a photovoltaic inversion control integrated machine for hybrid power energy storage, which comprises a cabinet body, wherein an electric control bin, a control bin and a battery bin are arranged in the cabinet body, an inverter and a transformer are installed in the electric control bin, a refrigerating sheet is installed between the inverter and the transformer, a voltage sensor is installed on the upper side of the refrigerating sheet, an exhaust fan and an ion fan are respectively installed on the two side surfaces of the electric control bin, the exhaust fan and the ion fan respectively penetrate through the side surfaces of the cabinet body, a groove is formed in the outer wall of one side of the ion fan, a binding post and a socket are fixedly installed in the groove, a main switch and a PLC controller are installed in the control bin, and a battery pack is installed in the battery bin; the dust collector is started through the ion fan, positive and negative ions are driven to diffuse in the electric control bin, dust is enabled to reduce adsorption capacity, the electric control bin is discharged by the exhaust fan, dust is conveniently and automatically removed, and the dust collector is wide in application range, so that the problem that the dust enters the interior of equipment and affects normal operation of a power system is solved. The invention mainly introduces the internal structure of the inverse control all-in-one machine.
Chinese patent 201820984404.2 discloses a solar reverse control all-in-one machine heat dissipation structure, which comprises a casing, wherein both ends of the casing are provided with first heat dissipation channels, the inside of the first heat dissipation channels is connected with a first heat dissipation fan through a connecting plate, the side surface of the casing is provided with a second heat dissipation channel, the inside of the second heat dissipation channels is connected with a second heat dissipation fan through a connecting plate, the wall of the casing is internally provided with a mounting groove, a condenser pipe is arranged in the mounting groove, one end of the condenser pipe is connected with a circulating pump through a pipeline, the solar reverse control all-in-one machine heat dissipation structure can carry out air cooling operation by controlling the work of the first heat dissipation fan and the second heat dissipation fan, can carry out water cooling operation by controlling the work of the circulating pump and a refrigerator, and can be used in combination with air cooling, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation effect and avoiding the overhigh temperature inside the casing, thereby prolonging the service life of the whole. The invention mainly introduces a heat dissipation structure of the inverse control all-in-one machine, and does not mention the test of the inverse control all-in-one machine.
In a word, in the prior art, no special test method exists for the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, the test range of the conventional test method is not comprehensive enough, and the test precision is sometimes low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems: the testing method of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine overcomes the defects of the prior art, can simulate the running condition of an actual power system, and has comprehensive performance testing and high precision on the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a testing method of a grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine adopts a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform for testing, and the established digital-analog hybrid simulation platform mainly comprises an RT-LAB and a power amplifier. And building a power system simulation model in an RT-LAB simulator, and performing voltage amplification on one node through a power amplifier to provide an interface for an actual device. And (3) connecting the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine into a power amplifier, and testing the performance of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine by simulating the running conditions of the power system, such as steady state, transient state and the like.
The digital-analog hybrid simulation platform mainly comprises an RT-LAB and a power amplifier; a simulator in the RT-LAB can build a system model according to actual requirements, and the system model can be a standard power system model or an actual power system model; the RT-LAB is also provided with an acquisition device and communication interfaces such as a board card, an Ethernet and a serial port, can acquire information such as voltage and current of the test equipment and transmit the information back to the simulator through the board card, and the simulator can also control the running state of the inverse control all-in-one machine through the communication interfaces such as the Ethernet. The power amplifier is an interface of the system model and the testing device, and the voltage of the power amplifier can change along with the change of the node voltage in the system model, so that the grid-connected performance of the inverse control all-in-one machine is tested.
And the performance test of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is carried out based on the operation environment of a simulation power system. And testing the performances of communication, conversion efficiency, current harmonic, power factor, power grid adaptability, short-circuit protection, low-voltage ride through, overload capacity, over/under voltage protection and the like of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine.
1) Communication test
The inverse control all-in-one machine generally has communication modes such as RS485, RS232 and Ethernet, the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform also has a corresponding communication interface, the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform sends commands such as starting, shutting down and operating power to the inverse control all-in-one machine by communication, and then observes whether the inverse control all-in-one machine operates according to the commands.
2) Conversion efficiency test
Firstly, regulating the voltage at the direct current side to be the maximum value, and regulating the voltage at the simulation platform side to be a rated value;
decreasing the operation according to 10 percent of rated power;
measuring active power of an alternating current side and an alternating current side by using a power analyzer, wherein the conversion efficiency is the ratio of the input active power of the direct current side to the output active power of the alternating current side.
