CN111006788A - High-precision optical fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation - Google Patents
High-precision optical fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of temperature demodulation in a distributed optical fiber sensing system, and discloses a high-precision optical fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation; the method comprises the following steps: s1, building a device; s2, calibration measurement stage: acquiring the light intensity of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light at each point in the reference optical fiber ring and at any position of the sensing optical fiber; s3, calibration and measurement: respectively collecting the light intensity of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light of the calibration optical fiber ring at different positions; calculating and linearly fitting to obtain all function values of the temperature sensitive factors in the sensing optical fiber; s4, measurement stage: collecting the light intensity of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light at each point in the reference optical fiber ring and each position in the sensing optical fiber; and S5, calculating to obtain all temperature information along the sensing optical fiber. The distributed optical fiber Raman sensing system and the method effectively solve the problem of low temperature measurement precision of the distributed optical fiber Raman sensing system, and can be widely applied to the field of distributed optical fiber sensing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of temperature demodulation in a distributed optical fiber sensing system, and particularly relates to a high-precision optical fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation.
Background
The distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system demodulates the temperature information along the optical fiber mainly by collecting back Raman scattering light which carries temperature information and is generated when the pulsed light is transmitted in the optical fiber, and then positioning is carried out according to an optical time domain reflection technology, so that the temperature information of any position distributed along the optical fiber is obtained. The back Raman scattering light used by the distributed Raman temperature measurement system for demodulating temperature information has a very obvious temperature-sensitive effect in the quartz optical fiber, and is not easy to generate a nonlinear effect, so that the back Raman scattering light is widely applied to important fields of electric power, traffic, fire control, petrochemical industry, aerospace and the like.
In a distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system, the temperature measurement precision is one of important parameters of the system performance. In various production practice fields, the temperature is an important index to be referred to, and has important significance for accurately measuring the temperature and monitoring the temperature in real time in scientific research experiments and industrial production. Therefore, it is important to improve the temperature measurement accuracy of the system. At present, the temperature measurement precision of the distributed optical fiber Raman sensor is basically maintained at +/-10 ℃, but with the development of scientific technology, higher requirements are provided for the temperature measurement precision of an optical fiber sensing system in some industrial monitoring fields, such as the temperature monitoring fields of petrochemical reactors, smart grids and tunnel water seepage, and the temperature measurement precision is required to reach +/-0.1 ℃. In a distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system, a temperature demodulation method is a key technology for realizing high-precision online monitoring of the temperature along an optical fiber. The currently common temperature demodulation method is to use anti-Stokes backward scattering light (anti-Stokes) as a signal channel and then use the light intensity information of the anti-Stokes to demodulate the temperature information along the optical fiber. But anti-Stokes scattering signals in the optical fiber are very weak, and scattering information is basically and completely submerged in noise, so that the temperature precision is lower than 1 ℃. In recent years, coded pulse modulation, wavelet transform mode maxima, rayleigh noise suppression and dispersion compensation methods have been shown to improve the temperature measurement accuracy of raman thermometers. However, the temperature accuracy of the current remote distributed fiber raman sensing system cannot be better than 1 ℃ to the best of our knowledge. The temperature sensitivity of the sensing optical fiber at different positions is different, and the traditional temperature demodulation method does not consider the influence of the temperature sensitivity of the sensing optical fiber, so that the temperature measurement accuracy of the system is lower.
