CN111003703A - Structure function integrated graphene material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Structure function integrated graphene material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111003703A CN111003703A CN201911204519.0A CN201911204519A CN111003703A CN 111003703 A CN111003703 A CN 111003703A CN 201911204519 A CN201911204519 A CN 201911204519A CN 111003703 A CN111003703 A CN 111003703A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene material with integrated structure and function and a preparation method thereof, wherein graphene fibers have excellent properties of high strength, high modulus, high electric conductivity and high heat conductivity, and the method comprises the following steps: and plasticizing and stretching the graphene assembly material in the presence of a plasticizer to achieve the optimal stretching ratio. After heat treatment, the graphene material integrating high strength, high modulus, high electric conductivity and high heat conductivity is obtained. The invention relates to a structure-function integrated graphene fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nano materials, in particular to a graphene material with integrated structure and function and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In 2004, professor A.K. Geim of Manchester university in England successfully prepared graphene by using mechanical stripping method, and hung on a miniature gold frame, and the theory that a perfect two-dimensional crystal structure cannot stably exist under non-absolute zero degree is overturnedAnd (7) breaking. In other words, the graphene in a free state can exist stably at room temperature; under the same conditions, any other known material is oxidized or decomposed and becomes unstable even at a thickness corresponding to 10 times its monolayer thickness. Structurally, Graphene (Graphene) is an sp2 hybridized monolayer carbon atom crystal which is tightly packed into a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure, carbon atoms in the layer are connected in a covalent bond mode and have ultrahigh strength (120 GPa), so that the carbon-based material with a specific structure is constructed by taking the Graphene as a source material, and the design, controllability and macroscopic preparation of the carbon-based functional material nanostructure are gradually attracted by global scientists. However, due to the fact that a large number of defects are inevitably introduced in the process of assembling the nano-scale material to a macroscopic material, the excellent properties of the single sheet are difficult to be perfectly inherited in a macroscopic assembly body, such as the extremely high strength, modulus, electric conductivity and thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Particularly in the graphene fiber material, the current graphene fiber material still has difficulty in breaking through the 2GPa, and the thermal conductivity is lower than 1200W m-1K-1. Therefore, it is a difficult problem to find how to control the defects more accurately, improve the assembly efficiency and obtain the graphene fiber with integrated structure and function.
Currently, the existing methods for preparing graphene fibers are mainly based on liquid crystal wet spinning. However, the nascent graphene oxide fiber obtained by liquid crystal wet spinning is inevitably subjected to defects such as wrinkles in the solidification and drying processes, and the defects are always accompanied in the fiber in the subsequent chemical reduction and heat treatment, and gradually develop into a great problem of influencing the excellent performance of the graphene fiber inherited by the monolithic graphene. Therefore, the nascent graphene fiber obtained by reducing the nascent graphene oxide fiber has poor performance, and the excellent performance of the single-layer graphene is difficult to exert.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structural and functional integrated graphene material consisting of graphite crystals with the length of more than 150nm, wherein large graphite crystals promote the transmission of phonon electrons, improve the electric conduction and the heat conduction, and have large crystal orientation arrangement and reductionLess internal stress and high strength. Specifically, the graphene material comprises a plurality of graphite crystals formed by graphene sheets, the orientation degree of the graphite crystals is more than 85%, and the plurality of graphite crystals form an electric conduction and heat conduction path; wherein the graphene sheet orientation degree is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the density is more than or equal to 1.8g/cm3And the length of each graphite crystal is more than 150 nm. The longer the continuous length of the crystal is, the longer the distance that electrons and phonons can be transmitted without scattering can be realized, and the electric conduction and heat conduction performance is high; meanwhile, the orientation degree and the density are high, the number of internal stress concentration points is small, premature failure of the material is avoided, and the strength is high.
Further, the graphite crystal thickness is 15nm or more. The conductivity of graphite materials is determined by the migration of delocalized pi electrons, so that the number of migratable pi electrons plays a decisive role in the conductivity of the material, and thus the crystal thickness contributes significantly to the conductivity.
