CN110988834B - Pulse arrival time measuring method based on self-adaptive threshold value double thresholds - Google Patents
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Abstract
A pulse arrival time measuring method based on self-adaptive threshold double thresholds is characterized in that a more accurate pulse arrival time initial position is quickly obtained through double threshold detection. The method comprises the following steps: selecting one pulse in radar sampling echoes, counting the mean value, setting a detection threshold value in a self-adaptive manner, and calibrating each point of an echo signal through the threshold value; and counting jitter errors of front and rear edges of the transmitted waveforms in different forms, and obtaining stable and continuous signal sampling points by adopting an autocorrelation method according to an error tolerance range so as to obtain the arrival time of a single pulse. The invention reduces the complexity of the traditional pulse arrival time measuring method and improves the accuracy of the pulse arrival time measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a pulse arrival time measuring method based on self-adaptive threshold double thresholds, belongs to the technical field of radars, can be applied to a data acquisition and analysis system in the technical field of radars, and particularly relates to a pulse arrival time measuring method based on self-adaptive threshold double thresholds.
Background
For the technical field of radar, modern radar signal processing needs to collect a large amount of radar video echo data on site so as to analyze and research various characteristics of target echo signals and provide a basis for information extraction and processing of targets. However, as the electromagnetic environment of the modern electronic warfare is increasingly severe, the forms of radar transmission signals become various, and if the characteristics of collected echoes are to be effectively analyzed, accurate measurement of the arrival time of the radar signals in various forms is necessary to accurately intercept target echo signals.
Generally, when the signal-to-noise ratio of a signal is high, the arrival time of the signal can be determined directly through reasonable threshold detection. However, in the case of a low signal-to-noise ratio, since jitter errors increase due to noise and interference on the leading and trailing edges of the pulse, sampling points on the leading and trailing edges of the signal are easily buried in the noise or interference, and the arrival time of the signal pulse cannot be estimated directly through fixed threshold detection.
In order to solve the above problems, the following methods are generally employed: .
The methods have the problems of higher complexity and poorer real-time performance, and the self-adaptive threshold double-threshold measurement method can quickly and accurately position the leading edge of the pulse and has low complexity. Pulse arrival time measurement methods are described in various patent documents and non-patent documents through literature retrieval.
Patent document "a radar signal TOA estimation method based on matching autocorrelation algorithm" application number CN201710034262.3 proposes a radar signal TOA estimation method based on matching autocorrelation algorithm, which estimates a radar signal TOA by four steps of roughly estimating the start-stop time of a radar signal, estimating a transmitted radar signal model, calculating the response of matched filtering, and obtaining the peak point of the matched radar signal by matched filtering. The patent document "a detection method of pulse electromagnetic wave arrival time" application No. CN97109239.7 proposes a detection method for determining the arrival time of electromagnetic wave according to the statistical rule of the past electromagnetic wave to be measured, which is used to reduce the error caused by the waveform change to the time calibration in the pulse electromagnetic wave propagation process. Patent document "method and apparatus for measuring pulse arrival time with high accuracy" application No. CN201110398017.3 proposes a method and apparatus for measuring pulse arrival time with high accuracy. The method comprises the steps of generating a self-adaptive threshold by setting a fixed proportion, determining the initial arrival time of a pulse according to the self-adaptive threshold, obtaining the deviation of the arrival time of the pulse and averaging to measure the arrival time of the pulse, and is mainly used for accurately positioning and identifying the airplane in an airport area and improving the safety of the airport. Patent document "method for detecting radar pulse repetition frequency and estimating initial pulse arrival time" application number CN201610184489.1 proposes an improved method for detecting radar pulse repetition frequency and estimating initial pulse arrival time, which has high processing efficiency and less resource occupation, but has low accuracy for estimating initial pulse arrival time.
