CN111009665A - Microporous layer, gas diffusion layer, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Microporous layer, gas diffusion layer, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111009665A CN111009665A CN201911150290.7A CN201911150290A CN111009665A CN 111009665 A CN111009665 A CN 111009665A CN 201911150290 A CN201911150290 A CN 201911150290A CN 111009665 A CN111009665 A CN 111009665A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a microporous layer, a gas diffusion layer, a preparation method and an application thereof; the preparation raw materials of the microporous layer comprise silicon dioxide sol, polyvinyl alcohol, a cross-linking agent and graphene; the microporous layer is formed by compounding polyvinyl alcohol, silicon dioxide sol and graphene, has good hydrophobic property, gas permeability and effective oxygen diffusivity, can reduce water resistance and increase the transmission rate of liquid water, thereby effectively relieving flooding, and can increase the hydrophobic property of the gas diffusion layer when the microporous layer is used for the gas diffusion layer; the gas diffusion layer used for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can improve the electrochemical performance of the fuel cell, so that the gas diffusion layer can be used as a power cell in an automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and relates to a microporous layer, a gas diffusion layer, and preparation methods and applications thereof.
Background
Fuel cells have recently become a hot spot for research and development in various countries as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly power generation device. The core component membrane electrode is prepared by a gas diffusion layer, a catalyst layer and a proton exchange membrane through a hot pressing process. A gas diffusion layer, which is a porous member having electrical conductivity, is generally disposed between the electrode and the separator. The gas diffusion layer serves to stably transfer hydrogen, oxygen, water, electrons, heat, and the like between the electrode layer and an external circuit. Hydration of the electrolyte is required to limit the maximum operating temperature of the fuel cell to about 80 ℃. Above the above temperature, drying of the membrane occurs, resulting in a decrease in proton conductivity. On the other hand, if the generated water is not effectively removed, it may cause water to gather and submerge the electrodes. This can result in a loss of voltage due to increased resistance to mass transport of the reactants.
Flooding often occurs when a fuel cell is operated at low temperatures and/or high current densities. At low temperatures, the steam pressure decreases, which makes it easier for the partial pressure of water vapour to exceed the saturation vapour pressure and leads to water accumulation inside the electrodes and to a barrier to gas diffusion. Since the level of water in the fuel cell not only severely affects the membrane characteristics, but also severely affects the transport of reactants and electrode reaction kinetics, maintaining an optimal water balance between the cathode and anode is an important factor in achieving higher levels of cell performance. Studies have shown that the starting point for using self-humidifying membrane electrodes is to increase the water concentration on both sides of the membrane.
The patent with application number 201811622656.1 discloses a flexible graphene carbon film for a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof; the preparation method comprises the following steps of adhering graphene and a novel carbon material to large-particle composite carbon particles formed by porous inorganic powder through urea plasticized and gelatinized starch and polyvinyl alcohol, and then extruding and granulating the large-particle composite carbon particles with carbon fibers, inorganic fibers, wood fibers, thermoplastic polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, soluble salt and a lubricant; micro-foaming by a membrane forming machine to obtain a graphene carbon film prototype sheet; and (3) drawing and stretching by a roller, and simultaneously gradually raising the temperature of three groups of drawing rollers, decomposing and carbonizing part of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatinized starch to form micropores, slightly melting polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder to be used as a bonding propping agent to ensure the strength and flexibility of the sheet, and further eluting soluble salt to form micropores to obtain the flexible graphene carbon film. The graphene carbon film obtained by the method has excellent air permeability, conductivity and flexibility, and the preparation process is easy to control and is easy for large-scale continuous production; but its hydrophobicity is still to be improved.
Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a gas diffusion layer having good hydrophobic properties.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a microporous layer, a gas diffusion layer, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the microporous layer is formed by compounding polyvinyl alcohol, silica sol and graphene, has better hydrophobic property, gas permeability and effective oxygen diffusivity, can reduce the resistance of water and increase the transmission rate of liquid water, thereby effectively relieving flooding, and can increase the hydrophobic property of the gas diffusion layer when the microporous layer is used for the gas diffusion layer; the gas diffusion layer used for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can improve the electrochemical performance of the fuel cell, so that the gas diffusion layer can be used as a power cell in an automobile.
An object of the present invention is to provide a microporous layer, which is prepared from raw materials including a silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol, a crosslinking agent, and graphene.
