CN111014998A - Carburizing and quenching method for welding large gear - Google Patents
Carburizing and quenching method for welding large gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN111014998A CN111014998A CN201911297130.5A CN201911297130A CN111014998A CN 111014998 A CN111014998 A CN 111014998A CN 201911297130 A CN201911297130 A CN 201911297130A CN 111014998 A CN111014998 A CN 111014998A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a carburizing and quenching method for welding a large gear, which comprises the steps of firstly fixing a gear ring, a web, a hub and a rib plate in a spot welding manner, carrying out welding beveling treatment on the hub according to a U-shaped welding seam with a truncated edge, carrying out welding beveling treatment on the rib plate according to a single-side V-shaped welding seam with a truncated edge, and then carrying out symmetrical welding after distributing machining allowance; and then tempering the welded part, removing the residual welding slag, performing furnace carburization, completing the welding of the end face of the gear, returning the furnace again, dripping methanol and propane, cracking to obtain active carbon atoms, welding a steel pipe after quenching is completed, and finally performing flaw detection and shot blasting. The method improves the service performance of the parts, including improving the oxidation resistance, the corrosion resistance and the pressure resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a welding carburizing and quenching process, and particularly relates to a welding carburizing and quenching method for a large gear.
Background
Along with the development of large-scale low-speed heavy-load speed reducers for steel mills, mines and wharfs at home and abroad, in order to ensure the characteristics of hard outside and tough inside and impact resistance and wear resistance of tooth parts and reduce the manufacturing cost and the self weight of parts, the service life of the speed reducer is integrally prolonged, and more structures adopting welded gears are designed. The following are used until now: all the parts are combined and welded, and are subjected to furnace entering carburization treatment, the annular grooves on the two end faces are filled with fireproof asbestos, the parts are heated in a furnace entering, cooled in an oil pool and tempered at low temperature. The carburizing and quenching process has two risks: firstly, in the process of heating the welded gear integrally and putting the welded gear into an oil bath for quenching and cooling, because quenching oil cannot enter an inner cavity of the welded gear and the materials of a gear ring, a web plate, a steel pipe, a hub and a rib plate are different, the shrinkage rates are inconsistent, and the inconsistent internal and external cooling speeds can possibly cause the scrapping of parts with cracked welding seams; secondly, because a lot of air exists in fireproof asbestos gaps of grooves at two ends of the gear, uncontrollable fire behavior can be caused by combination of gas (about 840 ℃) sprayed at high temperature and a large amount of quenching oil at the moment that the welded gear enters an oil tank. The two risks of human non-intervention cause huge losses to enterprise units.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem of insufficient welding, carburizing and quenching process of large gears in the prior art, the invention provides a large gear welding, carburizing and quenching method.
The technical scheme is as follows: a carburizing and quenching method for welding a large gear comprises the welding of a gear ring, a web, a steel pipe, a hub and a rib plate, and comprises the following steps:
(1) performing welding beveling treatment on a gear ring, a web and a hub according to a U-shaped welding seam with a truncated edge, performing welding beveling treatment on a rib plate according to a V-shaped welding seam with a truncated edge and a single side, then performing combined splicing after distributing machining allowance on the hub, the web and the rib plate, performing full welding after spot welding and fixing, and forming a through hole reserved for welding a steel pipe on the web;
(2) placing the welded assembly in a gear ring, distributing machining allowance, then carrying out combined splicing, carrying out symmetrical full-length welding after spot welding and fixing, and then communicating the gear with the outside;
(3) after all welding is finished, tempering and destressing treatment is carried out in time, the tempering temperature is 500-600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-7h, and then the steel plate is taken out of a tempering furnace and cooled to normal temperature;
(4) cleaning the welding seam, welding slag and welding beading, polishing the welding seam to be flat by an angle grinder, and ensuring that the surface of each welding part is not protruded or exposed;
(5) carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on main welding seams at the joint of the gear ring, the hub and the web, and carrying out surface dye-penetrant flaw detection on the other secondary welding seams;
(6) cleaning oil stains on the outer surface of the part, then, entering a furnace for carburization, coating a main welding line with an anti-seepage agent, fixing a through hole in the web by using a circular cover plate in a spot welding manner, coating the anti-seepage agent on the contact surface of the cover plate and the web to seal the inner cavity of the welded gear, and preventing carbon-containing atmosphere from entering the inner cavity of the welded gear to form atmosphere convection in the carburization process to increase the carbon content of the inner cavity;
(7) welding two end faces of the gear, heating the gear in a furnace, gradually heating the gear to 930-1000 ℃, dripping methanol and propane into the furnace, cracking to obtain active carbon atoms, cooling the gear to below 500 ℃ in a tempering furnace, and opening a furnace cover of the tempering furnace for cooling;
(8) the welded gear is taken out of the tempering furnace and integrally enters an oil bath for quenching, and a circulating pump in the oil bath is started to accelerate the circulation of quenching oil in the inner cavity of the welded gear and external quenching oil;
(9) low-temperature tempering treatment is carried out in two stages, in the first stage, the welded gear is heated to 190-200 ℃, heat is preserved for 24 hours, and the welded gear is cooled to room temperature; in the second stage, the welding gear is heated to 250 ℃ at 220 ℃, and is kept warm for 30h and is cooled to room temperature;
(10) removing cover plates spot-welded on two sides of the double-width plate, performing spot welding on the steel pipe with the groove in the form of a blunt-edge single-side V-shaped welding line and the double-width plate, fixing, performing full welding, cleaning all welding slag and welding beading, and performing surface dye penetrant inspection on the welding line;
(11) the whole welded gear is subjected to strong shot blasting treatment to remove all oxide skins on the outer surface, and the tooth surface is subjected to compressive stress through strong shot blasting to improve the strength of the tooth part.