In the present application, the material includes, but is not limited to, graphene fiber, graphene film, and the like.
Tests prove that the carbon content is lower than 98%, so that more phonon and electron scattering points exist in the material, and the electric conduction and heat conduction performance of the material is reduced, therefore, as a preferable scheme, the carbon content in the structure and function integrated graphene material is more than 98 wt%.
As a preferable scheme, in each graphite crystal, the interlayer spacing of the graphene sheets is below 0.35nm, so that the high graphitization degree of the graphene material is ensured, the material density is increased and the graphitization degree is increased due to the low interlayer spacing of the graphene layers, and the excellent electric and heat conduction characteristics of the material can be ensured.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a graphene material with integrated structure and function, which comprises a plastic stretching step and a heat treatment step, wherein the plastic stretching step enables graphene sheets to be arranged in a straight manner along an axial direction, thereby facilitating the formation of large-sized graphite crystals, and the heat treatment step further promotes the growth of the graphite crystals. Finally, obtaining a graphene material consisting of graphene crystals, wherein the orientation degree of the graphene crystals is more than 85%, and a plurality of graphite crystals form an electric conduction and heat conduction path; wherein the degree of graphene sheet orientation is greater than or equal to80% and the density is more than or equal to 1.8g/cm3And the length of each graphite crystal is more than 150 nm.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the graphene oxide assembly material in a plasticizer; during the soaking process, the graphene material is plasticized; the plasticizer enters the interlayer, the plasticizing time is controlled, the interlayer spacing is increased to 1.2-2.3 nm, if the interlayer spacing is lower than 1.2nm, the interaction between the graphene fiber layers is too large, and the material does not show or shows extremely small plastic deformation; if the interlayer spacing is larger than 2.3nm, the interaction between graphene layers is too weak, and the whole interlayer slips in the subsequent stretching treatment process and is directly broken.
(2) Stretching the assembly material in a plasticizer, then applying an external force to keep the current length, and releasing the stress between the sheet layers until the stress between the sheet layers is 0; and stretching after plasticizing to straighten folds in the material, keeping the stretched length after stretching, and drying to keep the graphene sheet with the folds removed, wherein the stretching-releasing process can be carried out once or more than twice.
(3) And thermally reducing the dried graphene oxide assembly material to crystallize the graphene assembly material, thereby obtaining the structure-function integrated graphene material. The thermal reduction temperature is generally 1300-3000 ℃.
In the process, due to the uniformity of the soaking process, the plasticizing effect is uniform, the interlayer spacing after plasticizing is uniform, and the interlayer spacing can be obtained by dividing the total thickness by the number of layers and an X-ray diffraction method.
In the above process, the interlayer distance can be controlled by controlling the type of the plasticizer. The larger the polar parameter of the plasticizer, the stronger the plasticizing effect and the larger the interlayer spacing.
Further, the graphene assembly material comprises graphene oxide fibers, graphene oxide tapes, graphene oxide films; preferably, the nascent graphene oxide fiber is obtained by wet liquid crystal spinning.
Preferably, the elongation at break of the graphene oxide material plasticized in step 1 is 30% or more. If the graphene oxide fiber is soaked by acetic acid, the breaking elongation of the graphene oxide fiber reaches 34%.
Further, the interlayer spacing of graphene oxide gradually increases through plasticizer intercalation. As the interlayer distance increases, the interlayer interaction decreases, the macroscopic material begins to exhibit plastic deformation, which reaches a maximum value when the interlayer distance is in the range of 1.1 to 1.8nm, and as the interlayer distance continues to increase, slip occurs between graphene oxide layers due to too weak interlayer interaction, exhibiting lower elongation at break.
In the application, the plasticizer is a single solvent with a polarity parameter of 0.3-0.75, or a mixture of multiple solvents. For example, the mixture of water with high polarity and acetone with low polarity can obtain mixed solvent with moderate polarity, and can also be used as plasticizer.
The plasticizer is selected from: glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, acetone, isopropanol, acetic acid, methanol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, organic amine and the like or mixed plasticizers thereof.
