CN111014993B - Metal material ultra-efficient additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Metal material ultra-efficient additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111014993B CN111014993B CN201911378831.1A CN201911378831A CN111014993B CN 111014993 B CN111014993 B CN 111014993B CN 201911378831 A CN201911378831 A CN 201911378831A CN 111014993 B CN111014993 B CN 111014993B
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- wire feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-efficient additive manufacturing method for a metal material, which relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing and comprises the following steps: 1) selecting the number of wire feeding pipes according to the requirement, and determining the number of wire feeding copper pipes; 2) installing a main heat source generating device and a wire feeding copper pipe, wherein the wire feeding copper pipe is connected with a wire feeder and an auxiliary heating device; 3) adjusting the height and angle of the wire feeding copper pipe; 4) the wire feeder adjusts the wire feeding speed to feed out the wires, and simultaneously preheats the wires through the auxiliary heating device; 5) heating the wires by a main heat source generating device to melt and accumulate the wires; 6) and the main heat source generating device moves according to the planned track to finish the surfacing. The invention carries out pioneering one-arc multi-wire design, greatly improves the metal additive manufacturing efficiency, greatly improves the energy and cost saving, and further makes a great step on the original road of the technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an ultra-efficient additive manufacturing method for a metal material.
Background
Titanium and its alloy have light in weight, specific strength is big, heat resistance is strong, characteristics such as corrosion-resistant, have been widely used in fields such as aerospace, petrochemical, biomedicine at present. However, the titanium and titanium alloy have poor thermal conductivity and poor machinability, so that the conventional machining method is difficult to complete the preparation of the titanium alloy member. Currently, metal additive manufacturing has become a good method of machining titanium alloy components.
The metal additive manufacturing is also called metal 3D printing, the heat source mainly comprises laser, electron beam and electric arc, the raw material state mainly comprises powder and wire materials, and the forming mode mainly comprises sintering forming and melting forming under the conditions of material laying and feeding. At present, the main processes widely used for 3D printing and manufacturing of metal parts include 4 types: laser Direct Melt Deposition (LDMD), selective laser melt deposition (SLM), electron beam fuse deposition (EBF), selective electron beam melt deposition (SEBM). The laser direct melting deposition forming (LDMD), the laser selective melting forming (SLM) and the electron beam selective melting forming (SEBM) use powder as raw materials, the average processing speed of the powder metal additive manufacturing is only one tenth of the metal additive manufacturing speed of wire materials, the processing size is small, the processing period is long, and the method is not suitable for being applied to the high-efficiency additive manufacturing technology.
The existing additive manufacturing technology is generally low in manufacturing speed, and the advantages of the existing additive manufacturing technology compared with the traditional machining technology are reduced by the fact that the technology is fast and efficient when being proposed.
The electron beam fused deposition modeling (EBF) technology is similar to the electric arc additive manufacturing technology, and takes a wire material as a raw material, and the electron beam fused deposition modeling (EBF) is one type of electron beam melting modeling, and adopts high-energy and high-speed electron beams to selectively melt the metal wire in a vacuum environment, melt and shape the metal wire, and stack the metal wire layer by layer until the whole solid metal part is formed. The principle of electron beam fuse deposition rapid prototyping is shown in figure 1, and a welding wire is accurately fed into a molten pool through the accurate matching among a wire disc, a wire feeding wheel and a wire feeding nozzle. The base advances according to a pre-programmed graph, and when the cladding layer is finished, the base descends by a certain set height; the cladding of the next layer is repeated, thus forming the pre-fabricated component. However, electron beam fuse deposition (EBF) requires vacuum conditions and uses the electron beam 21 emitted from the electron gun 20 as a heat source, which results in high equipment cost and manufacturing cost.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a new method for manufacturing ultra-efficient additive for metal materials to solve the above problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-efficient additive manufacturing method for a metal material, which aims to solve the technical problem of effectively controlling heat input while improving forming efficiency and stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a method for manufacturing a metal material ultra-efficient additive, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the number of wire feeding pipes according to the requirement, and determining the number of wire feeding copper pipes;
2) installing a main heat source generating device and a wire feeding copper pipe, wherein the wire feeding copper pipe is connected with a wire feeder and an auxiliary heating device;
3) adjusting the height and angle of the wire feeding copper pipe;
4) the wire feeder adjusts the wire feeding speed to feed out the wires, and simultaneously preheats the wires through the auxiliary heating device;
5) heating the wires by a main heat source generating device to melt and accumulate the wires;
6) and the main heat source generating device moves according to the planned track to finish the surfacing.