According to the invention, the microporous layer is formed by compounding the polyvinyl alcohol, the silica sol and the graphene, so that the microporous layer has good hydrophobic property, gas permeability and effective oxygen diffusivity, can reduce water resistance and increase the transmission rate of liquid water, thereby effectively relieving flooding, and can increase the hydrophobic property of the gas diffusion layer when the microporous layer is used for the gas diffusion layer.
In the present invention, the raw material for preparing the microporous layer includes 42 to 61% (42%, 45%, 47%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 57%, 60%, 61%, etc.) by mass of a silica sol, 31 to 44% (e.g., 31%, 33%, 35%, 37%, 40%, 42%, 44%, etc.) of a polyvinyl alcohol, 2 to 4% (e.g., 2%, 2.2%, 2.5%, 2.7%, 3%, 3.2%, 3.5%, 3.7%, 4%, etc.) of a crosslinking agent, and 6 to 11% (e.g., 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, etc.) of graphene.
In the present invention, the method for preparing the silica sol comprises: the silica sol is obtained by adding an alcohol solution of hydrochloric acid to a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol to adjust the pH to 5 to 6 (e.g., 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6, etc.), and then adding an alcohol solution of ammonia water to adjust the pH to 7.6 to 8.3 (e.g., 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, etc.).
In the present invention, the mixed solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol includes, by mass, 19 to 29% (e.g., 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, etc.) tetraethyl orthosilicate and 71 to 81% (e.g., 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, etc.) ethanol.
In the present invention, the ethanol is absolute ethanol.
In the present invention, the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the alcoholic solution of hydrochloric acid is 9 to 19 wt%, for example, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, etc.
In the present invention, the concentration of the aqueous ammonia in the aqueous ammonia solution is 5 to 9% by weight, for example, 5% by weight, 5.5% by weight, 6% by weight, 6.5% by weight, 7% by weight, 7.5% by weight, 8% by weight, 8.5% by weight, 9% by weight, etc.
In the present invention, the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 18 to 20 ten thousand, for example, 18 ten thousand, 18.5 ten thousand, 19 ten thousand, 19.5 ten thousand, 20 ten thousand, or the like.
In the present invention, the crosslinking agent is diethylene glycol.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide a method of preparing a microporous layer according to the first object, the method comprising: and adding graphene into the mixture of the silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol and the cross-linking agent, mixing to obtain composite gel, and curing the obtained composite gel to obtain the microporous layer.
In the present invention, the mixture of the silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol and the crosslinking agent is obtained by stirring the silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol and the crosslinking agent.
In the present invention, the mixing manner is ultrasonic mixing.
In the present invention, the ultrasonic mixing is carried out at a frequency of 85 to 125kHz, (e.g., 85kHz, 87kHz, 90kHz, 92kHz, 95kHz, 97kHz, 100kHz, 102kHz, 105kHz, 108kHz, 110kHz, 112kHz, 115kHz, 118kHz, 120kHz, 122kHz, 125kKz, etc.) and at a power density of 1.5 to 3.5W/cm2The time is 20-70 min.
In the present invention, the curing temperature is 510-710 ℃, such as 510 ℃, 530 ℃, 550 ℃, 570 ℃, 600 ℃, 620 ℃, 650 ℃, 670 ℃, 700 ℃, 710 ℃ and the like.
In the present invention, the curing time is 5 to 9 hours, such as 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, 7 hours, 7.5 hours, 8 hours, 8.5 hours, 9 hours and the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas diffusion layer including a substrate layer and a microporous layer on one side surface of the substrate layer, the microporous layer being one of the objects.
In the invention, the substrate layer is a carbon fiber paper layer.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a gas diffusion layer according to the third object, the method comprising: and adding graphene into the mixture of the silica sol, the polyvinyl alcohol and the cross-linking agent, mixing to obtain composite gel, coating the obtained composite gel on the surface of the substrate layer, drying and curing to obtain the gas diffusion layer.
In the present invention, the drying is performed in a supercritical apparatus.
In the present invention, the curing temperature is 510-710 ℃, such as 510 ℃, 530 ℃, 550 ℃, 570 ℃, 600 ℃, 620 ℃, 650 ℃, 670 ℃, 700 ℃, 710 ℃ and the like.
In the present invention, the curing time is 5 to 9 hours, such as 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, 7 hours, 7.5 hours, 8 hours, 8.5 hours, 9 hours and the like.
The fifth object of the present invention is to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises a proton exchange layer, a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer laminated together, wherein the gas diffusion layer is the gas diffusion layer of the third object.