Furthermore, the web is a double-web, and the double-web is adopted for welding.
Furthermore, the gear ring, the hub and the double-width plate are welded to form an annular groove, and the annular groove is directly placed in a tempering furnace for heating.
Furthermore, the web is provided with through holes for welding steel pipes, and the through holes are uniformly and symmetrically distributed.
Furthermore, the web, the steel pipe and the rib plate are uniformly and symmetrically distributed around the gear hub after welding, and the welded and quenched gear is an axisymmetric part.
Preferably, after the gear ring, the amplitude plate, the hub and the rib plate are completely welded, tempering and stress relieving treatment is carried out in time, the temperature is 550 ℃, the materials are kept for about 6 hours and then are discharged from a furnace and cooled to normal temperature in an air cooling mode, and welding stress can be eliminated to prevent welding seams from cracking;
preferably, two end faces of the gear are welded, fireproof asbestos does not need to be filled in an annular groove formed by the gear ring, the hub and the double-plate, and the gear ring, the hub and the double-plate are directly fed into a furnace for heating. Gradually heating to 930 deg.C, dropping methanol and propane to crack active carbon atoms. And selecting carburizing time according to the process requirement of the tooth part for carburizing the depth of the layer. After the depth of the carburized layer reaches the process requirement, the welded gear is cooled to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, a furnace cover is opened, and the temperature is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; and discharging the welded gear out of the furnace, and putting the whole body into an oil pool for quenching. A circulating pump in the oil pool is started in time, circulation of quenching oil in the inner cavity of the welded gear and external quenching oil is accelerated, the temperature is rapidly reduced, and the oil temperature is monitored and controlled to be about 60 ℃ through a thermometer; the invention aims to fully eliminate welding internal stress and quenching internal stress of a welded gear and carries out low-temperature tempering treatment in two stages. In the first stage, the welding gear is heated to 200 ℃, kept warm for 24 hours and cooled to room temperature. In the second stage, the welding gear is heated to 220 ℃, kept warm for 30 hours and cooled to room temperature;
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the cost and the labor input in the carburizing and quenching process are reduced;
(2) the risk that uncontrollable fire is caused by combination of gas (about 840 ℃) sprayed at high temperature at the moment when the welded gear enters the oil tank and a large amount of quenching oil is reduced;
(3) during quenching, the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the welded gear are fully contacted with quenching oil, so that the pollution of excessive quenching wastes to the environment is avoided; and the risk of weld joint cracking caused by quenching after carburization of the welded gear is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welded structure of a large gear according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a welded structure of a large gear according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the profile of a large welded gear according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of explaining the technical solution disclosed in the present invention in detail, the following description is further made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A carburizing and quenching method for welding large gears comprises the following steps: welding a gear ring, a double-amplitude plate, a rib plate and a hub according to the average distribution allowance of the requirements of the figure (steel pipes are not welded temporarily), removing welding stress in time after welding, cleaning welding seams, polishing and detecting flaws, preparing welded gears before entering a furnace for carburization, entering the furnace for carburization, filling fireproof asbestos into grooves on two end faces, heating the welded gears in the furnace, integrally entering an oil pool for cooling to the normal temperature, tempering at the low temperature, welding steel pipes in a repair manner and performing strong shot blasting.