The invention also relates to application of the graphene material with the structure and function integrated in the graphene material with high strength, high modulus, high electric conductivity and high heat conductivity. For example, the thermally conductive filler is used as a highly thermally conductive composite material or as a highly electrically conductive composite material, and is used as a composite structural member with high strength.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the plasticizer is used, so that the plastic processing range of the graphene oxide assembly material is increased by 1-50%, which is very rare in inorganic material processing. Through a 50% plastic processing interval, the graphene material integrating the structure and the function and integrating high strength, high modulus, high electric conductivity and high heat conductivity is obtained through heat treatment after stretching.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the strength, modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity data of the fiber obtained in example 1, wherein n-GF refers to nascent graphene fiber, and p-GF refers to graphene fiber after plasticizing and stretching.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Extruding the spinning solution of graphene oxide DMF into a coagulating bath of ethyl acetate, and carrying out wet liquid crystal spinning to obtain the nascent graphene oxide fiber.
(2) Soaking the nascent graphene oxide fiber in acetic acid (with a polarity parameter of 6) to soak the nascent graphene oxide fiber, wherein the interlamellar spacing is 1.4 nm and the elongation at break is 34%.
(3) Performing three times of plasticizing, stretching and reducing on the swelled graphene oxide fiber, wherein the stretching rate of each time is 15%, then applying external force to keep the current length, and releasing the stress between the sheet layers;
(4) and drying and then carrying out heat treatment at 2800 ℃ to obtain the graphene fiber with integrated structure and function.
Through wide-angle X-ray diffraction test, the length of each graphite crystal in the structure of the graphite crystal is more than 150 nm; the whole orientation degree is more than 85%, two adjacent graphite crystals are mutually contacted, and a plurality of graphite crystals form an electric conduction and heat conduction path.
Through wide-angle X-ray diffraction test, the graphene sheet orientation degree in the fiber is 92%.
The density was measured to be 1.89 g cm-3。
The tensile test was conducted on a Keysight T150U instrument and the result was 3.4 GPa.
The conductivity is tested by a fiber four-line method, and the conductivity of the obtained fiber is up to 1.2 MS/m.
The thermal conductivity test uses a T-shaped method, and the thermal conductivity of the fiber is tested to reach 1580W m-1K-1。
Fig. 1 shows the strength, modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity data of the fiber obtained in example 1, wherein n-GF refers to nascent graphene fiber, and p-GF refers to graphene fiber after plasticizing and stretching. As can be seen from fig. 1 and the structural characterization, the longer the continuous length of the crystal is, the longer the electrons and phonons can be transmitted without scattering, and the high electric and thermal conductivity is achieved; meanwhile, the orientation degree and the density are high, the number of internal stress concentration points is small, premature failure of the material is avoided, and the strength is high.
Example 2
(1) And spreading the liquid crystal solution of the graphene oxide on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, then leveling the substrate by using a scraper, and drying the substrate at room temperature to obtain the nascent graphene oxide film.
(2) Cutting the nascent graphene oxide film into strips, soaking the strips in ethylene glycol (with a polarity parameter of 0.68) to soak the strips, wherein the interlayer spacing is 1.8nm and the elongation at break is 18%.
(3) Performing three times of plasticizing stretching and reduction on the swelled graphene oxide film, wherein the stretching rate of each time is 5%, and then applying external force to keep the current length and release the stress between the sheets;
(4) and drying and then carrying out heat treatment at 2800 ℃ to obtain the graphene film with integrated structure and function.
Through wide-angle X-ray diffraction test, the length of each graphite crystal in the structure of the graphite crystal is more than 200 nm; the whole orientation degree is more than 85%, two adjacent graphite crystals are mutually contacted, and a plurality of graphite crystals form an electric conduction and heat conduction path.
The orientation degree of graphene sheets in the fiber is 0.94 by wide-angle X-ray diffraction test.
The density was measured to be 2.02 g cm-3。
The strength of the film can reach 200 MPa through tensile test.