The non-patent document, "study of a TOA estimation method based on an autocorrelation algorithm", the author, on the other hand, studies the threshold setting problem of the autocorrelation algorithm for TOA estimation at a low signal-to-noise ratio, and by improving the threshold setting, the TOA misjudgment problem caused by too low signal-to-noise ratio is reduced; although the method reduces the problem of misjudgment to a certain extent, the accuracy is still not very high. The non-patent literature (research on TOA estimation method of pulse signals, marshy) researches on TOA estimation methods of signals in various forms, and provides a reciprocal correlation accumulation algorithm, the accuracy is improved to a certain extent, but the method depends on the estimation accuracy of signal parameters, and once the accuracy is lowered, the estimation accuracy of the arrival time of the signals is deteriorated; in addition, the document also provides a Haar wavelet transform algorithm, which has better performance, but the method has high implementation complexity and low estimation accuracy on signals in a more complex form.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a pulse arrival time measuring method based on self-adaptive threshold double thresholds, solves the problem that the estimation accuracy and the realization complexity of the traditional measuring method conflict with each other, and reduces the realization complexity while ensuring the measurement accuracy.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps:
a pulse arrival time measuring method based on an adaptive threshold double threshold comprises the following steps:
1) receiving a target echo signal detected by a radar, and sampling the target echo signal to obtain sampling data of all pulse sequences; the target echo signal is any one of a linear frequency modulation signal, a phase coding signal and an orthogonal coding signal;
2) randomly selecting a pulse position from the target echo signal as an interception starting point, and sequentially intercepting two pulse sequences with continuous time;
3) determining a first-stage adaptive threshold according to the two time-continuous pulse sequences;
4) according to the first-level self-adaptive threshold determined in the step 3), calibrating all the sampling data in the two intercepted pulse sequences one by one to obtain a calibration result, and forming a coarse calibration sequence S' corresponding to a target echo signal by the calibration result;
5) generating a reference echo signal according to the time TA0 of the first pulse in the target echo signal reaching the radar; then determining the jitter error probability P1 of the waveform front edge according to the reference echo signal;
6) determining an error tolerance coefficient P according to the waveform leading edge jitter error coefficient P1 in the step 5) and an error tolerance coefficient P2 designed by a system; the value range of the error tolerance coefficient P2 designed by the system is not lower than 0.95.
7) Generating a full 1 vector ones (N,1) with the length of N according to the error tolerance coefficient P in the step 6), the emission pulse width Tp, the pulse repetition period PRT and the sampling rate fs of the target echo signal;
8) carrying out convolution operation on the rough calibration sequence S' corresponding to the target echo signal in the step 4) and the full 1 vector ones (N,1) in the step 7) to obtain a convolution result with the length of 2L + N-1, and determining the time of the pulse at the interception starting point in the step 2) reaching the radar according to the convolution result so as to further determine the time of each pulse in the echo signal reaching the radar.
The pulse arrival time measuring method based on the self-adaptive threshold double-threshold has the characteristics of high processing efficiency and high measuring accuracy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method adopts a self-adaptive threshold value determination method to perform coarse calibration on the radar echo signal, remove invalid pulses and reduce the processing operation amount;
2) the invention sets error probability based on the different characteristics of the jitter errors of the front edge and the rear edge of the transmitted waveform, and can adapt to the measurement of the pulse arrival time of different forms of waveforms;
3) the invention adopts convolution operation to obtain stable and continuous signal sampling points and ensures the accuracy of pulse arrival time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between pulse width and pulse repetition period according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
A pulse arrival time measuring method based on self-adaptive threshold double thresholds is used for rapidly obtaining a more accurate pulse arrival time initial position through double threshold detection. The method comprises a first-stage adaptive threshold rough calibration, and a second-stage autocorrelation obtains stable and continuous signal sampling points.
The data acquisition system knows the current transmitting waveform parameters and the pulse repetition time interval, selects one pulse accumulation average for the acquired echo data, and obtains a first-level threshold value according to different pulse self-adaption.
Any one of the pulse cumulative averages may be selected and the unwanted pulses may be rejected after the second stage of processing.
And calibrating each point of the radar echo signal according to the self-adaptive threshold, wherein the point exceeding the threshold is marked as 1, and the point lower than the threshold is marked as 0, so as to obtain the signal envelope after the first-stage coarse calibration.
The input of the second stage is the signal envelope after the first stage coarse calibration, and the processing is divided into two parts: firstly, for different types of radar emission waveforms adopted by the radar system, front and back edge jitter errors of the waveforms are counted to obtain the probability P1 that the front and back edge jitter errors are calibrated to be 1 in the first-stage processing.
