CN111025017A - Ultrasonic guided wave-based plum blossom contact state evaluation method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic guided wave-based plum blossom contact state evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic guided wave based evaluation method for the contact state of a tulip contact, which comprises the following steps: based on different contact states of the tulip contact, measuring the contact resistance in each contact state through a resistance measuring device, and dividing a standard for measuring the contact state grade of the tulip contact by using the numerical value of the contact resistance; after the contact resistance is measured, an ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform is set up, and ultrasonic guided wave signals propagating through the tulip contact are sampled and analyzed; carrying out statistical modeling by utilizing contact resistance measurement and ultrasonic guided wave signal experimental data to construct a correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave; and reversely solving the contact resistance by utilizing the ultrasonic guided wave based on the correlation model. The method has very important significance in the research aspect of evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact, and solves the problem of evaluating the contact state of the contact in the situation that the resistance cannot be directly measured or the electrical contact state cannot be directly observed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plum blossom contact state research, in particular to an ultrasonic guided wave-based plum blossom contact state evaluation method.
Background
In recent years, power systems are continuously developing towards high voltage and large capacity, and are closely connected with production activities of people. The electric equipment realizes the connection and disconnection of the electrical connection through the relative displacement between the butt-joint contacts. Because the electrical equipment is in a running state for a long time, the contact of the electrical equipment can be corroded due to arc ablation and mechanical abrasion, and poor contact can occur. Poor contact of contacts of the power equipment can cause the increase of contact resistance, and meanwhile, the alternating current skin effect further deteriorates the contact, generates a large amount of heat energy and greatly threatens the power system and personal safety.
At present, the state of the contact is mainly detected by detection means such as loop resistance test, vibration detection, temperature monitoring and the like, but the detection means have certain defects. For example, the loop resistance test is only suitable for power failure inspection, the vibration detection is easily affected by external interference factors, and the temperature monitoring can only detect the temperature of the shell of the electrical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop further research on scientific evaluation of the contact state of the contact. In recent years, nondestructive testing technology is widely applied to structural condition inspection, and various scholars at home and abroad research the nondestructive testing technology. In the aspect of ultrasonic guided wave detection technology, ultrasonic guided wave signals are analyzed and processed, and the component is subjected to flaw detection according to characteristic values on waveform signals, so that the running state of the power equipment is evaluated. The ultrasonic guided wave detection technology can be used for rapidly and comprehensively detecting the components, effectively solves the problem of the limitation of a totally-enclosed structure of power equipment, directly judges the contact state of a contact, and cannot influence the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, a method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on ultrasonic guided waves is urgently needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of evaluating the contact state of a contact in the situation that the resistance cannot be directly measured or the electrical contact state cannot be directly observed in the prior art, and provides an evaluation method of the contact state of a tulip contact based on ultrasonic guided waves, wherein the evaluation method simulates different contact states of the tulip contact by adjusting the insertion depth and the angle between the tulip contact and a fixed contact; based on different contact states of the tulip contact, the contact resistance in each contact state is measured respectively, and an ultrasonic guided wave signal which is transmitted through the tulip contact is sampled and analyzed by using an ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform; and constructing a correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave by using the contact resistance measurement and the ultrasonic guided wave signal experimental data, and reversely solving the contact resistance by using the ultrasonic guided wave.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
an evaluation method of a plum blossom contact state based on ultrasonic guided waves comprises the following steps:
s1, simulating different contact states of the tulip contact by adjusting the insertion depth and the angle between the tulip contact and the fixed contact;
s2, respectively measuring contact resistance in each contact state based on different contact states of the tulip contact;
s3, sampling and analyzing the ultrasonic guided wave signals transmitted through the tulip contact by using an ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform;
s4, carrying out statistical modeling by utilizing contact resistance measurement and ultrasonic guided wave signal experimental data, and constructing a correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave;
and S5, reversely solving the contact resistance by using the ultrasonic guided waves, and deducing the contact state of the tulip contact.
