CN110984405B - Ecological anti-corrosion method for serving marine reinforced concrete engineering - Google Patents
Ecological anti-corrosion method for serving marine reinforced concrete engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN110984405B CN110984405B CN201911210466.3A CN201911210466A CN110984405B CN 110984405 B CN110984405 B CN 110984405B CN 201911210466 A CN201911210466 A CN 201911210466A CN 110984405 B CN110984405 B CN 110984405B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
- E04B1/642—Protecting metallic construction elements against corrosion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a marine periphyton anti-corrosion technology, in particular to a serving marine reinforced concrete engineering ecotype anti-corrosion method, belonging to the interdisciplinary field of marine periphyton and marine engineering. The invention comprises the following steps: surveying the sea area of the building position of the concrete structure; culturing oyster eyespot larvae; cleaning the surface of concrete; building a concrete structure; coating and maintaining the paint; attaching on site; larva attachment and management was monitored. The invention adopts the cement-based paint for inducing sessile organisms, which not only has the characteristics of quickly inducing the attachment and metamorphosis of the sessile organisms and promoting long-term growth, but also has the characteristics of simple construction and easy coating, and develops a novel marine sessile organism anticorrosion technology for reinforced concrete engineering in marine environment, which can greatly improve the durability of reinforced concrete, simultaneously improve the ecological environment of the sea area, change the current situation of the ecological environment of the service engineering and restore the damaged ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a marine periphyton anti-corrosion technology, in particular to a serving marine reinforced concrete engineering ecotype anti-corrosion method, belonging to the interdisciplinary field of marine periphyton and marine engineering.
Background
Reinforced concrete is widely applied to marine infrastructure construction, such as harbor wharfs, sea-crossing bridges, ocean platforms, submarine tunnels and the like. However, the problem of corrosion of the steel bar caused by corrosion of chloride ions greatly shortens the service life of the steel bar, and brings huge economic burden to the society. Representative techniques for corrosion protection of reinforced concrete up to now mainly include high performance concrete, surface coatings, FRP bars, reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitors, electrochemical protection techniques, and the like. These corrosion protection techniques suffer from one or more of the disadvantages or shortcomings of difficult construction, poor aging durability of the material, long term unpredictability, high cost, etc. In addition, most of the current anti-corrosion technologies are directed to the splash zone, and the measures for preventing corrosion in the tidal range are very limited. And the repair measures for the service engineering are fewer, and the maintenance cost is higher.
The surfaces of concrete projects in tidal range are often covered with a large number of sessile organisms, such as oysters, barnacles, etc. Researches show that the biogel secreted by oysters and barnacles can block capillary pores on the surface layer of concrete, block ions and gases from coming in and going out, then improve the impermeability of the concrete, further improve the durability of the concrete, and the more compact the attachment of sessile organisms, the more obvious the protection effect. The marine periphyton corrosion prevention is utilized, so that the marine periphyton corrosion prevention has the characteristics of initiative, economy and environmental protection, and the limitation of the existing reinforced concrete corrosion prevention technology in a tidal range area and a submarine area is overcome. The method is a cross between the subjects of marine concrete and marine sessile biology, and opens up a new research field of reinforced concrete structure corrosion prevention. However, in some sea areas, sessile organisms are affected by the external environment, and the phenomena of sparse attachment, loose attachment and even no attachment often occur. Therefore, the induction of fast and compact adhesion of sessile organisms on the surface of the marine concrete engineering in service is the key to the success of anticorrosion of the service engineering. At present, the researches on oyster attachment metamorphosis at home and abroad are mainly as follows:
first, the influence of ions on the attachment and metamorphosis of marine periphyton larva
The research on the marine periphyton larva attachment and metamorphosis induction at home and abroad mainly focuses on the influence of the ion concentration in the solution, and the deeply researched ions and substances have K+、NH3、Ca2+And Cu2+The first three ions or substances can promote the adhesion or metamorphosis of oyster at proper concentration, but Cu2+The promoting effect is not obvious, and even the death rate of larvae is increased at a large concentration. K+Inducing larval metamorphosis by affecting the behavior of cell membranes; NH (NH)3It is intracellular, leading to an increase in intracellular pH, which subsequently causes depolarization of neurons that are behavioral pathways, thereby inducing sessile metamorphosis. Although the study on the attachment and metamorphosis of more sessile organisms on the surfaces of different substances such as polyethylene plates, shells, tiles and the like is carried out in solution, the method is not easy to realize or has high cost when being applied to the actual marine concrete engineering.
