CN110991021B - Variable density three-dimensional simulation method for high dam drainage diversion water tongue - Google Patents
Variable density three-dimensional simulation method for high dam drainage diversion water tongue Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a variable density simulation calculation method capable of simulating a drain tongue. The water body and the gas are mixed mutually in the development process of the water tongue, the water tongue spreads and spreads around, the mixed gas in the water body and the water tongue is considered as a whole, and the density of the water tongue is considered to be gradually reduced in the falling process of the water tongue. The method is clear in theory, and the characteristics of the water tongue are reasonably simulated, so that the motion track of the water tongue and the impact pressure on two sides of a downstream river channel and a plunge pool can be accurately calculated, and effective protection can be conveniently realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, relates to a method for simulating a diversion water tongue, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional simulation method for a high dam drainage diversion water tongue.
Technical Field
At present, how to eliminate the safety influence of high-speed water flow caused by a high-dam water discharge building on engineering is a technical problem which needs to be effectively solved in the design of a power station when part of high-dam power stations in southwest areas of China are in planning and design. The technical problem to be effectively solved is to accurately simulate the diversion water tongue caused by the spillway outlet flip bucket of the high dam spillway.
For a water discharge building, the flip-flop energy dissipation is the most commonly used energy dissipation mode, and has the advantages of simple structure, small engineering quantity and small investment, but the flip-flop water tongue caused by flip-flop bank type generates impact pressure on a downstream slope and a plunge pool and even damages the downstream slope and the plunge pool, so that accurate simulation and prediction of the water tongue movement track, the water inlet point position, the water inlet angle, the water inlet speed and the impact pressure on a downstream bed surface are one of the most concerned problems in water tongue analysis research. With the rapid development of computer performance, a numerical simulation method is utilized to research a diversion water tongue to become a new means, but most numerical simulation researches do not consider the mutual blending of the water tongue and the surrounding air in the movement process of the water tongue, and the water tongue is contracted and thinned in order to meet a continuity equation in the falling process, and forms a local very large impact pressure after entering a water cushion pond, so that the water tongue development process calculated by the simulation method without considering the mutual blending of the water tongue and the surrounding air obviously does not accord with the prototype water tongue change process. Therefore, a new method needs to be proposed, and the aeration and expansion processes in the development process of the water tongue are considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the existing calculation method and providing a variable density simulation calculation method capable of simulating a drain tongue. The water body and the gas are mixed mutually in the development process of the water tongue, and the water tongue spreads and spreads around. The mixing gas in the water body and the water tongue is regarded as a whole, and the density of the water tongue is considered to be gradually reduced in the falling process of the water tongue. The method is clear in theory, and the characteristics of the water tongue are reasonably simulated, so that the motion track of the water tongue and the impact pressure on two sides of a downstream river channel and a plunge pool can be accurately calculated, and effective protection can be conveniently realized.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
based on the empirical formula of the watertongue along-distance thickening:
h＝h o +0.04s (1-1)
h is the thickness of the along-the-way tongue, h o The initial tab thickness (the tab thickness of the pick-up outlet is taken separately).
Deriving the tongue density along-the-way change formula by integrating a continuity equation, a geometric relation and the like.
Deducing a water tongue density along-way change formula according to the following thought:
(1)：
and calculating the thickness h of the along-the-way water tongue according to the water tongue empirical formula (1-1).
(2)：
In order to facilitate numerical simulation, the relation between the water tongue along distance density ρ and the X direction is obtained, so that the relation between the water tongue along distance s and the X is only needed to be determined.
Therefore, the following calculation is also performed:
the tongue is at the angle θ, the velocity v o Leaving the flip-flop, the flow rate can be broken down into vertical and horizontal movements, i.e., assuming free-fall movement (first up-down movement followed by down-up movement) of the water stream in the vertical direction H, and uniform movement (or a slow down movement given a negative acceleration) in the horizontal direction X.
Vertical direction movement distance: h= (v) o sinθ)*t+0.5gt 2 (1-2)
Distance of horizontal movement: x= (v) o cosθ)*t (1-3)
Two spaced apart watertongue spacings: ds= ((H) 2 -H 1 ) 2 +(X 2 -X 1 ) 2 ) 1/2 (1-4)
Taking a time interval dt, calculating H and X values at different moments, considering that the water tongue edge distance s between two moments is in a linear change relation due to the fact that the value dt is small, obtaining the water tongue distance ds between the two moments by using the formulas 1-4, and sequentially adding ds to obtain the water tongue edge distance s at the moment.
