CN110995358B - Microwave phase shifting method and device and high-stability photo-generated microwave source - Google Patents
Microwave phase shifting method and device and high-stability photo-generated microwave source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave phase-shifting method for shifting the frequency of omega1The microwave signal is divided into two paths; one path of the signal is mixed with the microwave signal to be phase-shifted to extract an up-conversion/down-conversion signal, the other path of the signal is subjected to electro-optical intensity modulation, the obtained modulated optical signal is subjected to optical fiber delay with the delay amount of tau and then to demodulation, and finally, the obtained demodulated signal is mixed with the up-conversion/down-conversion signal to extract a signal component with the same frequency as the microwave signal to be phase-shifted, namely, the signal component with the phase-shift amount of omega is obtained1τ to phase-shift the microwave signal to be phase-shifted. The invention also discloses a microwave phase-shifting device and a photo-generated microwave source. The invention can realize large-range and high-precision microwave phase shift and realize the generation of high-quality microwave signals with ultrahigh stability on the basis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave phase-shifting method and a microwave phase-shifting device.
Background
Microwave sources are devices that generate microwave signals of a certain frequency and corresponding power, and commonly known are quartz crystal oscillators and dielectric oscillators. The quartz crystal oscillator, also called quartz resonator, crystal oscillator for short, is made of quartz crystal wafer with piezoelectric effect. When the frequency of the alternating electric field is the same as the natural frequency of the quartz crystal, the vibration becomes very strong, which is the reaction of the resonance characteristic of the crystal. By utilizing this characteristic, it is possible to replace LC (coil and capacitor) resonant circuits, filters, and the like with quartz resonators. The quartz resonator has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high reliability, high frequency stability and the like, and is applied to household appliances and communication equipment. Quartz resonators have extremely high frequency stability, and are therefore mainly used as resonance elements in oscillation circuits requiring very stable frequency. The dielectric oscillator has the advantages of high frequency stability, low noise, small volume, simple structure, low price, insensitivity to mechanical vibration and power supply transient process and the like, so the development of the dielectric oscillator also draws wide attention at home and abroad, and the dielectric oscillator is applied to a plurality of fields, such as a communication system, a radar beacon, an electronic countermeasure receiver, a missile responder, special test equipment, a meteorological radar and the like.
However, conventional microwave sources suffer from the fact that they generate signals at relatively low frequencies, requiring multiple frequency doubling if higher frequency signals are desired, and the phase noise penalty introduced by frequency doubling is typically more than 20log (n) dB theoretically. Therefore, the traditional microwave source is increasingly difficult to be competent for the work of the local vibration source in modern society radar, electronic countermeasure, 5G communication and test measurement. The research on the natural vibration source of the novel high-frequency high-quality phase noise is urgent. The optoelectronic oscillator as a "final oscillator" has been developed to overcome the bottleneck encountered by conventional microwave sources.
The optoelectronic oscillator uses the idea of oscillator construction, and therefore, it is also necessary to satisfy the amplitude condition and the phase condition required for oscillation. The amplitude condition can be realized by adding a proper low-phase noise amplifier, and the phase condition is changed due to the phase fluctuation of the long optical fiber caused by the influence of temperature and vibration, so that the oscillation state is damaged. The influence of phase fluctuation on the photoelectric oscillation loop can be effectively improved by using a phase shifting method, so that researchers introduce a microwave phase shifter into the photoelectric oscillation loop to improve the quality of a microwave signal generated by a photo-generated microwave source.