At present, with the great application of concrete in ocean engineering, particularly recent oyster reef repair engineering and the like, the concrete becomes a substrate material which is most commonly attached by marine periphyton. But the concrete material is different from the traditional seashells, limestone, rubber tires, plastic plates and the like. The concrete has high alkalinity and high calcium ion, also contains rich other ions, such as potassium and sodium ions, and has great influence on the attachment and growth of the oysters. At present, although some oyster reef repair projects and the like adopt newly manufactured concrete members, waste concrete and the like as repair substrates, the effect is not ideal.
Second, the influence of concrete of different types of cement on marine plants and sessile organisms
At present, portland cement concrete is almost adopted in ocean concrete engineering and has high alkalinity (the pH value of a pore solution is generally 12.0-13.0), and the pH value of seawater is generally 7.9-8.4. Because of the alkali concentration gradient, the concrete contacted with the seawater can continuously release alkali, thereby improving the pH value of the seawater in the sea area and damaging a local ecological system. Has a great inhibiting effect on the attachment growth of sessile organisms on the surface of the biological filter, and particularly has great influence on alkalinity sensitive organisms. The current domestic and foreign research shows that: the artificial fish reef made of different cement types has obvious difference on biological attachment effect, aluminate cement and fly ash portland cement have good biological attachment effect, and the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef is lower than that of common portland cement concrete. Similarly, the cement concrete has better ecological effect by adding 40-60% of fly ash and slag powder. In addition, the types and the quantity of the attachment organisms on the travertine gelled material concrete are more than those on the cement concrete, and the higher the content of the travertine gelled material is, the better the ecological effect is. The ecological concrete engineering for building the United states adopts low-alkalinity cement concrete, such as aluminate cement, particularly slag portland cement, wherein the replacement amount of slag powder reaches 50 percent, and the ecological effect of enriching marine plants, animals and the like is better. By adopting cement with lower alkalinity to prepare concrete, biomass (mainly marine plants) sensitive to alkali can be effectively improved, but the improvement of the attachment amount and the attachment density of oysters is limited.
Third, the influence of calcium substances on the adhesion of marine sessile organisms
The research at home and abroad shows that the chemical element composition of the attaching substrate obviously influences the attachment, metamorphosis and later growth of oyster larvae. The most commonly used calcium-containing substrates (limestone and concrete) are effective in inducing adhesion of oyster larvae with an inducing effect comparable to that of shells. This indicates that calcium is a vital role in the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of oyster larvae.
Recently, in addition to conventional substrates, studies have been made on the adhesion of oyster larvae by adding calcium to cement-based materials and increasing the content of calcium in concrete. In the literature, 80-mesh cattle bone powder, calcium carbonate powder and gypsum powder (the mixing amount is 62.5 percent and 375 percent of the weight of cement) are singly mixed into mortar to carry out an oyster attachment experiment, and the sequence of the inducing capacity of the calcium excipient for the adhesion of oyster larvae under the same condition is obtained: the bovine bone meal is calcium carbonate which is calcium sulfate; the calcium carbonate powder is 5-60% of the mortar (41.7-500.0% of the cement), and the effect is best when the calcium carbonate powder is 20% (166.7% of the cement). Although the attachment amount of the oysters can be increased by adding the bovine bone meal, the calcium carbonate powder and the gypsum powder, the added proportion is too large (the weight of the calcium powder is more than 41.7 percent of that of the cement and even reaches 500.0 percent), the mechanical property and the durability of the concrete are seriously influenced, and the oyster shell cement is not suitable for being used in concrete engineering in marine environment. In addition, although the bovine bone meal has a good effect of inducing adhesion of oysters, when the amount of the bovine bone meal exceeds 10% of the cement, the concrete is mildewed. Therefore, at present, although calcium substances such as bovine bone meal, calcium carbonate and the like are doped into concrete, the influence of marine environment on the durability of a concrete structure is not considered, so that the concrete cannot be applied to severe marine environment at all.
In CN104529286 patent: from the aspect of waste utilization, oyster shell fragments of 5 mm-8 mm with the mass of 10% -20% of cement are mixed into the artificial fish reef, and the concrete which does not influence biological attachment and does not pollute the environment is obtained. CN104938384 is to mix 150-200 mesh biological calcium carbonate powder (fishbone, coral, egg shell and shell are 1:1:1:1) and shell fragment which are 10-20% of the cement mass into the artificial fish reef, which shows that the induced biomass is gradually increased along with the increase of the calcium carbonate mixing amount, and the biomass (marine plant and marine organism) induced by the biological calcium carbonate is the most when the mixing amount is the maximum (20% of the cement weight). In order to reduce the alkalinity of the surface of the concrete artificial fish reef, microorganisms and algae are easier to attach, the biomass and the population quantity are increased, and the fish collecting effect is better. The biological calcium carbonate cement mortar coating layer educt is harmless to the environment and the organism. Although the biological calcium carbonate powder, the oyster shell fragments and the like are doped into concrete for artificial fish reef manufacturing and biological attachment experiments, the biological calcium carbonate powder indeed enhances the biological enrichment effect, but mainly enriches marine plants and microorganisms.