Further, in step S1, the insertion depth and the insertion angle between the tulip contact and the fixed contact are adjusted to simulate different contact states of at least four tulip contacts, and the insertion depth and the insertion angle corresponding to each contact state are recorded;
wherein, the different contact status of plum blossom contact includes: (1) not contacting: the plum blossom contact is separated from the static contact, (2) contact failure: the meshing size of the plum blossom contact and the static contact is 0-5 mm, the insertion angle is not 0, (3) the contact is general: the size of the plum blossom contact and the static contact is 5-15 mm, the insertion angle is 0, (4) the contact is good: the meshing size of the plum blossom contact and the static contact is 15-25 mm, and the insertion angle is 0;
further, in step S2, based on different contact states of the tulip contact, the resistance measuring device is used to measure the dc resistance of the contact portion of the tulip contact, the contact states of the tulip contact are divided into different levels according to the magnitude of the dc resistance, and the dc resistance of the contact portion of the tulip contact is used as a standard for measuring the contact state of the tulip contact.
Further, in step S2, the two ends of the resistance measuring device should be as close to the two sides of the tulip contact as possible, so that the measured value is close to the actual contact resistance.
Further, in step S2, based on the different contact states of the tulip contact, utilize the ultrasonic guided wave to detect the experiment platform and carry out ultrasonic guided wave detection on the experiment sample that is formed by the contact arm, the tulip contact and the static contact, and store the waveform data through the contact end face of the tulip contact, wherein, the tulip contact include excitation end and receiving end, the excitation end is fixed to be arranged on the surface of the contact arm, the receiving end is fixed to be arranged on the surface of the static contact, to the tulip contact of different contact states, the size that excitation end, receiving end are apart from the contact end face of the tulip contact should remain unchanged.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic guided wave excitation type selects a continuous Hanning window with the frequency of 100kHz to modulate sine waves, and the ultrasonic guided wave detection of the tulip contact in different contact states adopts a 'one-sending-one-receiving' mode.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic guided wave detection experimental platform consists of a receiving ultrasonic probe, a data acquisition card, a computer, a waveform generator, a voltage amplifier and an exciting ultrasonic probe which are sequentially arranged, wherein the computer excites ultrasonic guided waves with appointed waveforms, amplitudes and frequencies by controlling the waveform generator and processes signal data acquired by the data acquisition board; the voltage amplifier amplifies the ultrasonic guided wave signal; the excitation ultrasonic probe is used for injecting the ultrasonic guided waves into the experimental sample, and the receiving ultrasonic probe is used for receiving the ultrasonic guided waves in the experimental sample; the data acquisition card is used for acquiring ultrasonic guided wave signal data and sending the ultrasonic guided wave signal data to the computer for processing.
Furthermore, the contact end surfaces of the excitation ultrasonic probe and the receiving ultrasonic probe are provided with certain radians to ensure that the contact end surfaces are respectively matched with the surfaces of the static contact and the contact arm, and the contact end surfaces of the excitation ultrasonic probe and the receiving ultrasonic probe and the contact end surfaces of the static contact and the contact arm are uniformly coated with coupling agents to reduce the loss of ultrasonic guided waves.
Further, in step S4, obtaining multiple sets of experimental data by measuring and recording the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave measurement results in the contact state of the multiple tulip contacts, performing time domain and frequency domain analysis processing on the ultrasonic guided wave signal at the receiving end, and extracting the characteristic attributes of the ultrasonic guided wave; performing fitting training on the characteristic attributes of the ultrasonic guided waves and corresponding contact resistance measured values, wherein the construction form is f ═ a · eb·RAnd c, a correlation model of the measured contact resistance and the characteristic properties of the ultrasonic guided waves, wherein f is the characteristic properties of the ultrasonic guided waves, R is the measured value of the contact resistance, a, b and c are constant parameters obtained through fitting, and e is a natural constant, wherein the characteristic properties of the ultrasonic guided waves comprise peak-to-peak values, short-time energy and zero crossing rate.