In the same way, the tongue is also considered to spread gradually in the spanwise direction, in which direction the tongue is considered to spread slower as no gravity acts, its width widens as follows, where B o Width of outlet:
B＝B o +0.005s (1-5)
(3)：
and then according to the flux conservation formula ρ o h o B 0 =ρhb, the density of each position along the path is obtained, so as to obtain the relationship between the distance s of the water tongue along the path and the water tongue density ρ,
ρ=f(s) (h=h when s=0 o ，ρ＝ρ o ) (1-6)
And (3) obtaining the relation between the water tongue edge distance s and X by combining the formulas (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4). Then according to the formulas (1-1), (1-5), and the flux formula ρ o h o B 0 The change relationship between the tongue distance s and the tongue density ρ is obtained.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention can better simulate the development process of the water tongue and accurately calculate index parameters such as the water tongue flow rate, the water tongue shape, the impact pressure caused by the water tongue in a downstream river channel, and the like. The hydraulic structure is reasonably designed according to the calculation structure by a designer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water tongue
FIG. 2 is a water tongue morphology
FIG. 3 spillway tongue density versus altitude curve
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a method for simulating the edge of a spillway drain tongue of a high dam spillway.
Empirical formula h=h based on watertongue edge thickening o +0.04s, h is the along-the-path tongue thickness, h o Is the initial tongue thickness, s is the tongue curve length.
Distance moved by vertical direction: h= (v) o sinθ)*t+0.5gt 2 And a horizontal direction movement distance: x= (v) o cos θ) t, calculating ds= ((H) at different dt times (dt takes 0.01 s) 2 -H 1 ) 2 +(X 2 -X 1 ) 2 ) 1/2 The ds at different dt times are added together to obtain the whole distance s. Empirical formula h=h thickened by the water tongue edge o +0.04s, calculating the along-line thickness h; and then according to the span width formula b=b o +0.005s along Cheng Yizhan width B. Finally, the flux formula ρ is formed o B o h o Let ρ by ρbh o B o h o ＝ρ(B o +0.005s)(h o +0.04 s), and calculating to obtain an along-path density change formula.
Respectively calculating the working condition calculation parameter v o ＝42.346m/s，θ＝15°，h o =4.87 m substituted into the flux formula ρ o B o h o ＝ρ(B o +0.005s)(h o +0.04 s). Obtaining a spillway along-way change formula:
ρ＝-0.0000000101x 4 +0.0000168x 3 -0.00675x 2 -0.62x+590.87
wherein x is the distance in the x direction from the pick-up outlet (the pick-up outlet is 0, the length of the plunge pool is about 305 m), the formula is a fitting empirical formula, and the application range is 0< x <350m
The program secondary development function (UDF) is calculated by ANSYS (FLUENT) commercial software, adding the calculation program statements to the N-S equation solver (unknowns including flow rate, pressure, etc.). See FIG. 3
And carrying out numerical simulation calculation on the change process of the tongue of the spillway and the change process of the water flow pressure in the plunge pool.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the tongue also widens in the horizontal direction, consistent with the trend of the prototype tongue morphology.
In addition to the above embodiments, other embodiments of the present invention are also possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A variable density three-dimensional simulation method for a high dam drainage diversion water tongue comprises the following steps:
(1) The thickness h along Cheng Shuishe is calculated according to the tab empirical formula:
h＝h o +0.04s (1-1)
h in o The initial thickness of the water tongue, s is the distance along the water tongue;
(2) Calculating the water tongue edge distance s at different moments;
H＝(v o sinθ)*t+0.5gt 2 (1-2)
X＝(v o cosθ)*t (1-3)
ds＝((H 2 -H 1 ) 2 +(X 2 -X 1 ) 2 ) 1/2 (1-4)
in which θ is the tongue pick angle, v o The flow rate of the water tongue leaving the flip bucket, t is the movement time of the water tongue, H is the vertical movement distance and X is the horizontal movement distance; ds is the water tongue spacing of two positions apart;
calculating H and X values at different moments, obtaining a water tongue distance ds between two moments by using formulas 1-4, and then adding the sequence ds before each moment to obtain a water tongue edge distance s at the moment;
(3) The spanwise width formula of the tongue is:
B＝B 0 +0.005s (1-5)
in B of 0 The width of the outlet, s is the distance of the water tongue along the journey;
(4) According to the flux conservation formula ρ o h o B 0 ρhb, i.e. the flux of each section of the tongue along the path is equal, the density of the tongue at each position along the path is calculated:
ρ=f(s) (h=h when s=0 o ，ρ＝ρ o ) (1-6)
The relation between the water tongue distance s and H, X is obtained by combining the formulas (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4), and then the flux formula rho is calculated according to the formulas (1-1), (1-5) o h o B 0 The change relationship between the tongue distance s and the tongue density ρ is obtained.
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