And fourthly, adjusting the direct current side voltage to be a middle value and a minimum value respectively, repeating the process, and calculating the corresponding conversion efficiency.
3) Current harmonic testing
Firstly, operating the inverse control all-in-one machine at the minimum power, then increasing by 10 percent of rated power, and continuously measuring for 10 minutes each time;
calculating effective values of the current harmonic subgroups, and calculating square root values of 15 effective values of the current harmonic subgroups within 3 s;
thirdly, calculating the root mean square value of each 3s current harmonic subgroup contained in 10 minutes;
recording the current harmonic subgroup to the 50 th time, thereby calculating the total distortion rate, namely the current harmonic;
4) power factor test
The output active power of the inverse control all-in-one machine is set to be 50% of the rated value, the power factor of the inverse control all-in-one machine is adjusted to be 0.98 (leading or lagging), and the power factor value achieved under the active power is recorded by using the power quality analyzer.
5) Power grid adaptability test
And adjusting the alternating current side of the inverse control all-in-one machine, namely the voltage and the frequency of the simulation platform, wherein the duration time of the voltage and the frequency at the maximum value and the minimum value is not less than 1min, wherein the maximum value of the voltage is 110% of the rated voltage, the minimum value of the voltage is 90% of the rated voltage, the maximum value of the frequency is 51.5Hz, and the minimum value of the frequency is 47.5 Hz. And observing whether the inverse control integrated machine can keep normal operation.
6) Fault protection testing
When the power grid side has faults such as short circuit and the like, the inverse control all-in-one machine executes anti-islanding protection and observes whether the machine is stopped within 2s after the faults occur.
7) Low voltage ride through test
Firstly, setting faults by using a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform, so that a system can realize voltage drop, and at least comprises 5 drop points, wherein the drop points comprise 0% and 20% of rated voltage, and other points are distributed in three intervals of (20% -50%), (50% -75%) and (75% -85%) of the rated voltage, and the fault time is set to be 0.6s when the voltage drops, and is set to be 2s by other modes;
and secondly, testing whether the inverse control integrated machine can realize the function of passing through the fault, namely, keeping the network from being disconnected within the fault time.
8) Overload capability test
Firstly, controlling the voltage at the alternating current side of the inverse control all-in-one machine to be a rated value, and controlling the current at the alternating current side to be 110% of the rated value, and keeping for 10 minutes;
and secondly, controlling the voltage at the alternating current side of the inverse control all-in-one machine to be a rated value, controlling the current at the alternating current side to be 120% of the rated value, and keeping for 1 minute.
And thirdly, observing whether the inverse control integrated machine can ensure normal operation.
9) Over/under voltage protection test
The over/under voltage protection test includes a direct current side over/under voltage protection and an alternating current side over/under voltage protection test.
Testing over/under voltage protection of a direct current side: by adjusting the voltage of the photovoltaic simulator, namely adjusting the voltage of the direct current side of the inverse control all-in-one machine, when the voltage is higher than the maximum value of the voltage of the direct current side in operation or lower than the minimum value of the voltage of the direct current side in operation, the inverse control all-in-one machine is not started; and for the started inverse control all-in-one machine, the machine is stopped within 0.1 s. And when the voltage at the direct current side is recovered to the allowable working range of the inverse control all-in-one machine, namely +/-10% of the rated voltage, the inverse control all-in-one machine is normally started.
Secondly, an over/under voltage protection test at the alternating current side: the voltage of a power grid is adjusted by utilizing a real-time simulation test platform, namely the voltage of the alternating current side of the inverse control all-in-one machine is adjusted, and when the voltage is higher than the maximum value of the voltage of the alternating current side in operation or lower than the minimum value of the voltage of the alternating current side in operation, the inverse control all-in-one machine is not started; and for the started inverse control all-in-one machine, the machine is stopped within 0.1 s. And when the voltage at the alternating current side is recovered to the working range allowed by the inverse control all-in-one machine, namely +/-10% of the rated voltage, the inverse control all-in-one machine is normally started.
10) Grid-connected performance test
The photovoltaic simulator is used for simulating the power output of actual photovoltaic, the inverse control all-in-one machine is merged into a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform, and the influence of photovoltaic access on system frequency and voltage is analyzed, so that the grid-connected characteristic of the inverse control all-in-one machine is tested.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: compared with the conventional test method based on the public power grid or the power grid simulator, the test method has the advantages that the test performance is higher, and the test precision is higher;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Kinzhai gold light 03 line system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates information such as power factor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing information such as current THD according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is detailed information of the 2 to 50 harmonics in the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the maximum conversion efficiency of the inversion control integrated machine of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of voltage and current waveforms for a low voltage ride through in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a standard curve for low voltage ride through in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the effect of different permeability photovoltaics on digital subsystem frequency in the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the effect of different permeability photovoltaics of the present invention on digital subsystem voltage.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform of the invention mainly comprises an RT-LAB and a power amplifier, wherein a physical subsystem is a grid-connected inverse control integrated machine, and the rated power of the integrated machine is 3 kW. The digital subsystem is a power system simulation model.