Preferably, in the step 2), a main heat source generating device adopts a TIG welding gun, and an auxiliary heating device adopts a resistance thermal power supply; the anode of the resistance thermal power supply is connected with a resistance thermal power supply interface arranged on the wire feeding copper pipe, and the cathode of the resistance thermal power supply is fixedly connected with the substrate; each wire feeding copper pipe is connected with an independent resistance thermal power supply.
Preferably, in the step 2), the wire feeder is connected with a wire feeding copper pipe through a wire feeding hose, a wire feeding nozzle is installed at the bottom of the wire feeding copper pipe, and the wire feeding nozzle is located below the TIG welding gun.
Preferably, in the step 2), the main heat source generating device is installed on the bearing platform, the main heat source generating device is connected with the upper end of the connecting rod through the main connecting device, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is connected with the wire feeding copper pipe through the copper pipe clamp.
Preferably, the upper part of the connecting rod is connected with the main connecting device and is fixed by an axial fixing screw; the copper pipe clamp is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod and is fixed through an angle adjusting screw; the wire feeding copper pipe is arranged in the copper pipe clamp and is fixed through a copper pipe clamping screw.
Preferably, a single wire is adopted in the step 1), and one wire feeding copper pipe is installed.
Preferably, double-wire or four-wire feeding is adopted in the step 1), and two or four wire feeding copper pipes are arranged.
Preferably, send a copper pipe to follow main heat source generating device circumference equipartition, two relatively send silk material contact of silk copper pipe to form the return circuit, preheat two silk materials that contact formation return circuit simultaneously.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention carries out pioneering one-arc multi-wire design, greatly improves the metal additive manufacturing efficiency, greatly improves the energy and cost saving, and further makes a great step on the original road of the technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art electron beam fuse deposition process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electric arc additive manufacturing process for a metal monofilament in a first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a four-wire arc additive manufacturing according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wire feeding copper tube and a main heat generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5;
the welding device comprises a main connecting device 1, a connecting rod 2, a wire feeding copper pipe 3, a copper pipe clamp 4, a TIG welding gun 5, a workpiece 6, a workbench 7, a wire reel 8, a wire straightening device 9, a wire feeder 10, a wire feeding hose 11, a resistance thermal power supply interface 12, a wire feeding nozzle 13, a substrate 14, a resistance thermal power supply 15, a wire 16, a wire deposition 17, a tungsten electrode 18, an electric arc 19, an electron gun 20 and an electron beam 21.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2, 4, 5 and 6, the present embodiment provides a multi-filament high-efficiency forming additive manufacturing apparatus, which includes a loading platform, a main heat source generating device, an auxiliary heating device and a printing device, where the main heat source generating device and the auxiliary heating device are both connected to the printing device; the main heat source generating device is arranged on the bearing platform, the printing device comprises a plurality of wire feeding copper pipes 3, a main connecting device 1 and a secondary connecting device, the wire feeding copper pipes 3 are arranged around the main heat source generating device, and the main connecting device 1 is used for simultaneously realizing the connection of the main heat source generating device and the printing device and the connection of the bearing platform and the printing device; the secondary connecting device is used for realizing the connection between the wire feeding copper pipe 3 and the main connecting device 1 and adjusting the wire feeding angle of the wire feeding copper pipe 3; one end of the wire feeding copper pipe 3 is connected with the wire feeder 10, and the other end is connected with the wire feeding nozzle 13. In this embodiment, the printing apparatus includes a plurality of sets of wire feeding nozzles 13, a wire feeding copper pipe 3 and a wire feeder 10, so as to realize printing of a plurality of wires 16 and improve the working efficiency.
In this embodiment, the main heat source generating device adopts a TIG welding gun 5, and only one; the electric arc 19 is a main heat source and provides main energy for melting the metal wire 16, and the electric arc 19 generated by the TIG welding gun 5 through the bottom tungsten electrode 18 is distributed in a conical shape; the auxiliary heating device is a resistance thermal power supply 15 (preferably, a hot wire welding machine is adopted to provide the resistance thermal power supply 15), so that the melting efficiency of the wires 16 can be improved, and meanwhile, the cost is lower.
