CN110993904A - Preparation method of nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material and application of nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material to sodium ion battery electrode - Google Patents
Preparation method of nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material and application of nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material to sodium ion battery electrode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrode material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material and application of the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material to a sodium ion battery electrode. The method comprises the steps of taking potassium antimony tartrate as an antimony source, taking dopamine hydrochloride as a nitrogen source and a carbon source, carrying out liquid phase reaction at room temperature to obtain a precursor, and carrying out centrifugation, washing, drying and carbonization treatment to obtain the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material. In the reaction process, the hydrolysis speed of antimony in the solution can be effectively controlled by controlling the pH value of the reaction solution, and meanwhile, dopamine is subjected to slow polymerization reaction to form polydopamine which is coated on the surface of a hydrolysate. After the precursor obtained by the method is subjected to carbonization treatment, the antimony-doped carbon composite material with uniformly distributed interior can be formed, and the increase of the volume of the electrode material can be effectively relieved in the charging and discharging processes of the battery, so that the sodium ion battery can keep higher specific capacity. The method is simple and rapid, does not need complex equipment, has low cost and is suitable for mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrode material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material and application of the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material to a sodium ion battery electrode.
Background
With the rapid development of 3C electronic products, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage power stations, lithium ion batteries, especially power batteries, are also rapidly developed as main energy storage products, wherein the power batteries are about to become the largest driving engine in the coming years. However, graphite or hard carbon is currently commonly used as the negative electrode in commercial lithium ion batteries. Due to the characteristics that the theoretical specific capacity of the carbon material is limited (372 mAh/g) and the carbon material is inflammable, the energy density and the safety of the lithium ion battery are further improved, and the requirements of long endurance mileage, high safety and long cycle life of the lithium ion battery of the current and future products are difficult to meet. Meanwhile, the lithium resources on the earth are limited, so that the development of the lithium battery in the fields of future electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop energy storage battery systems with abundant resources and low cost. Compared with a lithium source with limited reserve and high price, the sodium element has similar physical properties with the lithium element, and has richer reserve and low cost. Therefore, in recent years, researches on sodium ion battery materials with high specific capacity, long cycle life and low cost have been receiving attention from researchers.
At present, some reports of high capacity and stable cycle have been made on positive electrode materials of sodium ion batteries, such as layered NaxMO2(M-Co, Fe, Mn, V, etc.), olivine-type NaFePO4And the like. However, there is still less research on high-capacity and high-stability negative electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries, and the negative electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries still face a series of challenges. The antimony (Sb) material has lower price and higher theoretical sodium-insertion specific capacity (660 mAh.g)-1) It is one of the negative electrode materials for developing high-performance sodium ion batteries. However, pure Sb expands in volume during charge/discharge severely (about 250%), resulting in structural destruction of the battery and deterioration of cycle performance. Meanwhile, the Sb material has the problems of low coulombic efficiency for the first time and the like. To improve the performance of Sb materials, a great deal of research is currently conducted, mainly including: 1) introducing an inert matrix to construct an M-Sb alloy (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu); 2) designing a porous/hollow Sb structure; 3) introducing a carbon material to construct an Sb/C composite material; 4) an integrated electrode is constructed to improve the conductivity and stability of the electrode; 5) an effective SEI film is constructed, and the first coulombic efficiency is improved. However, many problems still exist in these methods and materials to be solved, so as to improve the stability and first effect of Sb materials.