Common phase shifting methods include voltage-controlled phase shifters, digital phase shifters, numerical control delay lines, voltage-controlled delay lines, and the like. A voltage controlled phase shifter is a device that uses voltage to control phase changes. As the voltage increases or decreases, the phase change introduced by the voltage controlled phase shifter will also change linearly accordingly. The digital phase shifter is a new generation portable electrical instrument which consists of a phase shifting transformer, a digital phase display instrument, a voltage and current digital display meter, a power supply and other units, and can meet the requirements of three-phase shifting and single phase shifter. The numerical control optical fiber delay line is a device which can increase or decrease the distance of optical fiber transmission to achieve time delay. The voltage controlled fiber delay line uses a similar principle, but the control argument becomes the voltage signal input to the voltage controlled fiber delay line. Zhanghan base et al [ Zhanghan base, bandwidth 24-60 MHz phase shift 360 degree voltage controlled phase shifter [ J ] radio communication technology, 1989(04):35-38+47 ], made the 24-60 MHz phase shift 360 degree voltage controlled phase shifter, through using the transistor phase splitting, with varactor series connection as the adjustable capacitance capacitive reactance arm and the emitter lead out resistance composition capacitance phase shifter method to realize the phase shift range 360 degrees, harmonic suppression ratio is greater than 30dB phase shifter. Qixue shijie et al [ qixue, double-gem, qiqi ] research on high-precision optical fiber delay lines [ J ] photoelectric engineering, 2009,36(6):72-75 ] designs the topological structure of the optical fiber delay line by influencing the precision of the optical fiber delay line by errors caused by optical fiber connection and optical switches. And when the optical switch error is smaller than 1ps, the precision of the optical fiber delay line is lower than 2 ps. However, the first method has the limitations of small phase shift range, high process requirement, narrow bandwidth and the like; the second method suffers from the difficulty of achieving results at the process level close to the theoretical expectations. Moreover, the common phase shifting method neglects the large-range phase shifting capability while ensuring the performance index of high-precision phase shifting. The long optical fiber used in the photoelectric oscillator is sensitive to temperature, if the long optical fiber meets large temperature change and temperature impact, great phase drift is easily caused, the phase drift compensation and frequency locking in such a large range are difficult to realize by using a traditional phase-shifting scheme in combination with a phase-locked loop, so that the use environment of the photoelectric oscillator is limited, and the effective application of the photoelectric oscillator in the fields of radio frequency, microwave photon and the like which require low noise and high-performance microwave local oscillation is further limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the existing microwave phase shifting technology and provides a microwave phase shifting method and device capable of realizing large-range and high-precision; and on the basis, a high-stability photo-generated microwave source is provided, and high-quality microwave signals with ultrahigh stability can be output.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a microwave phase shift method for shifting the frequency to omega1The microwave signal is divided into two paths; one path of the signal is mixed with the microwave signal to be phase-shifted to extract an up-conversion/down-conversion signal, the other path of the signal is subjected to electro-optical intensity modulation, the obtained modulated optical signal is subjected to optical fiber delay with the delay amount of tau and then to demodulation, and finally, the obtained demodulated signal is mixed with the up-conversion/down-conversion signal to extract a signal component with the same frequency as the microwave signal to be phase-shifted, namely, the signal component with the phase-shift amount of omega is obtained1τ to phase-shift the microwave signal to be phase-shifted.
Further, by varying ω1Or/and τ to adjust the amount of phase shift.
Preferably, the mixed signal is amplified first.
Preferably, the frequency is ω1The microwave signal of (2) is generated by a voltage-controlled oscillation method.
A microwave phase shifting device, comprising:
a microwave source for generating a frequency of omega1The microwave signal is divided into two paths;
a first mixer for mixing one path of signal with frequency of ω1Mixing the microwave signal with the microwave signal to be phase-shifted;
the first filter is used for extracting up-conversion/down-conversion signals in the mixed signals output by the first mixer;
an electro-optical intensity modulator for modulating the other channel with frequency of omega1The microwave signal is subjected to electro-optical intensity modulation;
the time delay optical fiber is used for carrying out optical fiber time delay with the time delay amount of tau on the modulated optical signal output by the electro-optical intensity modulator;
the photoelectric detector is used for demodulating the modulated optical signal after time delay;
a second mixer for mixing the demodulated signal output by the photodetector with the up-converted/down-converted signal;
a second filter for extracting signal component with same frequency as the microwave signal to be phase-shifted from the output signal of the second mixer to obtain phase-shifted signal component omega1τ to phase-shift the microwave signal to be phase-shifted.