In this embodiment, the positive electrode of the resistance thermal power supply 15 is connected to the resistance thermal power supply interface 12 disposed on the wire feeding copper pipe 3, wherein the wire 16 can slide inside the wire feeding copper pipe 3 to achieve sliding connection with the resistance thermal power supply 15, and the wire 16 is a metal welding wire; the negative electrode of the resistance thermal power supply 15 is fixedly connected with the substrate 14 on the bearing platform. The metal welding wire fed into the molten pool is preheated in advance, so that thermal shock to the molten pool when the welding wire enters is reduced; meanwhile, the extra heat source provided by the resistance heat power supply 15 enables the electric arc 19 to melt the welding wire with less energy, and the welding speed and the deposition rate are improved under the condition of not increasing the welding current.
In the embodiment, the wire feeder 10 is connected with the wire feeding copper pipe 3 through a wire feeding hose 11, and the use of the wire feeding hose 11 can reduce wire feeding resistance and improve wire feeding stability; the wire feeding nozzle 13 is installed at one end, far away from the wire feeding hose 11, of the wire feeding copper pipe 3, and the wire feeding nozzle 13 is close to a welding gun nozzle of the TIG welding gun 5.
In the embodiment, the wire feeder 10 is connected with a wire reel 8, a wire straightening device 9 is arranged between the wire feeder 10 and the wire reel 8, and the wire straightening device 9 is used for straightening a wire 16 after being sent out of the wire reel 8 and before being sent into the wire feeder 10;
due to the storage requirement, the wire 16 is tightly wound on the wire reel 8, and the wire 16 which is not straightened directly enters the wire feeder 10, so that larger wire feeding resistance is generated and the stability of wire feeding is influenced; the wire straightening device 9 adopts the existing wire straightening mechanism, and mainly extrudes the wires 16 through the straightening rollers, so that the bending degree of the wires 16 is reduced, the wire feeding stability is improved, and the wire feeding resistance is reduced.
In this embodiment, the secondary connecting device includes a connecting rod 2 and a copper pipe clamp 4, the upper part of the connecting rod 2 is connected with the primary connecting device 1 and is fixed by an axial fixing screw, specifically, a through hole is formed in the primary connecting device 1 to allow the connecting rod 2 to pass through, the connecting rod 2 can move up and down relative to the primary connecting device 1 by loosening the axial fixing screw, so as to realize height adjustment, and the connecting rod 2 can rotate in the through hole to adjust the angle in the horizontal direction; the copper pipe clamp 4 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod 2 and fixed through an angle adjusting screw, and the clamp can rotate relative to the connecting rod 2 by unscrewing the angle adjusting screw, so that the angle adjustment in the vertical direction is realized; the wire feeding copper pipe 3 is arranged in the copper pipe clamp 4 and is fixed by a copper pipe clamping screw, and the wire feeding copper pipe 3 can move relative to the copper pipe clamp 4 by adjusting the copper pipe clamping screw.
Thereby realize silk material 16 and send a sliding connection of copper pipe 3 to carry out auxiliary heating to silk material 16 in this embodiment, realize main heat source generating device and send the regulation of an contained angle (a wire feed angle) between a copper pipe 3, realize many silk material 16 output simultaneously and guarantee that silk material 16 melts and forms a molten bath under main heat source generating device.
In the embodiment, the printing device is simultaneously connected with the bearing platform and the main heat source generating device through the main connecting device 1, so that the continuously fed wires 16 can be melted and deposited according to the designed track; specifically, the carrying platform may be a machine tool or a robot, in this embodiment, the carrying platform is preferably a machine tool, and the main heat source generating device is fixed on the machine tool; the main connecting device 1 comprises a connecting plate, the connecting plate is fixed on the machine tool, a through hole is formed in the connecting plate and connected with the top end of the connecting rod 2, and a welding gun hole is formed in the middle of the connecting plate and used for installing a main heat source generating device.