The method comprises the following concrete implementation processes:
(1) the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform converts a node voltage signal in the digital subsystem, namely a digital signal D, into an analog signal A, transmits the analog signal A to the power amplifier, and the power amplifier provides an operating voltage environment for the physical subsystem, so that the normal operation of the physical subsystem is ensured;
(2) and the sensing measurement equipment is used for acquiring information such as operating voltage, current and the like of the physical subsystem, and the digital signal is converted into an analog signal through the board card and transmitted back to the digital subsystem.
Fig. 2 is a golden village golden light 03 line electrical network system established based on RT-LAB, namely a digital subsystem, wherein a node 57 is a grid-connected point of an inverse control all-in-one machine.
When the grid-connected power is 3000W, the current THD is measured to be 2.1%, and the power factor is measured to be 1, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. Where details of the 2 to 50 harmonics are shown in fig. 5, column 1 is the total harmonic value followed by the corresponding values for the 2 to 50 harmonics.
The inverse control all-in-one machine is under different power, and the efficiency is measured as shown in table 1. With the maximum efficiency shown in figure 6.
TABLE 1 inverse control all-in-one machine efficiency under different powers
Grid-connected power/kW 0.3123 0.6312 0.8007 0.9091 1.5545 2.2471 3.1151
Efficiency/%) 94.99 96.31 96.58 97.06 97.17 97.27 97.15
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of the inverse control all-in-one machine for low voltage ride through voltage and current, when the voltage of the power grid changes according to the waveform of fig. 8, the inverse control all-in-one machine does not disconnect from the power grid, and can send out reactive power to assist the voltage recovery of the power grid when the voltage drops.
FIG. 9 is a frequency simulation result at 5% and 10% permeability, showing that the system frequency at 5% photovoltaic permeability is greater than 10% of the system frequency; and when the permeability is 10%, the frequency oscillation is caused in the process from grid disconnection to grid connection of the photovoltaic, and when the permeability is 5%, the system stably enters a grid connection state, so that the system frequency fluctuation caused when the permeability is 10% of the photovoltaic is large. Fig. 10 reflects the influence of 5% and 10% permeability on the system voltage, and the system voltage fluctuation amplitude at 5% is 0.01865, and the system voltage fluctuation amplitude at 10% is 0.02711, and it can be seen that the system voltage fluctuation caused at 10% is large. With the change of the photovoltaic permeability, the inverse control all-in-one machine always keeps normal operation, so that the grid-connected performance is good.

Claims (4)

1. A testing method of a grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform for testing, wherein the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform consists of an RT-LAB and a power amplifier, a power system simulation model is established in a simulator of the RT-LAB, and a bus node in the power system simulation model is subjected to voltage amplification through the power amplifier to provide an interface for a grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine;
(2) accessing the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine into a power amplifier, and performing performance tests on the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine by simulating steady-state and transient-state operation conditions of a power system through RT-LAB, wherein the performance tests comprise communication, conversion efficiency, current harmonic waves, power factors, power grid adaptability, short-circuit protection, low-voltage ride through, overload capacity, over/under voltage protection and grid-connected performance tests;
the conversion efficiency test is as follows:
firstly, regulating the voltage on the direct current side to be the maximum value, and regulating the voltage on the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform to be a rated value;
decreasing the operation according to 10 percent of rated power;
measuring active power of an alternating current side and an alternating current side by using a power analyzer, wherein the conversion efficiency is the ratio of the input active power of the direct current side to the output active power of the alternating current side;
fourthly, adjusting the direct current side voltage to be a middle value and a minimum value respectively, repeating the process, and calculating corresponding conversion efficiency;
the current harmonics test as follows:
firstly, operating the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine at the minimum power, then increasing the power by 10 percent of the rated power, and continuously measuring for 10 minutes each time;
calculating effective values of the current harmonic subgroups, and calculating square root values of 15 effective values of the current harmonic subgroups within 3 s;
thirdly, calculating the root mean square value of each 3s current harmonic subgroup contained in 10 minutes;
recording the current harmonic subgroup to the 50 th time, and calculating the total distortion rate, namely the current harmonic;
the power factor test is as follows: setting the output active power of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine to be 50% of a rated value, adjusting the power factor to be 0.98, namely leading or lagging, and recording the power factor value reached under the active power by using an electric energy quality analyzer;
the power grid adaptability test comprises the following steps:
adjusting the alternating current side of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, namely the voltage and the frequency of the simulation platform, wherein the duration time of the voltage and the frequency between the maximum value and the minimum value is not less than 1min, the maximum value of the voltage is 110% of the rated voltage, the minimum value of the voltage is 90% of the rated voltage, the maximum value of the frequency is 51.5Hz, and the minimum value of the frequency is 47.5Hz, and judging whether the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine can keep normal operation or not;