Further, ω is1Or/and τ is adjustable by varying ω1Or/and τ to adjust the amount of phase shift.
Preferably, the microwave phase shifting device further comprises two amplifiers respectively connected in series after the first mixer and the second mixer.
Preferably, the microwave source generates the frequency omega by a voltage-controlled oscillation method1The microwave signal of (2).
A high-stability photo-generated microwave source comprises a photoelectric oscillation loop, wherein the microwave phase-shifting device in any technical scheme is arranged in the photoelectric oscillation loop.
Furthermore, the high-stability photo-generated microwave source further comprises a feedback control part, which is used for performing feedback control on the frequency of the microwave signal output by the microwave source in the microwave phase-shifting device according to the oscillation signal in the photoelectric oscillation loop.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention creatively provides the method for carrying out the phase shift processing on the microwave signal by utilizing the combination of the electro-optical modulation and the microwave frequency mixing, and can simultaneously realize the phase shift operation with large range and high precision; the microwave phase shift technology is used in a microwave signal generation scheme based on a photoelectric oscillator, and high-stability photo-generated microwave signal output can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave phase shifting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the highly stable microwave light source.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the existing microwave phase shifting technology, the idea of the invention is to utilize the combination of electro-optical modulation and microwave frequency mixing to perform the phase shifting processing of microwave signals, thereby simultaneously realizing the phase shifting operation with large range and high precision. The microwave phase-shifting method of the invention is as follows:
will have a frequency of ω1The microwave signal is divided into two paths; one path of the signal is mixed with the microwave signal to be phase-shifted to extract an up-conversion/down-conversion signal, the other path of the signal is subjected to electro-optical intensity modulation, the obtained modulated optical signal is subjected to optical fiber delay with the delay amount of tau and then to demodulation, and finally, the obtained demodulated signal is mixed with the up-conversion/down-conversion signal to extract a signal component with the same frequency as the microwave signal to be phase-shifted, namely, the signal component with the phase-shift amount of omega is obtained1τ to phase-shift the microwave signal to be phase-shifted.
The microwave phase shift device of the invention comprises:
a microwave source for generating a frequency of omega1The microwave signal is divided into two paths;
a first mixer for mixing one path of signal with frequency of ω1Mixing the microwave signal with the microwave signal to be phase-shifted;
the first filter is used for extracting up-conversion/down-conversion signals in the mixed signals output by the first mixer;
an electro-optical intensity modulator for modulating the other channel with frequency of omega1The microwave signal is subjected to electro-optical intensity modulation;
the time delay optical fiber is used for carrying out optical fiber time delay with the time delay amount of tau on the modulated optical signal output by the electro-optical intensity modulator;
the photoelectric detector is used for demodulating the modulated optical signal after time delay;
a second mixer for mixing the demodulated signal output by the photodetector with the up-converted/down-converted signal;
a second filter for extracting signal component with same frequency as the microwave signal to be phase-shifted from the output signal of the second mixer to obtain phase-shifted signal component omega1·τThe phase-shifted microwave signal to be phase-shifted.