In the embodiment, the carrying platform is used as an executing device and moves along a certain track, and the main heat source generating device fixed on the carrying platform generates an electric arc 19 to melt the wire 16 sent by the multi-wire printing head on the surface of the substrate 14 or the workpiece 6 being formed; in this process, the printing apparatus delivers two or more filaments 16 directly beneath the main heat source, ensuring that each filament 16 is heated uniformly and that only one melt pool is formed.
In this embodiment, the device further comprises a control system, the control system is electrically connected with the carrying platform, the wire feeder 10, the main heat source generating device and the auxiliary heating device, and the control system is used for realizing integrated control of the efficient forming and additive manufacturing device for the multiple wires 16.
The control system is a computer, a digital model of the workpiece 6 is obtained through the computer, codes for driving the bearing platform to move are generated, a forming path of the workpiece 6 is formed, and the main heat source generating device fixed on the bearing platform can move according to the planned path. The wire feeder 10 continues to provide wire 16 at a wire feed speed under the control of the control system. In the printing process, the relative position relationship among the wire feeder 10, the printing device and the main heat source generating device is kept unchanged, and meanwhile, a specific wire feeding angle is kept according to the process requirement, so that the stability of the manufacturing process is effectively improved.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
the forming principle of multi-wire materials is as follows: two or more wires 16 are melted to form a molten pool, and according to the principle of 'discrete-accumulation', as the bearing platform moves and continuously delivers the metal wires 16, wire deposits 17 are formed on the substrate 14, the metal workpiece 6 is further formed, and the required workpiece 6 is manufactured layer by layer.
The hot wire auxiliary heating principle is as follows: the melting of the wire material 16 is assisted by the resistive heat source 15 (auxiliary heating means) to reduce the heat input of the arc 19 (main heat source generating means). The positive electrode of the resistance heat power supply 15 is connected with the wire 16 in a sliding manner, and the negative electrode of the resistance heat power supply 15 is fixedly connected with the substrate 14. When the wire 16 is in contact with the substrate 14 or the workpiece 6 being formed, current flows through the wire 16, and the wire 16 generates resistive heat due to the intrinsic resistivity of the wire 16, thereby assisting in heating the wire 16.
The embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing the metal material ultra-efficient additive, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the number of wire feeding pipes as required, and determining the number of the wire feeding copper pipes 3;
2) a main heat source generating device and a wire feeding copper pipe 3 are installed, and the wire feeding copper pipe 3 is connected with a wire feeder 10 and an auxiliary heating device;
3) adjusting the height and the angle of the wire feeding copper pipe 3;
4) the wire feeder 10 adjusts the wire feeding speed to feed out the wires 16, and simultaneously preheats the wires 16 through the auxiliary heating device;
5) heating the wires 16 by a main heat source generating device to melt and pile the wires 16;
6) and the main heat source generating device moves according to the planned track to finish the surfacing.
In this embodiment, a monofilament wire feeding is adopted in the step 1), and the wire feeding copper pipe 3 is provided with a hot wire in a connection manner that a loop is formed by the wire 16 and the workbench 7, so that the wire 16 is preheated in advance, and at this time, the wire 16 is fed from only one side; the wire feeding copper pipe 3 is connected with the anode of a resistance thermal power supply 15, and the cathode of the resistance thermal power supply 15 is connected with the workbench 7 or the substrate 14 to form a loop.
In the embodiment, when double-wire or four-wire feeding is adopted, two or four wire feeding copper pipes 3 are arranged; the wire feeding copper pipes 3 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the main heat source generating device. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, two wire feeding copper pipes 3 are preferably arranged, and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the main heat source generating device, each wire feeding copper pipe 3 is connected with one resistance thermal power supply 15, the wire feeding copper pipe 3 is connected with the positive electrode of the resistance thermal power supply 15, and the negative electrode of the resistance thermal power supply 15 is connected with the worktable 7 or the substrate 14 to form a loop.
Example two
The embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the first embodiment, and the improvement is as follows: as shown in fig. 3-6, in the present embodiment, a double-wire or four-wire feeding is adopted, and two or four wire feeding copper pipes 3 are installed; send a copper pipe 3 to follow main heat source generating device circumference equipartition, relative two the silk material 16 contact that send a copper pipe 3 forms the return circuit, preheats simultaneously two silk materials 16 that form the return circuit in the contact.