Further, in step S5, the magnitude of the contact resistance of the tulip contact is reversely solved by extracting the characteristic f of the receiving end signal according to the correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave and using the inverse function R ═ ln [ (f-c)/a ]/b of the correlation model, and the contact state of the tulip contact is estimated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention utilizes the waveform data of the ultrasonic guided waves to represent the contact state of the tulip contact, and realizes the evaluation of the contact state of the contact on the occasion that the resistance cannot be directly measured or the electrical contact state cannot be directly observed. The invention has wide application range and is suitable for detecting various electric contact states of electric equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an evaluation flow chart of an evaluation method of a plum blossom contact state based on ultrasonic guided waves, which is disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows the contact resistance measurement range and the ultrasonic guided wave detection range of the tulip contact in different contact states in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment discloses an evaluation method of a plum blossom contact state based on ultrasonic guided waves. The evaluation method comprises the steps of simulating different contact states of the tulip contact, measuring contact resistance of the tulip contact under the different contact states, detecting ultrasonic guided waves of the tulip contact under the different contact states and establishing a contact resistance and ultrasonic guided wave correlation model.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, simulating different contact states of the tulip contact by adjusting the insertion depth and the angle between the tulip contact and the fixed contact;
in step S1, the insertion depth and the insertion angle between the tulip contact and the fixed contact are adjusted to simulate different contact states of at least four tulip contacts, and the insertion depth and the insertion angle corresponding to each contact state are recorded.
Wherein, the different contact status of plum blossom contact includes: (1) not contacting: the tulip contact is separated from the fixed contact; (2) poor contact: the meshing size of the plum blossom-shaped contact and the static contact is 0-5 mm, and the insertion angle is not 0; (3) the contact is generally: the meshing size of the plum blossom contact and the static contact is 5-15 mm, and the insertion angle is 0; (4) the contact is good: the meshing size of the plum blossom contact and the static contact is 15-25 mm, and the insertion angle is 0;
s2, respectively measuring contact resistance in each contact state based on different contact states of the tulip contact;
in step S2, based on the different contact states of the tulip contact, the dc resistance of the contact portion of the tulip contact is measured by the resistance measuring device. As shown in fig. 3, the two ends of the resistance measuring device should be as close to the two sides of the tulip contact as possible, so that the measured value is close to the actual contact resistance. And dividing the contact state of the tulip contact into different grades according to the numerical value of the contact resistance, and taking the contact resistance as a standard for measuring the contact state of the tulip contact.
S3, sampling and analyzing the ultrasonic guided wave signals transmitted through the tulip contact by using an ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform;
as shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic guided wave detection experimental platform mainly comprises a computer, a waveform generator, a voltage amplifier, an excitation ultrasonic probe, a receiving ultrasonic probe and a data acquisition card. The computer excites the ultrasonic guided wave with appointed waveform, amplitude and frequency by controlling the waveform generator, and processes the signal data collected by the data collecting board; the voltage amplifier amplifies the ultrasonic guided wave signal; the excitation ultrasonic probe is used for injecting the ultrasonic guided waves into the experimental sample, and the receiving ultrasonic probe is used for receiving the ultrasonic guided waves in the experimental sample; the data acquisition card is used for acquiring ultrasonic guided wave signal data and sending the ultrasonic guided wave signal data to the computer for processing. The contact end faces of the excitation ultrasonic probe and the receiving ultrasonic probe are required to have certain radians, so that the contact end faces can be ensured to be matched with the surfaces of the static contact and the contact arm. And the contact end surfaces of the excitation ultrasonic probe and the receiving ultrasonic probe, the contact end surfaces of the static contact and the contact arm are uniformly coated with coupling agents so as to reduce the loss of ultrasonic guided waves.