In the above scheme, ω can be changed1Or/and tau, preferably by varying omega1The phase shift amount is adjusted preferably by using a voltage-controlled sweep frequency module as the microwave source, and the microwave sweep frequency signal is generated by using a voltage-controlled oscillation method, so that omega can be finely adjusted1。
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the microwave phase shifting apparatus of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the microwave phase shifting apparatus includes a mixer 1, a mixer 2, an amplifier 1, an amplifier 2, a low-pass filter, a band-pass filter, an intensity modulator, a laser source, a voltage-controlled frequency-sweeping module, a photodetector, and a delay fiber (with a delay τ). The voltage-controlled frequency sweep module outputs frequency omega1The microwave signal and the microwave signal to be phase-shifted are mixed in a mixer 1 to obtain a signal containing sum frequency and difference frequency of the two microwave signals, then the signal is filtered out to obtain down-conversion (up-conversion) signals through a corresponding low-pass (or high-pass) filter, and then the down-conversion (up-conversion) signals are injected into a mixer 2 through an amplifier 2; the other path of frequency output by the voltage-controlled frequency sweeping module is omega1The microwave signal is electro-optically modulated by an intensity modulator, the generated modulated optical signal passes through a delay optical fiber with the delay amount of tau and is demodulated by a photoelectric detector, and the demodulated electrical signal carries the phase change caused by the delay optical fiber with the delay amount of tau
The demodulated signal and the down-converted (up-converted) signal are mixed by the mixer 2 and then output with a phase change
The same frequency signal and other irrelevant signals of the microwave signal to be phase-shifted are subjected to phase change by a band-pass filter
Extracting the same frequency signal of the microwave signal to be phase-shifted to obtain the phase shift amount omega1τ to phase-shift the microwave signal to be phase-shifted.
Let the phase-shift microwave signal be Acos (omega)it), the output of the voltage-controlled frequency sweeping module is Bcos (omega)1t), then after passing through the mixer 1, the output is:
assuming down conversion, a low-pass filter is used to filter out the high-frequency component, and the output is:
after passing through an amplifier with a gain of γ, the output is:
this signal is injected into one of the ends of the mixer 2.
Delay of tau2The time delay fiber of (2) is derived as follows:
voltage controlled frequency sweep module output Bcos (omega)1t), electro-optically modulating the intensity of the light beam by using an intensity modulator, and outputting:
for the sake of derivation, α v is assumed to be the injected light signal modulation voltage without a DC termπWhen only the positive and negative first-second order sidebands are considered (the remaining high order sidebands are not considered because the power is too low and can be filtered by the band-pass filter), let the injected light signal be E0cos(ω0t), then the modulated optical signal is output as:
wherein,
theta is the inherent phase difference of the intensity modulator,
is the modulation index.
After being delayed by the delay fiber tau, the output is as follows:
second order sidebands can also be filtered out, so:
after the modulated optical signal receiving and demodulating module 2, the following results are obtained:
obviously, the output frequency is 2fD＝ω1But can be simply expressed as E due to the addition of the fiber delay τ1cos(ω1(t-τ))。
Thus, the frequency ω is output by fine control of the frequency sweep1Can realize the large-range adjustment (omega) of the phase of the microwave signal1τ)。
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a highly stable photo-generated microwave source implemented by using the microwave phase shifting device of the present invention in combination with a photo-electric oscillator for generating a high quality single frequency photo-generated microwave signal. As shown in fig. 2, which includes a wide range phase shift phase section, an opto-electronic oscillation loop section, and a phase lock loop section. Wherein, the photoelectric oscillation loop part comprises a modulation optical signal generation module 1 and a long optical fiber (the delay amount is tau)1) The microwave optical signal receiving and demodulating device comprises a modulated optical signal receiving and demodulating module 1, an amplifier, a power divider, a phase shifting module and the like, wherein the phase shifting module enables the microwave optical signal receiving and demodulating device to be used as a microwave receiving and demodulating deviceA phase shifting device. The wide-range phase shift part consists of a voltage-controlled frequency sweep module, a frequency mixer and a time-delay optical fiber (the time delay is tau)2) The phase-change amplifier comprises an amplifier, a low-pass (high-pass) filter, a band-pass filter, an electro-optical intensity modulator, a laser, a photoelectric detector and the like, is responsible for providing phase change quantity which can be adjusted in a large range, high precision and high speed, and is the core innovation point of the phase-change amplifier. The phase-locked loop part consists of a high-quality reference signal source, a frequency and phase discrimination module and a signal detection and feedback control module and is responsible for carrying out feedback control on the frequency and the phase of a photoelectric oscillation loop which changes with the phase relation of the high-quality microwave reference source to achieve stability, so that a stable high-quality photo-generated microwave signal is output. The voltage-controlled frequency sweep module outputs frequency omega1And is divided into two paths: one path of the microwave signal is mixed with a microwave signal to be phase-shifted, which is input by a photoelectric oscillation loop, and a down-conversion (up-conversion) signal is filtered out by a low-pass (high-pass) filter; the other path is modulated by electro-optical and demodulated to increase omega1·τ2The amount of phase change of (a). Two paths of signals are output by a band-pass filter with the center frequency as the target photoelectric oscillation frequency after frequency mixing, and the phase shift omega with large range can be ensured1·τ2And outputting the high-quality photo-generated microwave signal. The phase-locked loop part controls the voltage-controlled frequency sweeping module in a feedback mode, and the output signal can be compensated when the phase drift occurs.