In a word, the calcium content is important for the attachment of oyster larvae, and the current experimental results also prove that the addition of a proper amount of calcium carbonate substances in the cement-based material can promote the attachment and growth of the oyster larvae. However, cement concrete contains a large amount of calcium ions, the pH value of a pore solution is generally greater than 12.5, and the pH value of a saturated calcium hydroxide solution is about 12 at normal temperature, so that the concentration of the calcium ions in the concrete pore solution is about 5 mmol/L; the solubility of calcium carbonate is very low, and is only 9.5X 10 at 25 DEG C-5mol/L(9.5×10-2mmol/L). At present, the optimal range of calcium ion concentration for inducing shellfish adhesion is considered to be 10-25 mmol/L, and even if oyster larvae are placed in saturated calcium carbonate solution, enough Ca is not available2+The concentration of Ca is suitable for providing proper Ca for the adhesion of oysters2+And (4) concentration. Further, Ca (OH) in the inside of the cement concrete2Can be released more quickly, while the dissolution of calcium carbonate takes longer. Therefore, it was confirmed that incorporation of calcium carbonate material into concrete promotes adhesion of oyster larvae, Ca2+Not the dominant role.
In addition, the doping amount of the shell powder is too large, the weight ratio of the shell powder to the cement is more than 10%, and some shell powder even reaches 500%, so that the durability of the concrete is greatly influenced. Although the proper amount of calcium carbonate material can prevent the concrete from being reduced in impermeability or better, the excessive amount of calcium carbonate material is very unfavorable for the concrete to resist the corrosion of sulfuric acid and sulfate in seawater.
Therefore, the problem of marine sessile organism larva induced adhesion by doping calcium substances such as biological calcium carbonate, bovine bone meal, calcium carbonate powder and the like into concrete still exists, and particularly the problems of concrete performance caused by excessive doping of the calcium substances, mildew caused by doping of the bovine bone meal and the like exist.
Fourth, the influence of color on the adhesion of marine periphyton
The color of the substrate has certain influence on the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of the larvae of the marine periphyton. In foreign countries, it has been reported that in sea areas with low temperature, dark bottom substances can promote the growth of oysters. Domestic research shows that oyster larvae have certain selectivity on color. The color selectivity of the crassostrea hongkongensis larvae on the plastic anchoring base is as follows: black > white > red. Crassostrea gigas larvae prefer to attach to black and gray plastic plates and it is believed that black and gray may be a protective color for oyster larvae to avoid natural enemy attacks. Barnacles prefer to adhere to red substrates. Pearl oyster also prefers dark (black, red), non-reflective substrates, showing non-photosensitive behavior. And the bacterium Alteromonas calwellii attracts oyster larvae by producing a compound that participates in melanin synthesis.
At present, the research on the influence of the color of the substrate on the adhesion of marine periphyton larvae is limited to organic polymer plates such as plastic plates and polyethylene plates, asbestos plates and the like. The concrete is used as a most potential substitute substrate, is particularly used for oyster reef repair, artificial ecological engineering construction and marine reinforced concrete corrosion prevention at present, and the influence of the color on the attachment amount of sessile organism larvae is not referred to related data.
Fifth, the influence of roughness on the adhesion of marine periphyton larvae
Generally, the roughness of the surface of the substrate has a certain influence on the adhesion of oysters and barnacle larvae. Domestic and foreign researches show that under the same other conditions, oysters and barnacle larvae attached to the rough surface are more than those attached to the smooth surface. The rough surface provides better tactile stimulation for the crawling and attachment of oyster and barnacle larvae so as to help the larvae to stay on the substrate; the presence of cracks and pits can protect the larvae from predators; and a larger area, and potentially a richer, diverse microbial environment than a smooth surface. Recent studies have shown that textured concrete surfaces adhere to more marine organisms than smooth surfaces, promoting the attachment and metamorphosis of larvae. However, some studies have shown that coarseness has no significant effect on attachment metamorphosis of larvae.