Based on different contact states of the tulip contact, the ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform is used for carrying out ultrasonic guided wave detection on an experiment sample (a contact arm, the tulip contact and a fixed contact), and storing waveform data passing through the contact end face of the tulip contact. The ultrasonic guided wave excitation type selects a continuous Hanning window with the frequency of 100kHz to modulate a sine wave, the quality factor is large, and the energy is more concentrated. Ultrasonic guided wave detection of the tulip contact in different contact states adopts a 'one-shot' mode, namely the tulip contact comprises an excitation end and a receiving end. The excitation end is fixedly arranged on the surface of the contact arm, and the receiving end is fixedly arranged on the surface of the static contact. For tulip contacts with different contact states, the distance between the excitation end and the receiving end and the contact end face of the tulip contact should be kept constant, as shown in fig. 3.
S4, carrying out statistical modeling by utilizing contact resistance measurement and ultrasonic guided wave signal experimental data, and constructing a correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave;
in step S4, multiple sets of experimental data are obtained by measuring and recording contact resistance and ultrasonic guided wave measurement results in multiple contact states of the tulip contact, time domain and frequency domain analysis processing is performed on the ultrasonic guided wave signal at the receiving end, characteristic attributes (such as peak value, short-time energy, zero crossing rate, etc.) of the ultrasonic guided wave are extracted, Matlab software is used to perform fitting training on the characteristic attributes (such as peak value, short-time energy, zero crossing rate, etc.) of the ultrasonic guided wave and corresponding contact resistance measurement values, and the construction form is f ═ a · e ·b·R+ c correlation model of measured contact resistance with characteristic properties of the guided ultrasound wave. Wherein f is the characteristic attributes (such as peak-to-peak value, short-time energy, zero crossing rate and the like) of the ultrasonic guided wave, R is the measured value of the contact resistance, a, b and c are constant parameters obtained through fitting, and e is a natural constant.
And S5, reversely solving the contact resistance by using the ultrasonic guided waves, and deducing the contact state of the tulip contact.
In step S5, the magnitude of the tulip contact resistance R is reversely solved by extracting the characteristic f of the receiving end signal based on the correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave and using the inverse function R ═ ln [ (f-c)/a ]/b of the correlation model, and the contact state of the tulip contact is estimated.
In summary, the present embodiment utilizes the waveform data of the ultrasonic guided waves to represent the contact state of the tulip contact, and solves the problem of evaluating the contact state of the contact on the occasion that the resistance cannot be directly measured or the electrical contact state cannot be directly observed. The plum blossom contact state assessment method based on ultrasonic guided waves is wide in practical application range and suitable for detecting various electric contact states of power equipment.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The plum blossom contact state evaluation method based on ultrasonic guided waves is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, simulating different contact states of the tulip contact by adjusting the insertion depth and the angle between the tulip contact and the fixed contact;
s2, respectively measuring contact resistance in each contact state based on different contact states of the tulip contact;
s3, sampling and analyzing the ultrasonic guided wave signals transmitted through the tulip contact by using an ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform;
s4, carrying out statistical modeling by utilizing contact resistance measurement and ultrasonic guided wave signal experimental data, and constructing a correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave;
and S5, reversely solving the contact resistance by using the ultrasonic guided waves, and deducing the contact state of the tulip contact.
2. The method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on the ultrasonic guided waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the simulation of different contact states of at least four tulip contacts is realized by adjusting the insertion depth and the insertion angle between the tulip contact and the static contact, and the insertion depth and the insertion angle corresponding to each contact state are recorded;
wherein, the different contact status of plum blossom contact includes: (1) not contacting: the plum blossom contact is separated from the static contact, (2) contact failure: the meshing size of the plum blossom contact and the static contact is 0-5 mm, the insertion angle is not 0, (3) the contact is general: the size of the plum blossom contact and the static contact is 5-15 mm, the insertion angle is 0, (4) the contact is good: the meshing size of the plum blossom-shaped contact and the static contact is 15-25 mm, and the insertion angle is 0.