Further, four-wire feeding (the number of wire feeding can be adjusted as required) is preferably adopted in the embodiment, the hot wires are connected in a way that two opposite wires 16 contact to form a loop, and the two wires 16 contacting to form the loop are simultaneously preheated, so that the hot wire cost is doubled; specifically, the wire feeding copper pipes 3 of two opposite and contacting wires 16 share one resistance thermal power supply 15, and the two are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the resistance thermal power supply 15 and form a loop by contacting the two opposite wires 16. Meanwhile, when the tungsten electrode 18 generates the electric arc 19, a conical electric arc 19 area is formed, and when four wires work, the wire 16 extends into the electric arc 19 area from four different directions, so that energy is effectively utilized.
In the embodiment, the adjusting and controlling connection device can fix the wire feeding copper pipe 3 at a proper initial position, so that the positions of the four wire sources are symmetrical, mutual interference is avoided in the processing process, and a proper distance is kept between the four wire sources and the tungsten electrode 18; the preparatory work before machining is brought into an excellent state.
According to the invention, the titanium alloy additive manufacturing process under the conditions of single titanium alloy wires, two titanium alloy wires and four titanium alloy wires such as TA15, TC4 and TC11 can be explored by adjusting the technological parameters such as the base value of a welding machine, the peak current, the peak time, the pulse frequency, the scanning speed, the hot wire current and the like.
Firstly, wire material with diameter of 1.6mm, double-wire feeding speed of 1.5m/min1 and thin-wall part process parameters
2. Technological parameters of block
Two, 1.6mm diameter wire, four wire feeding speed 1.0m/min
1. Technological parameters of thin-wall part
2. Technological parameters of block
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for manufacturing a metal material with ultra-efficient additive is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the number of wire feeding pipes according to the requirement, and determining the number of wire feeding copper pipes;
2) installing a main heat source generating device and a wire feeding copper pipe, wherein the wire feeding copper pipe is connected with a wire feeder and an auxiliary heating device;
in the step 2), the main heat source generating device is arranged on the bearing platform and is connected with the upper end of the connecting rod through the main connecting device, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is connected with the wire feeding copper pipe through the copper pipe clamp;
the upper part of the connecting rod is connected with the main connecting device and is fixed by an axial fixing screw; the copper pipe clamp is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod and is fixed through an angle adjusting screw; the wire feeding copper pipe is arranged in the copper pipe clamp and is fixed by a copper pipe clamping screw;
the wire feeding copper pipes are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the main heat source generating device, wires of two opposite wire feeding copper pipes are contacted to form a loop, and two wires in contact to form the loop are simultaneously preheated;
3) adjusting the height and angle of the wire feeding copper pipe;
4) the wire feeder adjusts the wire feeding speed to feed out the wires, and simultaneously preheats the wires through the auxiliary heating device;
5) heating the wires by a main heat source generating device to melt and accumulate the wires;
6) and the main heat source generating device moves according to the planned track to finish the surfacing.
2. The method for manufacturing the ultra-efficient additive for metal materials according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), a main heat source generating device adopts a TIG welding gun, and an auxiliary heating device adopts a resistance thermal power supply; the anode of the resistance thermal power supply is connected with a resistance thermal power supply interface arranged on the wire feeding copper pipe, and the cathode of the resistance thermal power supply is fixedly connected with the substrate; each wire feeding copper pipe is connected with an independent resistance thermal power supply.
3. The method for manufacturing the ultra-efficient additive for metal materials according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the wire feeder is connected with a wire feeding copper pipe through a wire feeding hose, a wire feeding nozzle is installed at the bottom of the wire feeding copper pipe, and the wire feeding nozzle is located below the TIG welding gun.
4. The ultra-efficient additive manufacturing method of metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the step 1), a single wire is adopted for feeding wires, and one wire feeding copper pipe is arranged.
5. The method for manufacturing the ultra-efficient additive for metal materials according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), double-wire or four-wire feeding is adopted, and two or four wire feeding copper pipes are arranged.
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| CN114273768A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electron beam multi-filament collaborative additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN116000457B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2024-03-22 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Laser coaxial-induction multi-TIG electric arc multi-wire rapid additive manufacturing method and manufacturing system |
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