The compounding of the carbon material and Sb can improve the conductivity of Sb, prevent Sb particles from agglomerating and relieve the volume change of Sb in the process of sodium intercalation, thereby improving the cycling stability of Sb. For example, the composite material prepared by high-energy ball milling of the carbon nanotubes and Sb has better sodium storage performance. In addition, the Sb @ C hollow nanospheres with the yolk-eggshell structure, the rod-shaped Sb/C, the one-dimensional Sb/C, the pea-shaped and other nitrogen-doped Sb/C composite materials and the like all show excellent lithium/sodium storage performance. The introduction of the carbon material can well improve the Sb-based sodium storage performance, but the problems of large-scale preparation and yield of the material still need to be overcome. The preparation methods of the antimony-carbon composite negative electrode material reported at present include a ball milling method, a sol-gel method, an electrostatic spinning method, a spray drying method and the like. The ball milling method, the sol-gel method and the electrostatic spinning method have the problems of uneven preparation materials, high energy consumption in the production process, small yield, complex operation process and the like, and are not beneficial to large-scale industrial production. Recently, a small amount of research has been conducted on the preparation of antimony-carbon composite electrode materials by spray drying. However, in the above reports, a solution of antimony chloride is generally used as a precursor, and the antimony chloride is likely to agglomerate into larger particles during the spray drying process, so that the sizes of the metallic antimony particles in the prepared antimony-carbon composite material are not uniform, and the damage of the electrode and the attenuation of the battery capacity are likely to occur during the charging and discharging processes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material, so as to improve the electrochemical stability of an antimony metal cathode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an antimony tartrate salt solution, adding a proper amount of dopamine hydrochloride, uniformly stirring to obtain a clear solution, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.0-10.5 by using an alkaline solution, and continuously stirring to obtain a precursor, wherein the mass ratio of the antimony tartrate salt to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1: 0.5-5, preferably 1: 1-2, the reaction temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-20 hours;
B. centrifuging, washing and drying the precursor, and then carbonizing the precursor in a protective atmosphere at 400-600 ℃, preferably 450-500 ℃ for 1-4 h to obtain the catalyst.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the solution in the step A is water or ethanol solution, and the content of the ethanol solution is 10-50%.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the antimony tartrate in the step A is potassium antimony tartrate or sodium antimony tartrate, and the molar concentration is 0.01-1 mol/L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alkaline solution in step a is an aqueous solution of ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or tris.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the drying treatment in the step B is any one of freeze drying, supercritical drying and thermal drying, the drying temperature is-50-80 ℃, and the drying time is 4-30 h.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective atmosphere in the step B is nitrogen, argon, a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas or an argon-hydrogen mixed gas.
According to the invention, an antimony-containing organic precursor is synthesized by adopting a liquid phase, the slow hydrolysis of antimony salt is realized in a weak alkaline environment, meanwhile, the weak alkaline environment can promote the formation of polydopamine, the polydopamine can be adsorbed on the surface of a hydrolysate of the antimony salt to form a coating layer, and the obtained composite material is subjected to carbonization treatment in a protective atmosphere to obtain the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material.
The nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is in a nano spherical structure, and the radius of the nano spherical structure is about 200 nm.
The invention also aims to apply the prepared nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material to the sodium ion battery electrode.
The resulting composite was mixed with acetylene black and PVDF in a 8: 1:1, adding a proper amount of NMP solvent dropwise, grinding and uniformly mixing, coating the uniformly mixed slurry on the surface of a copper foil, placing the copper foil coated with the slurry in an oven for drying treatment, cutting and nursing the obtained pole piece, then assembling a battery by taking a metal sodium sheet as a counter electrode, wherein a diaphragm adopts a glass fiber membrane, and an electrolyte is an organic electrolyte containing sodium perchlorate.
Advantageous effects
The composite material prepared by the invention belongs to a nano material, can ensure good electrochemical activity, and simultaneously can provide enough protection effect by the carbon coating layer, so that the material has high specific capacity, large energy density and good rate characteristic. Compared with the existing synthesis technology, the method has the advantages of simple synthesis path, easily obtained raw materials, no dependence on complex equipment, contribution to reducing energy consumption and process cost and easiness in realizing industrial large-scale production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material prepared in example 2.
Fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the charge-discharge cycle performance of the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein should be construed to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Example 1
A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an antimony potassium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.02 mol/L;
(2) weighing a proper amount of dopamine hydrochloride, dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride into the antimony potassium tartrate solution, and stirring to fully dissolve the dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride is 0.01 mol/L; the mass ratio of the antimony potassium tartrate to the dopamine hydrochloride is 2: 1, dripping ammonia water to adjust the pH value of the solution to 8, and stirring for 12 hours;
(3) centrifuging the precipitate at the lower layer, washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 to 3 times, and drying with an air-blast drying oven at 70 deg.C;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the product obtained in the step (3) by using a tubular furnace, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 500 ℃, the temperature rising time is 2 degrees/min, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the protective atmosphere is argon-hydrogen mixed gas.
The prepared nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material is applied to a sodium ion battery electrode, and tests show that the obtained material is 0.5 A.mg-1After 100 cycles of the current, 330 mAh g-1The discharge capacity of (2).