In summary, different substrates, as well as the effects of color and roughness on marine periphyton attachment, are currently being investigated. There are also some studies relating to the effect of calcareous materials in concrete on marine biofouling. However, due to knowledge of related disciplines such as marine organisms, marine microorganisms, marine chemistry, marine concrete engineering materials and structures, the discipline directions are greatly different, so that many problems are encountered in cross-research. For example, the cement-based material has the problems of unclear water-cement ratio, unclear mechanism of inducing oyster adhesion by calcium carbonate materials, excessive calcium powder added into cement, poor concrete durability, easy mildew of the added bovine bone meal and the like. Most importantly, the current research idea of inducing oyster adhesion is more suitable for application of newly-built marine concrete structures, and is not feasible for the built or serving concrete structures because the original engineering reconstruction cannot be dismantled to change the concrete substrate. Therefore, it is important to develop a coating material applied to the surface of concrete to induce the adhesion of sessile organisms. The invention relates to a functional coating which is directly brushed and cured in seawater or a humid environment and can induce sessile organisms to be quickly and compactly attached to the surface of concrete so as to realize the protection of a maritime work concrete structure by the cooperation of multiple subject professional technicians.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize that oysters in the whole sea area are compactly attached to the surface of a serving marine reinforced concrete structure by coating a coating for inducing marine sessile organisms to attach on the surface of concrete, solve the problems of rare and loose oyster attachment and insufficient durability of reinforced concrete on the surface of marine engineering concrete in part of the sea area, widen the application field of a biological anticorrosion technology, and realize the ecological restoration effect of marine engineering. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
(1): surveying the sea area of the building position of the concrete structure: investigating the species of the oyster in the sea area and whether the oyster is attached, and performing temperature, seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca in different seasons on the sea area2+、Zn2+、K+And the like, to carry out the investigation,and the number of typhoon times, strength and the like in the past year are investigated;
(2): culturing oyster eyespot larvae: collecting mature oyster parent in local sea area, obtaining sperm and ovum by dissection, artificial insemination, and indoor culturing to eye point larva stage. The seawater is filtered by sand in the cultivation process, the density is 2-10/mL, the water is changed once every two days, the chrysophyceae or diatom concentrated bait is fed, and the feeding amount is gradually increased from 2 ten thousand cells/mL to 9 ten thousand cells/mL according to the larval development condition.
(3): cleaning the concrete surface: for the tidal range area part, after the tide is removed, the marine sessile organisms and marine plants on the surface of the concrete structure are eradicated and cleaned, and then a high-pressure water gun is adopted for scouring; however, for the underwater area, the closed enclosure is firstly adopted to discharge the seawater, and the cleaning method is the same as that of the tidal range area.
(4): coating and maintaining the paint: and (3) coating a cement-based coating for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of the ocean engineering on the surface of the concrete block, and maintaining for 1-3 days.
(5): field attachment: in the oyster planktonic larvae concentrated attachment metamorphosis period, a fixing frame is structurally additionally arranged, the part below a low tide line is sealed and enclosed, the upper part of the oyster planktonic larvae is tightly connected with the lower part of the oyster planktonic larvae through a 80-200-mesh screen, then the oyster eyespot larvae in the step (2) are filtered, collected and then low-temperature dry dew is transported to a construction site, and the oyster eyespot larvae are placed into the enclosing barrier, wherein the seedling placing amount is 1/10 mL.
(6): monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the adhesion condition of the oyster larvae on the surface of the concrete, and taking corresponding measures according to the actual condition.
(5) The oyster planktonic larvae are attached together in a metamorphosis period, wherein the north is generally 5-8 months, and the south is generally 4-10 months.
(4) The cement coating for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering is described. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the material components are as follows: the weight ratio of the cementing material, the sand, the water, the dark pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements, the lignocellulose, the dispersible rubber powder and the superplasticizer is as follows in sequence: 1 (0.35-0.7), (0.20-0.60), (0.02-0.10), (0.01-0.08), (0.04-0.12), (0.05-0.15) and (0.001-0.010).
Preferably, the dark color pigment is: one or two of iron oxide black, aniline black, carbon black, antimony sulfide, iron oxide red and organic pigment red.
Preferably, the dark color pigment is: according to the influence degree on the performance of concrete, the pigments are modified by adopting one of transparent resin, organic silicon, dimethyl siloxane and super-hydrophobic materials.
Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: the biological calcium carbonate powder is one or a plurality of compounds of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes.
Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating the 100-500-mesh bovine bone powder by using one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.
Preferably, the calcium carbonate powder is: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and one or more of light calcium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes.
Preferably, the trace elements of zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus can be selected from natural minerals, industrial products or chemical reagents, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and iron phosphate, and are modified to realize slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the performance of concrete. However, nitrogen and phosphorus are not selected for the eutrophic area.
Preferably, the cementing material is one of silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material doped with mineral admixture. Wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material comprises one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash.