The sixth purpose of the invention is to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as mentioned in the fifth purpose as a power cell applied in an automobile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the microporous layer is formed by compounding the polyvinyl alcohol, the silica sol and the graphene, so that the microporous layer has good hydrophobic property, gas permeability and effective oxygen diffusivity, can reduce water resistance and increase the transmission rate of liquid water, thereby effectively relieving flooding, and can increase the hydrophobic property of the gas diffusion layer when being used for the gas diffusion layer; the gas diffusion layer used for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can improve the electrochemical performance of the fuel cell, so that the gas diffusion layer can be used as a power cell in an automobile.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a gas diffusion layer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol into a container, adding a hydrochloric acid alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to be 5, and adding an ammonia water alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to be 7.6 to prepare silicon dioxide sol; in the hydrochloric acid alcohol solution, the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10%; in the ammonia water alcoholic solution, the mass concentration of ammonia water is 5%; wherein, 20 wt% of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 80 wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol;
(2) uniformly mixing the silicon dioxide sol prepared in the step (1), polyvinyl alcohol and a cross-linking agent, adding graphene, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to prepare composite gel; the cross-linking agent is diethylene glycol; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 85kHz, and the power density is 1.5W/cm2The time is 60 min; 59 wt% of silica sol, 33 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 wt% of cross-linking agent and 6 wt% of graphene;
(3) coating the composite gel prepared in the step (2) on the surface of a base layer, wherein the thickness of the coating is 50 microns, tightly combining the composite gel with the base layer through permeation, then sending the composite gel into a supercritical device for supercritical drying, and then sintering and carbonizing at high temperature to prepare the durable fuel cell gas diffusion layer; the base layer is carbon fiber paper; the infiltration time is 11 h; . The temperature of sintering carbonization is 510 ℃, and the time is 8 h.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a gas diffusion layer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol into a container, adding hydrochloric acid alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to 5.5, and adding ammonia water alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to 8.0 to prepare silicon dioxide sol; in the hydrochloric acid alcohol solution, the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 12%; in the ammonia water alcoholic solution, the mass concentration of ammonia water is 7%; wherein, 23 wt% of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 77 wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol;
(2) uniformly mixing the silicon dioxide sol prepared in the step (1), polyvinyl alcohol and a cross-linking agent, adding graphene, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to prepare composite gel; the cross-linking agent is diethylene glycol; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 100kHz, and the power density is 2W/cm2The time is 30 min; wherein, the content of silica sol is 52 wt%, the content of polyvinyl alcohol is 35 wt%, the content of cross-linking agent is 4 wt%, and the content of graphene is 9 wt%;
(3) coating the composite gel prepared in the step (2) on the surface of a base layer, wherein the thickness of the coating is 50 microns, tightly combining the composite gel with the base layer through permeation, then sending the composite gel into a supercritical device for supercritical drying, and then sintering and carbonizing at high temperature to prepare the durable fuel cell gas diffusion layer; the base layer is carbon fiber paper; the infiltration time is 14 h; . The temperature of sintering carbonization is 590 ℃, and the time is 7 h.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a gas diffusion layer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol into a container, adding hydrochloric acid alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to be 5.3, and adding ammonia water alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to be 7.8 to prepare silicon dioxide sol; in the hydrochloric acid alcohol solution, the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 12%; in the ammonia water alcoholic solution, the mass concentration of ammonia water is 5%; 25 wt% of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 75 wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol;
(2) uniformly mixing the silicon dioxide sol prepared in the step (1), polyvinyl alcohol and a cross-linking agent, adding graphene, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to prepare composite gel; the cross-linking agent is diethylene glycol; ultrasonically dispersed ultrasoundsThe acoustic frequency is 90kHz, and the power density is 2.5W/cm2The time is 50 min; 49 wt% of silica sol, 40 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 wt% of cross-linking agent and 8 wt% of graphene;
(3) coating the composite gel prepared in the step (2) on the surface of a base layer, wherein the thickness of the coating is 50 microns, tightly combining the composite gel with the base layer through permeation, then sending the composite gel into a supercritical device for supercritical drying, and then sintering and carbonizing at high temperature to prepare the durable fuel cell gas diffusion layer; the base layer is carbon fiber woven fabric; the infiltration time is 13 h; the temperature of sintering carbonization is 550 ℃, and the time is 9 h.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a gas diffusion layer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol into a container, adding hydrochloric acid alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to 5.5, and adding ammonia water alcohol solution to regulate the pH value to 8.0 to prepare silicon dioxide sol; in the hydrochloric acid alcohol solution, the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 15%; in the ammonia water alcoholic solution, the mass concentration of ammonia water is 6%; 24 wt% of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 76 wt% of anhydrous ethanol;
(2) uniformly mixing the silicon dioxide sol prepared in the step (1), polyvinyl alcohol and a cross-linking agent, adding graphene, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to prepare composite gel; the cross-linking agent is diethylene glycol; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 120kHz, and the power density is 3W/cm2The time is 35 min; 56 wt% of silica sol, 31 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 wt% of cross-linking agent and 9 wt% of graphene;
(3) coating the composite gel prepared in the step (2) on the surface of a base layer, wherein the thickness of the coating is 50 microns, tightly combining the composite gel with the base layer through permeation, then sending the composite gel into a supercritical device for supercritical drying, and then sintering and carbonizing at high temperature to prepare the durable fuel cell gas diffusion layer; the base layer is carbon fiber woven fabric; the infiltration time is 15 h; . The temperature of sintering carbonization is 630 ℃ and the time is 6 h.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The microporous layer is characterized in that raw materials for preparing the microporous layer comprise silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol, a cross-linking agent and graphene.