Conductivity test, the conductivity of the film is up to 1.22 MS/m.
Thermal conductivity test, highly oriented and large crystals give films with thermal conductivity up to 1900S/m.
Example 3
(1) And carrying out suction filtration on the liquid crystal solution of the graphene oxide through a suction filtration bottle to obtain a nascent graphene oxide film.
(2) And (3) soaking the graphene oxide membrane obtained by suction filtration in acetone (with a polarity parameter of 5.1), wherein the interlayer spacing is 1.1 nm and the elongation at break is 13%.
(3) And performing primary plasticizing stretching and reduction on the swelled graphene oxide film, wherein the stretching rate is 10%, and then applying external force to keep the current length and release the stress between the sheets.
(4) And drying and then carrying out 2800 ℃ heat treatment to obtain the graphene film with integrated structure and function.
Through wide-angle X-ray diffraction test, the length of each graphite crystal in the graphite crystal structure is more than 180 nm; the whole orientation degree is more than 85%, two adjacent graphite crystals are mutually contacted, and a plurality of graphite crystals form an electric conduction and heat conduction path.
The orientation degree of graphene sheets in the fiber is 0.93 through a wide-angle X-ray diffraction test.
The density was measured to be 1.99 g cm-3。
The strength of the film can reach 180 MPa by tensile test.
Conductivity test, the conductivity of the film is up to 1.20 MS/m.
Thermal conductivity test, highly oriented and large crystals give films with thermal conductivity up to 1800S/m.
Claims (14)
1. The utility model provides a structure function integration graphite alkene material which characterized in that: the graphene film comprises a plurality of graphite crystals consisting of graphene sheets, wherein the orientation degree of the graphite crystals is more than 85%, and the plurality of graphite crystals form an electric conduction and heat conduction path; in the graphene material with integrated structure and function, the orientation degree of graphene sheets is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the density is more than or equal to 1.8g/cm3And the length of each graphite crystal is more than 150 nm.
2. The graphene material according to claim 1, wherein the graphite crystal has a thickness of 15nm or more.
3. The graphene material according to claim 1, wherein the material is graphene fiber, graphene tape, graphene film.
4. The graphene material according to claim 1, wherein the carbon content is 98 wt% or more.
5. The graphene material of claim 1, wherein in each graphite crystal, the graphene sheets have an interlayer spacing of 0.35nm or less.
6. The method for preparing the graphene material with the integrated structure and function according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) soaking the graphene oxide assembly material in a plasticizer;
(2) stretching the assembly material in a plasticizer, then applying an external force to keep the current length, and releasing the stress between the sheet layers until the stress between the sheet layers is 0;
(3) and carrying out thermal reduction on the dried graphene oxide assembly material to obtain the graphene material with integrated structure and function.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the graphene assembly material includes a graphene oxide fiber, a graphene oxide tape, a graphene oxide film; preferably, the nascent graphene oxide fiber is obtained by wet liquid crystal spinning assembly.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the elongation at break of the graphene oxide material plasticized in step 1 is 30% or more.
9. The preparation method of claim 6, wherein the interlayer spacing of the graphene oxide gradually increases through plasticizer intercalation; as the interlayer distance increases, the interlayer interaction decreases, the macroscopic material begins to exhibit plastic deformation, which reaches a maximum value when the interlayer distance is in the range of 1.1 to 1.8nm, and as the interlayer distance continues to increase, slip occurs between graphene oxide layers due to too weak interlayer interaction, exhibiting lower elongation at break.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the plasticizer is a single solvent or a mixture of solvents with a polarity parameter of 0.3-0.75.
11. The method of manufacturing according to claim 9, wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of: glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, acetone, isopropanol, acetic acid, methanol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, organic amine and the like or mixed plasticizers thereof.
12. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature of the thermal reduction is 1300-3000 ℃.
13. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step 2 is repeated two or more times.
14. The use of the structurally-functionally-integrated graphene material of claim 1 in a high-strength, high-modulus, highly electrically-conductive, and highly thermally-conductive graphene material.
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