the short-circuit protection test is as follows: when a short-circuit fault occurs on the side of a power grid, the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine executes anti-islanding protection, whether the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is stopped within 2s after the fault occurs is judged, and if the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is stopped, the anti-islanding protection performance is good; if the machine is not stopped, the safety of the public and maintenance personnel and the quality of power supply are damaged;
the low voltage ride through test is as follows:
firstly, setting faults by using a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform, enabling a power system simulation model to realize voltage drop, wherein the voltage drop at least comprises 5 drop points, the drop points comprise 0% and 20% of rated voltage, other points are distributed in three intervals of 20% -50%, 50% -75% and 75% -85% of the rated voltage, the fault time is set to be 0.6s when 75% -85% of the voltage drops, and the total fault time is set to be 2 s;
whether the grid-connected test inverse control integrated machine can realize the function of passing through the fault is judged, namely, the grid-connected test inverse control integrated machine does not disconnect within the fault time;
the overload capability test
Firstly, controlling the alternating-current side voltage of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine to be a rated value, and keeping the alternating-current side current to be 110% of the rated value for 10 minutes;
secondly, controlling the alternating-current side voltage of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine to be a rated value, and keeping the alternating-current side current to be 120% of the rated value for 1 minute;
judging whether the grid-connected inverse control integrated machine can ensure normal operation;
the over/under voltage protection test comprises the following steps: testing over/under voltage protection at the direct current side and over/under voltage protection at the alternating current side;
testing over/under voltage protection of a direct current side: by adjusting the voltage of the photovoltaic simulator, namely adjusting the voltage of the direct current side of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, when the voltage is higher than the maximum value of the voltage of the direct current side in operation or lower than the minimum value of the voltage of the direct current side in operation, the inverse control all-in-one machine is not started; for the started grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, the machine is stopped within 0.1s, and when the voltage of the direct current side is recovered to the working range allowed by the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, namely +/-10% of rated voltage, the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is normally started;
secondly, an over/under voltage protection test at the alternating current side: the voltage of a power grid is adjusted by using a real-time simulation test platform, namely the voltage of the alternating current side of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is adjusted, and when the voltage is higher than the maximum value of the voltage of the alternating current side of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine in operation or lower than the minimum value of the voltage of the alternating current side of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine in operation, the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is not started; for the started inverse control all-in-one machine, the machine is stopped within 0.1 s; and when the voltage at the alternating current side is recovered to the working range allowed by the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine, namely +/-10% of the rated voltage, the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is normally started.
2. The testing method of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power system simulation model in the step (1) is a standard power system model or an actual power system model; the RT-LAB is also provided with an acquisition device, a board card with a data transmission function and a communication interface, acquires voltage and current information of the inverse control all-in-one machine and transmits the voltage and current information back to the simulator through the board card, and the simulator controls the running state of the inverse control all-in-one machine through the communication interface; the power amplifier is an interface of the system model and the testing device, and the voltage of the power amplifier can change along with the change of the node voltage in the power system model, so that the performance of the inverse control all-in-one machine is tested.
3. The grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the communication test is to test the RS485, RS232 and Ethernet communication modes of the grid-connected inverse control integrated machine, the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform is also provided with a corresponding communication interface, the digital-analog hybrid simulation platform sends commands to the inverse control integrated machine by utilizing communication, the commands comprise starting, shutting down and running power, and then whether the grid-connected inverse control integrated machine runs according to the commands is judged.
4. The grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grid connection performance test comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic simulator is used for simulating the power output of actual photovoltaic, the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is merged into a digital-analog hybrid simulation platform, and the influence of photovoltaic access on the system frequency and voltage is judged, so that the grid-connected characteristic of the grid-connected inverse control all-in-one machine is tested.
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