2. The microporous layer of claim 1, wherein the microporous layer is prepared from a silica sol 42-61 wt%, a polyvinyl alcohol 31-44 wt%, a cross-linking agent 2-4 wt%, and graphene 6-11 wt%.
3. The microporous layer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the silica sol is prepared by a method comprising: adding alcohol solution of hydrochloric acid into mixed solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol to adjust the pH to 5-6, and then adding alcohol solution of ammonia water to adjust the pH to 7.6-8.3 to obtain the silicon dioxide sol;
preferably, the mixed solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol comprises, by mass, 19-29% of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 71-81% of ethanol;
preferably, the ethanol is absolute ethanol;
preferably, the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the alcoholic solution of hydrochloric acid is 9-19 wt%;
preferably, the concentration of the ammonia water in the alcoholic solution of the ammonia water is 5-9 wt%.
4. The microporous layer of any of claims 1-3, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol has a weight average molecular weight of 18 to 20 ten thousand;
preferably, the crosslinking agent is diethylene glycol.
5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the method comprises: and adding graphene into the mixture of the silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol and the cross-linking agent, mixing to obtain composite gel, and curing the obtained composite gel to obtain the microporous layer.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the mixture of the silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol and the crosslinking agent is obtained by stirring the silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol and the crosslinking agent;
preferably, the mixing is by ultrasonic mixing;
preferably, the ultrasonic mixing frequency is 85-125kHz, and the power density is 1.5-3.5W/cm2The time is 20-70 min;
preferably, the temperature of the curing is 510-710 ℃;
preferably, the curing time is 5-9 h.
7. A gas diffusion layer comprising a substrate layer and a microporous layer on one surface of the substrate layer, wherein the microporous layer is according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
preferably, the substrate layer is a carbon fiber paper layer.
8. The method of preparing a gas diffusion layer according to claim 7, comprising: adding graphene into a mixture of silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol and a cross-linking agent, mixing to obtain composite gel, coating the obtained composite gel on the surface of a substrate layer, drying and curing to obtain the gas diffusion layer;
preferably, the drying is carried out in a supercritical apparatus;
preferably, the temperature of the curing is 510-710 ℃;
preferably, the curing time is 5-9 h.
9. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising a proton exchange membrane layer, a catalytic layer, and a gas diffusion layer according to claim 7, which are laminated together.
10. The pem fuel cell of claim 9 for use in an automobile as a power cell.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111916765A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-10 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Method for preparing gas diffusion layer in fuel cell |
| CN112952114A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-11 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113948716A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113948715A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115133048A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-09-30 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
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| US20150344309A1 (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2015-12-03 | Yazaki Corporation | Method of making cohesive carbon assembly and its applications |
| CN109301263A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-01 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | A kind of durable fuel cell gas diffusion layers and preparation method |
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| US20150344309A1 (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2015-12-03 | Yazaki Corporation | Method of making cohesive carbon assembly and its applications |
| CN109301263A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-01 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | A kind of durable fuel cell gas diffusion layers and preparation method |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111916765A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-10 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Method for preparing gas diffusion layer in fuel cell |
| CN111916765B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-11 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Method for preparing gas diffusion layer in fuel cell |
| CN112952114A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-11 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113948716A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113948715A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115133048A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-09-30 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115133048B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-04-09 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Gas diffusion layer and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200414 |
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