The radar transmit waveform may be a chirp signal, a phase encoded signal, a quadrature encoded signal, or other waveform agile signal.
Secondly, considering that the background of the radar sampling echo contains noise and interference signals, in order to eliminate jitter caused by the noise and the interference, according to an acceptable error tolerance range P2 and a known pulse length L of a system, carrying out convolution operation on a signal envelope after the first-stage coarse calibration and ones (N,1), extracting a peak position, and forwardly intercepting a signal with the pulse length to obtain stable and continuous signal sampling points so as to obtain the arrival time of a single pulse.
Background noise is a sequence with strong randomness, interference is relatively low in signal-to-interference ratio, and target signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio is relatively low.
The setting of the error tolerance range can improve the processing rate and the measurement accuracy.
The convolution operation can obtain a signal peak value, and stable and continuous signal sampling points are guaranteed to be obtained; and if the signal peak value is not obtained after convolution, the pulse is considered as an unwanted signal, and then the pulse is rejected.
The invention relates to a pulse arrival time measuring method based on an adaptive threshold double-threshold, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
1) receiving a target echo signal detected by a radar, and sampling the target echo signal to obtain sampling data of all pulse sequences; the target echo signal is any one of a linear frequency modulation signal, a phase coding signal and an orthogonal coding signal;
2) randomly selecting a pulse position from the target echo signal as an interception starting point, and sequentially intercepting two pulse sequences with continuous time;
3) determining a first-stage adaptive threshold according to the two time-continuous pulse sequences;
4) according to the first-level self-adaptive threshold determined in the step 3), calibrating all the sampling data in the two intercepted pulse sequences one by one to obtain a calibration result, and forming a coarse calibration sequence S' corresponding to a target echo signal by the calibration result;
5) generating a reference echo signal according to the time TA0 of the first pulse in the target echo signal reaching the radar; then determining the waveform leading edge jitter error probability P1 of the target echo signal according to the reference echo signal;
6) determining an error tolerance coefficient P according to the waveform leading edge jitter error coefficient P1 in the step 5) and an error tolerance coefficient P2 designed by a system; the value range of the error tolerance coefficient P2 designed by the system is not lower than 0.95.
7) Generating a full 1 vector ones (N,1) with the length of N according to the error tolerance coefficient P in the step 6), the emission pulse width Tp, the pulse repetition period PRT and the sampling rate fs of the target echo signal;
8) carrying out convolution operation on the rough calibration sequence S' corresponding to the target echo signal in the step 4) and the full 1 vector ones (N,1) in the step 7) to obtain a convolution result with the length of 2L + N-1, and determining the time of the pulse at the interception starting point in the step 2) reaching the radar according to the convolution result so as to further determine the time of each pulse in the echo signal reaching the radar.
The length L of the two intercepted pulse sequences with continuous time is the same, and the method for determining L specifically comprises the following steps:
L=PRT×fs;
as shown in fig. 2, PRT is a pulse repetition period of the target echo signal, and fs is a sampling rate of the target echo signal.
The method for determining the first-level adaptive threshold in step 3) specifically includes:
and obtaining the average value of the sampling data according to all the sampling data in the two pulse sequences, and taking the average value of the sampling data as a first-level self-adaptive threshold.
Step 5) the time of arrival of the first pulse in the reference echo signal at the radar is equal to TA 0; the pulse waveform, the emission pulse width, the number of pulse sequences, the pulse repetition period and the sampling rate of the reference echo signal are designed values.
Step 5) the method for determining the waveform leading edge jitter error probability P1 specifically comprises the following steps:
51) adding white noise into the reference echo signal to obtain a reference echo signal added with the white noise; intercepting two pulse sequences which are continuous in time from the reference echo signal added with the white noise, wherein the total length of the two pulse sequences intercepted from the reference echo signal added with the white noise is 2L, calibrating all sampling data in the two pulse sequences intercepted from the reference echo signal added with the white noise one by one according to the first-level self-adaptive threshold determined in the step 3), and forming a rough calibration sequence S' corresponding to the reference echo signal by using a calibration result;
52) adding different white noises into the reference echo signal again, and repeating the step 51) m times to obtain m coarse calibration sequences S' corresponding to the different white noises; m is a positive integer not less than 500;
53) obtaining a position corresponding to 1 as a calibration position for the first time in a coarse calibration sequence S' corresponding to a target echo signal;
54) searching for the number t of m coarse calibration sequences S' with the calibration position set as 1, and taking t/m as a waveform leading edge jitter error coefficient P1; and P1 is less than 1.