3. The method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on the ultrasonic guided waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, based on different contact states of the tulip contact, the resistance measuring device is used to measure the dc resistance of the contact portion of the tulip contact, the contact state of the tulip contact is divided into different grades according to the value of the dc resistance, and the dc resistance of the contact portion of the tulip contact is used as a standard for measuring the contact state of the tulip contact.
4. The method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on the ultrasonic guided waves as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the two ends of the resistance measuring device should be as close to the two sides of the tulip contact as possible, so that the measured value is close to the actual contact resistance.
5. The method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on the ultrasonic guided wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, based on different contact states of the tulip contact, an ultrasonic guided wave detection experiment platform is used to perform ultrasonic guided wave detection on an experiment sample consisting of a contact arm, a tulip contact and a fixed contact, and waveform data passing through the contact end face of the tulip contact is stored, wherein the tulip contact comprises an excitation end and a receiving end, the excitation end is fixedly arranged on the surface of the contact arm, the receiving end is fixedly arranged on the surface of the fixed contact, and for the tulip contacts in different contact states, the distance between the excitation end and the receiving end and the contact end face of the tulip contact should be kept unchanged.
6. The ultrasonic guided wave-based evaluation method for the contact state of the tulip contact according to claim 5, wherein the ultrasonic guided wave excitation type selects a continuous Hanning window with the frequency of 100kHz to modulate a sine wave, and the ultrasonic guided wave detection of the tulip contact in different contact states adopts a 'one-shot-one-shot' mode.
7. The method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on the ultrasonic guided waves as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ultrasonic guided wave detection experimental platform is composed of a receiving ultrasonic probe, a data acquisition card, a computer, a waveform generator, a voltage amplifier and an excitation ultrasonic probe which are sequentially arranged, wherein the computer excites the ultrasonic guided waves with specified waveforms, amplitudes and frequencies by controlling the waveform generator and processes signal data acquired by the data acquisition board; the voltage amplifier amplifies the ultrasonic guided wave signal; the excitation ultrasonic probe is used for injecting the ultrasonic guided waves into the experimental sample, and the receiving ultrasonic probe is used for receiving the ultrasonic guided waves in the experimental sample; the data acquisition card is used for acquiring ultrasonic guided wave signal data and sending the ultrasonic guided wave signal data to the computer for processing.
8. The method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on the ultrasonic guided waves as claimed in claim 7, wherein the contact end surfaces of the excitation ultrasonic probe and the receiving ultrasonic probe have certain radians to ensure that the contact end surfaces are respectively matched with the surfaces of the static contact and the contact arm, and the contact end surfaces of the excitation ultrasonic probe and the receiving ultrasonic probe and the contact end surfaces of the static contact and the contact arm are uniformly coated with a coupling agent to reduce the loss of the ultrasonic guided waves.
9. The method for evaluating the contact state of the tulip contact based on the ultrasonic guided wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, a plurality of groups of experimental data are obtained by measuring and recording the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided wave measurement result in the contact state of the various tulip contacts, and the time domain and frequency domain analysis processing is performed on the ultrasonic guided wave signal at the receiving end to extract the characteristic attribute of the ultrasonic guided wave; performing fitting training on the characteristic attributes of the ultrasonic guided waves and corresponding contact resistance measured values, wherein the construction form is f ═ a · eb·R+ c correlation model of measured contact resistance and characteristic properties of the guided ultrasonic wave, where f is the guided ultrasonic waveThe characteristic attributes of the ultrasonic guided wave comprise a peak-to-peak value, short-time energy and zero crossing rate.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step S5, the magnitude of the tulip contact resistance is reversely solved by extracting the characteristic f of the receiving end signal according to the correlation model of the contact resistance and the ultrasonic guided waves and using an inverse function R ═ ln [ (f-c)/a ]/b of the correlation model, so as to infer the contact state of the tulip contact.
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