Specifically, the invention provides a carburizing and quenching method for welding a large gear, which is implemented by the following steps in combination with fig. 1-3:
(1) according to the design and welding requirements, the gear ring, the amplitude plates (adopting double-amplitude plate welding) and the hub are subjected to welding beveling treatment according to the U-shaped welding seam with the truncated edge, and the rib plate is subjected to welding beveling treatment according to the V-shaped welding seam with the truncated edge. Reasonably distributing machining allowance for the hub, the double-amplitude plate and the rib plate to be combined and spliced, and performing full welding after spot welding and fixing; the assembly is hoisted into the gear ring, the machining allowance is reasonably distributed to be combined and spliced as well, and symmetrical full welding is carried out after spot welding is fixed (in stage 1, the steel pipe is not welded, and the inner cavity of the gear can be completely communicated with the outside);
(2) after all welding is finished, tempering and stress relieving treatment are carried out in time, the temperature is 550 ℃, the steel plate is kept warm for about 6 hours and is discharged from a furnace and cooled to normal temperature in an air cooling mode, so that the welding stress can be eliminated, and the welding seam can be prevented from cracking;
(3) and cleaning all welding slag and welding beading of the welding seams, and polishing the welding seams to be flat by an angle grinder without allowing the surfaces of all welding parts to be protruded. Carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on main welding seams at joints of the gear ring, the hub and the double-plate, wherein the flaw detection result is in accordance with GB/T11345 'Manual ultrasonic flaw detection method and flaw detection result grading' of steel welding seams, and carrying out surface coloring flaw detection on other welding seams to ensure that no obvious defect exists;
(4) before furnace entering carburization, oil stains on the outer surface of the part are cleaned, and a main welding line is coated with an anti-seepage agent. The main welding line has high nickel and molybdenum contents, and if the carbon content is high, the main welding line is easy to crack in the quenching process. Spot welding and fixing 6 uniformly distributed through holes reserved for welded steel pipes on the double-amplitude plate by using a circular cover plate, coating an anti-seepage agent on the contact surface of the cover plate and the amplitude plate to seal the inner cavity of the welded gear, and preventing carbon-containing atmosphere from entering the inner cavity of the welded gear to form atmosphere convection in the carburizing process to increase the carbon content of the inner cavity;
(5) the two end faces of the gear are welded, fireproof asbestos does not need to be filled in an annular groove formed by the gear ring, the hub and the double plates according to the conventional gear welding process, and the gear ring, the hub and the double plates directly enter a furnace for heating. Gradually heating to 930 deg.C, dropping methanol and propane to crack active carbon atoms. And selecting carburizing time according to the process requirement of the tooth part for carburizing the depth of the layer. After the depth of the carburized layer reaches the process requirement, the welded gear is cooled to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, a furnace cover is opened, and the temperature is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace;
(6) and discharging the welded gear out of the furnace, and putting the whole body into an oil pool for quenching. A circulating pump in the oil pool is started in time, circulation of quenching oil in the inner cavity of the welded gear and external quenching oil is accelerated, the temperature is rapidly reduced, and the oil temperature is monitored and controlled to be about 60 ℃ through a thermometer;
(7) in order to fully eliminate welding internal stress and quenching internal stress of the welded gear, low-temperature tempering treatment is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the welding gear is heated to 200 ℃, kept warm for 24 hours and cooled to room temperature. In the second stage, the welding gear is heated to 220 ℃, kept warm for 30 hours and cooled to room temperature;
(8) removing cover plates spot-welded on two sides of the double-width plate, fixing the steel pipe with the groove in the form of a blunt-edge single-side V-shaped welding line with the double-width plate by spot welding, then performing full welding, cleaning all welding slag and welding beading, performing surface coloring flaw detection on the welding line, and ensuring no obvious defect;
(9) the whole welded gear is subjected to strong shot blasting treatment to remove all oxide skins on the outer surface, and the tooth surface is subjected to compressive stress through strong shot blasting to improve the strength of the tooth part.
The invention aims to ensure the characteristics of hard outside and tough inside of the tooth part, impact resistance and wear resistance, and reduces the manufacturing cost and the self weight of parts so as to reduce the rotational inertia and integrally prolong the service life of the speed reducer. The risks caused by the adoption of the existing welding technology are avoided, and particularly in the process that the welded gear in the prior art is heated integrally and enters an oil tank for quenching and cooling, because quenching oil cannot enter an inner cavity of the welded gear, and the gear ring, the web plate, the steel pipe, the hub and the rib plate are made of different materials, the shrinkage rates are inconsistent, and the inconsistent internal and external cooling speeds can possibly cause the scrapping of parts with cracked welding seams; and because a lot of air exists in fireproof asbestos gaps of grooves at two ends of the gear, uncontrollable fire behavior can be caused by combination of gas (about 840 ℃) sprayed at high temperature at the moment of welding the gear into an oil bath and a large amount of quenching oil. And the risk is prevented from causing huge loss to enterprise units.