The calibration processing method specifically comprises the following steps: comparing each sample data with the first-level adaptive threshold, if the amplitude of the sample data is greater than the first-level adaptive threshold, calibrating the sample data to obtain a calibration result of 1, otherwise, calibrating the sample data to obtain a calibration result of 0.
The method for determining the error tolerance coefficient P in step 6) specifically includes:
if P1 is greater than P2, P belongs to [ P2, P1], and the decimal precision of P is taken as a percentile after a decimal point; if P1 is less than or equal to P2, P is equal to P2, and the decimal precision is the percentile value after the decimal point is rounded down. For example, P1-0.5, P2-0.749, P-0.75; p1 is 0.5, P2 is 0.75, and P is 0.75.
Step 7) the length N is specifically:
N=L'×P;
L'=(PRT-Tp)×fs。
step 8) the method for determining the time of arrival of the pulse at the interception starting point at the radar specifically comprises the following steps:
and sequentially numbering the convolution results, finding a maximum value in the convolution results, obtaining the number w of the maximum value, and taking the sampling time corresponding to the w-L' th sampling data in the two pulse sequences intercepted from the target echo signal in the step 2) as the time for the pulse of the interception starting point to reach the radar. Wherein L' is less than L and less than 2L plus N-1; w is less than 2L.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
A pulse arrival time measuring method based on self-adaptive threshold double thresholds is used for rapidly obtaining a more accurate pulse arrival time initial position through double threshold detection. The method comprises a first-stage adaptive threshold rough calibration, and a second-stage autocorrelation obtains stable and continuous signal sampling points.
Knowing that the transmitting waveform is a chirp signal, the transmitting pulse width is 40 microseconds (the corresponding sampling point is 400), the pulse repetition period is 400 microseconds (the corresponding sampling point is 4000), and the pulse width corresponding to the sampling echo is 360 microseconds (the corresponding sampling point is 3600); 1000 sampling echo signals under the conditions are generated by adding white noise simulation in advance, and 1000 Monte Carlo simulations are carried out, so that the jitter error of the front edge and the rear edge of the transmitted waveform is counted to be 98.7%, and the acceptable error tolerance range of the system is set to be 98%.
Selecting the first pulse of the collected radar echo signals to accumulate and average, and taking the value as the average value
First level threshold K1.
And calibrating each point of the radar echo signal according to a first-stage threshold value K1, wherein the point exceeding the threshold value is marked as 1, and the point lower than the threshold value is marked as 0, so as to obtain the signal envelope after the first-stage coarse calibration.