In conclusion, the invention overcomes the problem that the phase control range of the traditional voltage-controlled phase shifter and the traditional adjustable optical delay line is limited, overcomes the problem that the phase locking is difficult to continue after the single phase-locked loop loses the lock, and solves the problem that the loss phase quantity is difficult to compensate when the grinding and polishing process is used for fine adjustment of the optical fiber length. The invention can realize large-range phase shift and finely adjust the output frequency omega of the voltage-controlled frequency sweep module1Or fine adjustment of the delay quantity tau of the delay fiber2A fine phase change can be achieved. Meanwhile, the speed of the adjustment of the voltage-controlled frequency sweeping module is extremely high, so that the phase shifting scheme provided by the invention can be realized in a short time. In summary, the invention breaks the bottleneck of limited phase control range of the traditional phase shift scheme, provides a large-range, high-speed and high-precision phase shift scheme for the related application of microwave phase shift, and is high in qualityThe quantum photo-generating microwave source provides a powerful support.
Claims (6)
1. A microwave phase shifting apparatus, comprising:
a microwave source for generating a frequency of omega1The microwave signal is divided into two paths;
a first mixer for mixing one path of signal with frequency of ω1Mixing the microwave signal with the microwave signal to be phase-shifted;
the first filter is used for extracting up-conversion/down-conversion signals in the mixed signals output by the first mixer;
an electro-optical intensity modulator for modulating the other channel with frequency of omega1The microwave signal is subjected to electro-optical intensity modulation;
the time delay optical fiber is used for carrying out optical fiber time delay with the time delay amount of tau on the modulated optical signal output by the electro-optical intensity modulator;
the photoelectric detector is used for demodulating the modulated optical signal after time delay;
a second mixer for mixing the demodulated signal output by the photodetector with the up-converted/down-converted signal;
a second filter for extracting signal component with same frequency as the microwave signal to be phase-shifted from the output signal of the second mixer to obtain phase-shifted signal component omega1τ to phase-shift the microwave signal to be phase-shifted.
2. The microwave phase-shifting apparatus of claim 1, wherein ω is ω1Or/and τ is adjustable by varying ω1Or/and τ to adjust the amount of phase shift.
3. The microwave phase shifting apparatus of claim 2, further comprising two amplifiers connected in series after the first mixer and the second mixer, respectively.
4. The microwave phase shifting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the microwave source generates the frequency ω by voltage controlled oscillation1The microwave signal of (2).
5. A high-stability photo-generated microwave source comprises a photoelectric oscillation loop, and is characterized in that the microwave phase shifting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is arranged in the photoelectric oscillation loop.
6. The highly stable microwave source of claim 5 further comprising a feedback control section for feedback controlling the frequency of the microwave signal output from the microwave source in the microwave phase shifting device according to the oscillation signal in the photoelectric oscillation loop.
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