Example 2
A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mixed solution of sodium antimony tartrate and ethanol, wherein the volume ratio of water to ethanol is 8: 2, the concentration of the sodium antimony tartrate is 0.02 mol/L;
(2) weighing a proper amount of dopamine hydrochloride, dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride into an antimony sodium tartrate solution, and stirring to fully dissolve the dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride is 0.01 mol/L; wherein the mass ratio of the sodium antimony tartrate to the dopamine hydrochloride is 2: 1, dripping sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 8, and stirring for 10 hours at 40 ℃;
(3) centrifuging the solution obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 to 3 times, and drying by using a forced air drying oven at the temperature of 70 ℃;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the product obtained in the step (3) by using a tubular furnace, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 450 ℃, the temperature rising time is 2 degrees/min, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, and the protective atmosphere is argon-hydrogen mixed gas.
The prepared nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material is applied to a sodium ion battery electrode, and tests show that the obtained material is 0.5 A.mg-1After 100 cycles of the current, 325 mAh g-1The discharge capacity of (2).
Example 3
A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an antimony potassium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2 mol/L;
(2) weighing a proper amount of dopamine hydrochloride, dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride into the antimony potassium tartrate solution, and stirring to fully dissolve the dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride is 0.1 mol/L; wherein the mass ratio of the potassium antimonate tartrate to the dopamine hydrochloride is 2: 1, dripping potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of the solution to 8, and stirring for 12 hours;
(3) centrifuging the solution obtained in the step (2), washing for 2 to 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then freeze-drying at the temperature of-55 ℃ for 24 hours;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the product obtained in the step (3) by using a tubular furnace, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 500 ℃, the temperature rising time is 2 degrees/min, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the protective atmosphere is argon-hydrogen mixed gas.
The prepared nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material is applied to a sodium ion battery electrode, and tests show that the obtained material is 0.5 A.mg-1After 100 cycles of the current, 328 mAh g-1The discharge capacity of (2).
Example 4
A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an antimony potassium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2 mol/L;
(2) weighing a proper amount of dopamine hydrochloride, dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride into a potassium antimony tartrate solution, and stirring to fully dissolve the dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride is 0.1 mol/L; wherein the mass ratio of the potassium antimonate tartrate to the dopamine hydrochloride is 2: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the solution, wherein the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water in the solution is 1: 2, dripping a lithium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the solution to 8, and stirring the obtained solution for 12 hours;
(3) centrifuging the solution obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 to 3 times, and drying by using a forced air drying oven at the temperature of 70 ℃;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the product obtained in the step (3) by using a tubular furnace, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 500 ℃, the temperature rising time is 2 degrees/min, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the protective atmosphere is argon-hydrogen mixed gas.
The prepared nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material is applied to a sodium ion battery electrode, and tests show that the obtained material is 0.5 A.mg-1After 100 cycles of the current, 326 mAh g-1The discharge capacity of (2).
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. preparing an antimony tartrate salt solution, adding a proper amount of dopamine hydrochloride, uniformly stirring to obtain a clear solution, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.0-10.5 by using an alkaline solution, and continuously stirring to obtain a precursor, wherein the mass ratio of the antimony tartrate salt to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1: 0.5-5, the reaction temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-20 hours;
B. centrifuging, washing and drying the precursor, and then carbonizing the precursor in a protective atmosphere at 400-600 ℃, preferably 450-500 ℃ for 1-4 h to obtain the catalyst.
2. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solution in the step A is water or ethanol solution, and the content of the ethanol solution is 10-50%.
3. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the antimony tartrate salt is potassium antimony tartrate or sodium antimony tartrate, and the molar concentration is 0.01-1 mol/L.
4. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alkaline solution in the step A is ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or tris aqueous solution.
5. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the antimony tartrate to the dopamine hydrochloride in the step A is 1: 1-2.
6. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the drying treatment in the step B is any one of freeze drying, supercritical drying and thermal drying, the drying temperature is-50-80 ℃, and the drying time is 4-30 h.
7. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step B, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon, a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas or an argon-hydrogen mixed gas.
8. A nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material of claim 8, wherein: the appearance is a nano spherical structure, and the radius of the nano spherical structure is about 200 nm.
10. Use of the nitrogen-doped antimony-carbon composite material according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: it is applied to sodium ion battery electrodes.
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| CN114628669A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Carbon-carrier nitrogen-doped Fe2O3@ NC and preparation and application thereof |
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