The second-stage input is the signal envelope after the first-stage coarse calibration, the signal vector and the ones (3528,1) are subjected to convolution operation, the 3550 sampling point with the maximum value position at the signal vector is extracted, the point is the pulse sampling echo falling edge position, 3600 sampling points are intercepted forwards to obtain stable and continuous signal sampling points, the stable and continuous signal sampling points are the receiving echo rising edge position corresponding to the pulse sequence, and therefore the single pulse arrival time is obtained.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the details of the invention not described in detail in the specification are within the skill of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A pulse arrival time measuring method based on an adaptive threshold double-threshold is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) receiving a target echo signal detected by a radar, and sampling the target echo signal to obtain sampling data of all pulse sequences; the target echo signal is any one of a linear frequency modulation signal, a phase coding signal and an orthogonal coding signal;
2) randomly selecting a pulse position from the target echo signal as an interception starting point, and sequentially intercepting two pulse sequences with continuous time;
3) determining a first-stage adaptive threshold according to the two time-continuous pulse sequences;
4) according to the first-level self-adaptive threshold determined in the step 3), calibrating all the sampling data in the two intercepted pulse sequences one by one to obtain a calibration result, and forming a coarse calibration sequence S' corresponding to a target echo signal by the calibration result;
5) generating a reference echo signal according to the time TA0 of the first pulse in the target echo signal reaching the radar; then determining the jitter error probability P1 of the waveform front edge according to the reference echo signal;
6) determining an error tolerance coefficient P according to the waveform leading edge jitter error probability P1 in the step 5) and an error tolerance coefficient P2 designed by a system; the value range of the error tolerance coefficient P2 designed by the system is not lower than 0.95;
7) generating a full 1 vector ones (N,1) with the length of N according to the error tolerance coefficient P in the step 6), the emission pulse width Tp, the pulse repetition period PRT and the sampling rate fs of the target echo signal;
8) carrying out convolution operation on the rough calibration sequence S' corresponding to the target echo signal in the step 4) and the full 1 vector ones (N,1) in the step 7) to obtain a convolution result with the length of 2L + N-1, and determining the time of the pulse at the interception starting point in the step 2) reaching the radar according to the convolution result so as to further determine the time of each pulse in the echo signal reaching the radar.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the two time-continuous pulse sequences intercepted in step 2) have the same length L, and the determination method of L specifically comprises:
L=PRT×fs;
wherein, PRT is the pulse repetition period of the target echo signal, and fs is the sampling rate of the target echo signal.
3. The adaptive threshold dual-threshold based pulse arrival time measuring method according to claim 2, wherein the step 3) of determining the first-stage adaptive threshold is specifically:
and obtaining the average value of the sampling data according to all the sampling data in the two pulse sequences, and taking the average value of the sampling data as a first-level self-adaptive threshold.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein step 5) the time of arrival of the first pulse in the reference echo signal at the radar is equal to TA 0;
step 5) the method for determining the waveform leading edge jitter error probability P1 specifically comprises the following steps:
51) adding white noise into the reference echo signal to obtain a reference echo signal added with the white noise; intercepting two pulse sequences which are continuous in time from the reference echo signal added with the white noise, wherein the total length of the two pulse sequences intercepted from the reference echo signal added with the white noise is 2L, calibrating all sampling data in the two pulse sequences intercepted from the reference echo signal added with the white noise one by one according to the first-level self-adaptive threshold determined in the step 3), and forming a rough calibration sequence S' corresponding to the reference echo signal by using a calibration result;
52) adding different white noises into the reference echo signal again, and repeating the step 51) m times to obtain m coarse calibration sequences S' corresponding to the different white noises; m is a positive integer not less than 500;
53) obtaining a position corresponding to 1 as a calibration position for the first time in a coarse calibration sequence S' corresponding to a target echo signal;
54) and searching for the number t of the m coarse calibration sequences S' with the calibration position being 1, and taking t/m as the jitter error coefficient P1 of the leading edge of the waveform.
5. The method for measuring the pulse arrival time based on the adaptive threshold dual-threshold as claimed in claim 4, wherein the calibration processing method specifically comprises: comparing each sample data with the first-stage adaptive threshold, if the sample data is larger than the first-stage adaptive threshold, calibrating the calibration result of the sample data to be 1, otherwise, calibrating the calibration result of the sample data to be 0.
6. The method for measuring the pulse arrival time based on the adaptive threshold dual-threshold as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for determining the error tolerance coefficient P in step 6) specifically comprises:
if P1 is greater than P2, P belongs to [ P2, P1], and the decimal precision of P is taken as a percentile after a decimal point;
if P1 is less than or equal to P2, P is equal to P2, and the decimal precision is the percentile value after the decimal point is rounded down.
7. The method according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the length N in step 7) is specifically:
N=L'×P;
L'=(PRT-Tp)×fs。
8. the method according to claim 7, wherein the step 8) of determining the time of arrival of the pulse at the radar at the start of the truncation is specifically:
and sequentially numbering the convolution results, finding a maximum value in the convolution results, obtaining the number w of the maximum value, and taking the sampling time corresponding to the w-L' th sampling data in the two pulse sequences intercepted from the target echo signal in the step 2) as the time for the pulse of the interception starting point to reach the radar.
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