Therefore, a brand new temperature demodulation method needs to be invented to solve the problem of low temperature measurement accuracy of the distributed optical fiber Raman sensing system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the temperature measurement precision of the existing distributed optical fiber Raman sensing system is low, and the application of the existing distributed optical fiber Raman sensing system is limited because the temperature measurement precision cannot break through the technical bottleneck of 1 ℃, the invention provides a high-precision Raman temperature self-demodulation method based on anti-Stokes light.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-precision optical fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation comprises the following steps:
s1, connecting the output end of the pulse laser with the first port of the circulator; the second port and the third port of the circulator are respectively connected with the sensing optical fiber and the input end of the signal acquisition device;
s2, calibration measurement stage: selecting the front position of the sensing optical fiber as LcA reference optical fiber ring is arranged at the position, and the temperature of the reference optical fiber ring is set to be Tc0The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light of each point in the reference optical fiber ring is acquired by the signal acquisition deviceac0(ii) a Meanwhile, the temperature of the whole sensing optical fiber is set to be T0The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light at any position (L) of the sensing optical fiber is acquired by the signal acquisition deviceα0；
S3, calibration and measurement: selecting lengths l at multiple positions of sensing optical fiber1The fiber ring is used as a calibration fiber ring, and the temperature of the calibration fiber ring at the positions is kept to be T1The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at the positions of the calibration fiber rings in the sensing fiber is respectively collected without changea1(ii) a Then calculating the values of the temperature sensitive factors M at the positions, and performing linear fitting to obtain all function values of the temperature sensitive factors M (L) in the sensing optical fiber along with the position L;
s4, measurement stage: setting a reference optical fiber ring at the same position of the calibration measurement stage, and setting the temperature of the reference optical fiber ring to be TcSeparately collecting the intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at each point in the reference fiber ringac(ii) a And the intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at each position L in the sensing fibera；
S5, calculating all temperature information T along the sensing optical fiber by using a demodulation formula according to the measurement settlement, wherein the demodulation formula is as follows:
h and k are respectively Planck constant and Boltzmann constant, and Δ v is Raman frequency shift of the sensing fiber.
The position of the reference optical fiber ring is Lc50m, the length l of the calibration fiber loop1Is 10 m.
In step S3, the length l is selected at five positions of 1km, 3km, 5km, 7km and 10km in the whole sensing fiber1A 10m fiber loop was measured as a calibration fiber loop.
In step S3, the formula for calculating the value of the sensing fiber temperature sensitivity factor M at each calibration fiber loop position in the calibration measurement stage is:
the signal acquisition device comprises a filter, an avalanche photodetector, an amplifier, a data acquisition card and a computer; the third port of the circulator is connected with the input end of the filter; the output end of the avalanche photodetector is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card through an amplifier; the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the input end of the computer, and the computer is used for calculating and demodulating to obtain the temperature measurement value of each point in the sensing optical fiber.
Compared with the existing distributed optical fiber sensing system, the temperature demodulation method for the optical fiber Raman sensing system has the following advantages: the invention provides a distributed optical fiber Raman high-precision temperature self-demodulation method based on anti-Stokes light. The distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system is reasonable in design, effectively solves the problem that the temperature measurement precision of the system is low due to the temperature sensitivity of spontaneous Raman scattering signals in the existing distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system, enables the temperature measurement precision to be better than 1 ℃, breaks through the technical bottleneck, and is suitable for the distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision optical fiber raman temperature detection device based on anti-stokes light self-demodulation in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-pulse laser, 2-circulator, 3-sensing optical fiber (62.5/125 multimode sensing optical fiber), 4-filter (1450nm,1650nm), 5-Avalanche Photodetector (APD), 6-amplifier (Amp), 7-data acquisition card and 8-computer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-precision optical fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, connecting the output end of the pulse laser 1 with the first port of the circulator 2; and a second port and a third port of the circulator 2 are respectively connected with the sensing optical fiber 3 and the input end of the signal acquisition device.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the signal acquisition device includes a filter 4, an avalanche photodetector 5, an amplifier 6, a data acquisition card 7, and a computer 8; wherein, the third port of the circulator 2 is connected with the input end of the filter 4; the output end of the avalanche photodetector 5 is connected with the input end of a data acquisition card 7 through an amplifier 6; the output end of the data acquisition card 7 is connected with the input end of the computer 8, and the computer 8 is used for calculating and demodulating to obtain the temperature measurement value of each point in the sensing optical fiber.
The pulse laser emits laser pulses with the wavelength of 1550nm, the laser pulses are incident to the sensing optical fiber 3 through the circulator 2, and the incident light and molecules in the optical fiber generate inelastic collision to generate spontaneous Raman scattering. Thereby enabling raman scattered light to be generated at each position of the multimode sensing fiber. Backward raman scattered light generated in the optical fiber enters the filter 4 through the second port and the third port of the circulator 2, and the filter 4 separates anti-Stokes (anti-Stokes) light which is sensitive to temperature and has the wavelength of 1450 nm. The anti-stokes light sequentially passes through the avalanche photodetector 5 and the amplifier 6 and enters the data acquisition card 7, and the data acquisition card 7 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the anti-stokes light, so that the position and light intensity information of the anti-stokes light is obtained.