Claims (5)
1. A carburizing and quenching method for welding large gears is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of welding a gear ring, a web plate, a steel pipe, a hub and a rib plate:
(1) performing welding beveling treatment on a gear ring, a web and a hub according to a U-shaped welding seam with a truncated edge, performing welding beveling treatment on a rib plate according to a V-shaped welding seam with a truncated edge and a single side, then performing combined splicing after distributing machining allowance on the hub, the web and the rib plate, performing full welding after spot welding and fixing, and forming a through hole for welding a steel pipe on the web;
(2) placing the welded assembly in the step (1) in a gear ring, distributing machining allowance, then carrying out combined splicing, carrying out symmetrical full-length welding after spot welding fixation, and then communicating the gear with the outside;
(3) after all welding is finished, tempering and destressing treatment is carried out in time, the tempering temperature is 500-600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-7h, and then the steel plate is taken out of a tempering furnace and cooled to normal temperature;
(4) cleaning the welding seam, welding slag and welding beading, polishing the welding seam to be flat by an angle grinder, and ensuring that the surface of each welding part is not protruded or exposed;
(5) carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on main welding seams at the joint of the gear ring, the hub and the web, and carrying out surface dye-penetrant flaw detection on the other secondary welding seams;
(6) cleaning oil stains on the outer surface of the part, then, entering a furnace for carburization, coating a main welding line with an anti-seepage agent, fixing a through hole in the web by using a circular cover plate in a spot welding manner, coating the anti-seepage agent on the contact surface of the cover plate and the web to seal the inner cavity of the welded gear, and preventing carbon-containing atmosphere from entering the inner cavity of the welded gear to form atmosphere convection in the carburization process to increase the carbon content of the inner cavity;
(7) welding two end faces of the gear, heating the gear in a furnace, gradually heating the gear to 930-950 ℃, dripping methanol and propane into the furnace to crack active carbon atoms, then cooling the gear in a tempering furnace to below 500 ℃, and opening a furnace cover of the tempering furnace for cooling;
(8) the welded gear is taken out of the tempering furnace and integrally enters an oil bath for quenching, and a circulating pump in the oil bath is started to accelerate the circulation of quenching oil in the inner cavity of the welded gear and external quenching oil;
(9) low-temperature tempering treatment is carried out in two stages, in the first stage, the welded gear is heated to 190-200 ℃, heat is preserved for 24 hours, and the welded gear is cooled to room temperature; in the second stage, the welding gear is heated to 230 ℃ at 220 ℃, and is kept warm for 30h and is cooled to room temperature;
(10) removing cover plates spot-welded on two sides of the double-width plate, performing spot welding on the steel pipe with the groove in the form of a blunt-edge single-side V-shaped welding line and the double-width plate, fixing, performing full welding, cleaning all welding slag and welding beading, and performing surface dye penetrant inspection on the welding line;
(11) the whole welded gear is subjected to strong shot blasting treatment to remove all oxide skins on the outer surface, and the tooth surface is subjected to compressive stress through strong shot blasting to improve the strength of the tooth part.
2. The welding, carburizing and quenching method for the large gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the amplitude plate is a double amplitude plate, and the double amplitude plate is adopted for welding.
3. The welding, carburizing and quenching method for the large gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that: and the gear ring, the hub and the double-amplitude plate are welded to form an annular groove, and the annular groove is directly placed in a tempering furnace for heating.
4. The welding, carburizing and quenching method for the large gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the web is provided with through holes for welding steel pipes, and the through holes are uniformly and symmetrically distributed.
5. The welding, carburizing and quenching method for the large gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that: after the welding of the amplitude plate, the steel pipe and the rib plate is finished, the amplitude plate, the steel pipe and the rib plate are uniformly and symmetrically distributed around the gear hub, and the gear is an axisymmetric part.
Priority Applications (2)
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CN201911297130.5A CN111014998A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Carburizing and quenching method for welding large gear |
PCT/CN2020/076945 WO2021120390A1 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2020-02-27 | Welding, carburizing and quenching method for large gear |
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CN201911297130.5A CN111014998A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Carburizing and quenching method for welding large gear |
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CN113020897A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-06-25 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | Repair method for gear of Pda630 press |
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