In specific implementation, the wavelength of the pulse laser is 1550nm, the pulse width is 10ns, and the repetition frequency is 8 KHz. The bandwidth of the APD is 100MHz, and the spectral response range is 900-1700 nm. The working wavelength of the filter is 1450nm/1660 nm. The number of channels of the data acquisition card is 4, the sampling rate is 100M/s, and the bandwidth is 100 MHz. The multimode sensing optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber with gradually changed refractive index.
S2, calibration measurement stage: the front position of the sensing fiber 3 is selected to be LcA reference optical fiber ring is arranged at the position, and the temperature of the reference optical fiber ring is set to be Tc0The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light of each point in the reference optical fiber ring is acquired by the signal acquisition deviceac0(ii) a Meanwhile, the temperature of the whole sensing optical fiber is set to be T0The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light obtained at any position (L) of the sensing optical fiber is acquired by the signal acquisition devicea0。
Wherein, the data acquisition card obtains the backward Raman scattering light of anti-Stokes light in the reference fiber ring, and its light intensity is expressed as:
the data acquisition card acquires backward Raman scattering light of anti-Stokes light at any position (L) in the sensing optical fiber 3, and the light intensity is expressed as:
in the formulae (1) and (2) #ac0，φac0For the light intensity, K, of the anti-Stokes light in the reference fiber ring and the sensing fiber during the calibration phaseaIs a coefficient related to the cross section of the scattering end of the fiber, VaFor the frequency of the anti-stokes light, h and k are respectively a Planckian constant and a Boltzmann constant, and Δ v is that the Raman frequency shift amount of the optical fiber is 13.2THz, &lTtT translation = α "&gTt α &lTt/T &gTt0、αaRespectively, the attenuation coefficients of incident light and anti-Stokes light in unit length of the optical fiber, T0Sensing the ambient temperature of the optical fiber for the calibration stage, wherein L represents the position of the sensing optical fiber, M (L) is the temperature sensitive factor of the sensing optical fiber at the position of L in the calibration stage, and Tc0For the calibration phase with reference to the temperature of the fiber loop, LcFor the calibration phase with reference to the position of the fiber loop, M(Lc) For sensing optical fiber at LcTemperature sensitive factor at the location.
In order to obtain the function value of the temperature sensitive factor M, the temperature measuring device needs to be calibrated before temperature measurement.
S3, calibration and measurement: selecting lengths l at multiple positions of sensing optical fiber1The fiber ring is used as a calibration fiber ring, and the temperature of the calibration fiber ring at the positions is kept to be T1The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at the positions of the calibration optical fiber rings (3) in the sensing optical fiber is collected without changea1(ii) a And then calculating the values of the temperature sensitivity factors M at the positions, and performing linear fitting to obtain all function values of the temperature sensitivity factors M (L) in the sensing optical fiber along with the position L.
Specifically, in this embodiment, optical fiber loops with a length of 10m are selected as calibration optical fiber loops at positions of 1km, 3km, 5km, 7km and 10km in the whole sensing optical fiber respectively, and the temperatures of the 5 reference optical fibers are kept consistent (the temperature is T;)1). The backward Raman scattering light intensity phi in the anti-Stokes light at the 5 positions is collected by a data acquisition carda1. Since the anti-stokes light satisfies the following formula:
the intensity of the backward raman scattered light phi in combination with the anti-stokes light in the sensing fiber 3 measured by calibration in step S2a0The values of M (L) at 1km, 3km, 5km, 7km and 10km can be obtained through the formula (3), and all the function values of M (L) along with the distance can be obtained after linear fitting is carried out on the 5 function values.
S4, measurement stage: setting a reference optical fiber ring at the same position of the calibration measurement stage, and setting the temperature of the reference optical fiber ring to be TcSeparately collecting the intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at each point in the reference fiber ringac(ii) a And the intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at each position L in the sensing fibera；
Wherein the light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light of each point in the reference fiber ringacThe expression of (a) is as follows:
wherein the light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at each position L in the sensing fiberaThe expression of (a) is as follows:
and S5, calculating all temperature information T along the sensing optical fiber by using a demodulation formula according to the measurement settlement.
The derivation of the demodulation equation is as follows:
dividing equation (1) by equation (2) yields:
equation (4) divided by equation (5) yields:
calculating the formulas (5) and (7) to obtain a temperature demodulation formula along the sensing optical fiber, specifically:
therefore, after the function value of the temperature sensitive factor M (L) is obtained through calibration measurement, the temperature T to be measured in the formula (8) is a known quantity, and therefore, all temperature information along the optical fiber can be demodulated according to the formula (8).
The invention provides a distributed optical fiber Raman high-precision temperature self-demodulation method based on anti-Stokes light. The distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system is reasonable in design, effectively solves the problem that the temperature measurement precision of the system is low due to the temperature sensitivity of spontaneous Raman scattering signals in the existing distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system, enables the temperature measurement precision to be better than 1 ℃, breaks through the technical bottleneck, and is suitable for the distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high-precision optical fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, connecting the output end of the pulse laser (1) with the first port of the circulator (2); a second port and a third port of the circulator (2) are respectively connected with the sensing optical fiber (3) and the input end of the signal acquisition device;
s2, calibration measurement stage: the front position of the sensing optical fiber (3) is selected to be LcA reference optical fiber ring is arranged at the position, and the temperature of the reference optical fiber ring is set to be Tc0The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light of each point in the reference optical fiber ring is acquired by the signal acquisition deviceac0(ii) a Meanwhile, the temperature of the whole sensing optical fiber is set to be T0The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattering light of the anti-Stokes light at any position (L) of the sensing optical fiber is acquired by the signal acquisition devicea0；
S3, calibration and measurement: selecting lengths l at multiple positions of sensing optical fiber1As a collimating lightThe fiber ring is maintained at a temperature T1The light intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at the positions of the calibration optical fiber rings (3) in the sensing optical fiber is collected without changea1(ii) a Then calculating the values of the temperature sensitive factors M at the positions, and performing linear fitting to obtain all function values of the temperature sensitive factors M (L) in the sensing optical fiber along with the position L;
s4, measurement stage: setting a reference optical fiber ring at the same position of the calibration measurement stage, and setting the temperature of the reference optical fiber ring to be TcSeparately collecting the intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at each point in the reference fiber ringac(ii) a And the intensity phi of the backward Raman scattered light of the anti-Stokes light at each position L in the sensing fibera；
S5, calculating all temperature information T along the sensing optical fiber by using a demodulation formula according to the measurement settlement, wherein the demodulation formula is as follows:
h and k are respectively Planck constant and Boltzmann constant, and Δ v is Raman frequency shift of the sensing fiber.
2. The anti-stokes light self-demodulation-based high-precision optical fiber raman temperature detection method according to claim 1, wherein the position of the reference optical fiber ring is Lc50m, the length l of the calibration fiber loop1Is 10 m.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the lengths l are selected at five positions of 1km, 3km, 5km, 7km and 10km respectively in the whole sensing fiber1A 10m fiber loop was measured as a calibration fiber loop.
4. The method for high-precision fiber Raman temperature detection based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the formula for calculating the value of sensing fiber temperature sensitivity factor M at each calibration fiber ring position in the calibration measurement phase is as follows:
5. the high-precision fiber Raman temperature detection method based on anti-Stokes light self-demodulation is characterized in that the signal acquisition device comprises a filter (4), an avalanche photodetector (5), an amplifier (6), a data acquisition card (7) and a computer (8); the third port of the circulator (2) is connected with the input end of the filter (4); the output end of the avalanche photodetector (5) is connected with the input end of a data acquisition card (7) through an amplifier (6); the output end of the data acquisition card (7) is connected with the input end of the computer (8), and the computer (8) is used for calculating and demodulating to obtain the temperature measured values of all points in the sensing optical fiber.
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