Preferably, the sand is one or more of river sand with the particle size of 0.16-2.36 mm, machine-made sand (mother rock can be limestone, basalt or granite) and sea sand.
Preferably, the superplasticizer is one of polycarboxylic acid and naphthalene series.
A cement-based paint for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
s1: weighing a cementing material, sand, water, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, lignocellulose, dispersible rubber powder and a superplasticizer;
s2: placing the cementing material, the deep color pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder and the trace elements into a mixer, wherein the rotating speed is 1000-1500 rpm, the mixing time is 2-5 minutes, and the materials are uniformly mixed;
s3: then placing the sand, the lignocellulose and the dispersible rubber powder into a stirrer, wherein the rotating speed is 500 plus 1000 revolutions per minute, and the mixing time is 5-10 minutes;
s4: fully dissolving the powdery superplasticizer into water, then placing the mixed materials into a high-speed stirrer together at the rotating speed of 200 plus materials of 500 rpm, and stirring for 5-10 minutes.
Thus obtaining the cement coating with good induction effect for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the cement-based paint for inducing sessile organisms, has the characteristics of quickly inducing the attachment and metamorphosis of the sessile organisms and promoting long-term growth, also has the characteristics of simple construction and easy coating, develops a novel marine sessile organism anticorrosion technology for reinforced concrete engineering in marine environment, can greatly improve the durability of reinforced concrete, changes the current situation of the ecological environment of service engineering, and restores the destroyed ecological environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
The specific technical scheme of the engineering scheme comprises the following steps:
example 1:
(1) surveying the sea area of the building position of the concrete structure: investigating the dominant species of the oysters in the sea area and whether oysters are attached, and testing and recording the air temperature, sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca of the sea area 1 time per week2+、Zn2+、K+Ions, and meanwhile, the typhoon frequency and strength of the whole year are investigated; looking up the sea area meteorological and hydrological data for many years; analyzing feasible methods and solving measures for the construction of the marine concrete engineering structure;
(2) culturing oyster eyespot larvae: collecting mature oyster parent shells in local sea areas, obtaining sperms and ova through a dissection method, performing artificial insemination, and culturing in a room until more than 60% of larvae reach the eyespot larva stage. The seawater is filtered by sand during the cultivation process, the density is 5/mL, the water is changed once every two days, the chrysophyte concentrated bait is fed, and the feeding amount is increased from 2 ten thousand cells/mL, 3 ten thousand cells/mL and 5 ten thousand cells/mL to 9 ten thousand cells/mL according to the development condition of the larvae.
(3) Cleaning the concrete surface: after the ebb tide is subsided in noon, the marine sessile organisms and marine plants on the surface of a part of concrete structure in a tidal range area are eradicated and cleaned, and then a high-pressure water gun is adopted for washing; however, for the underwater area, the closed enclosure is firstly adopted to discharge the seawater, and the cleaning method is the same as that of the tidal range area.
(4) Coating and maintaining the paint: and when the saturated surface is dry, brushing a cement-based coating for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of the ocean engineering on the surface of the concrete, and maintaining for 1-3 days.
(5) Field attachment: the project implementation time is ensured to be within the settlement and metamorphosis period of planktonic larvae of oysters, wherein the selection is 7 months in the north and 6 months in the south. After the maintenance is finished, a fixed frame and an enclosure are immediately installed on the surface of the concrete structure, the lower part of the concrete structure is connected by adopting a sealed enclosure, a 150-mesh screen enclosure is adopted above a medium tide line and is tightly connected with the sealed enclosure below the medium tide line. And (4) putting the oyster eyespot larvae which are filtered and collected in the step (II) and then are transported to a construction site into a fence at 5-7 pm, wherein the seedling putting amount is 2 per 10 mL.
(6) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment density of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete to reach 40/100 cm2Stopping adhesion of oyster larvae, cleaning and collecting the rest larvae; and meanwhile, the type and the quantity of plankton in the sea area are monitored, and whether to continue to throw baits or remove the enclosure is determined.
Example 2:
(1) surveying the sea area of the building position of the concrete structure: researching the oyster dominant species of the sea area and whether oysters are attached, researching the typhoon frequency and strength of the past year, and looking up the meteorological and hydrological data of the sea area of the construction area for many years; simultaneously, the temperature of the sea water, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca in each season2+、Zn2+、K+Testing and recording ions, and analyzing feasible methods and solving measures for the construction of the marine concrete engineering structure;
(2) culturing oyster eyespot larvae: collecting mature oyster parent shellfish in local sea area, obtaining sperm and ovum by dissection method, performing artificial insemination, and indoor culturing until more than 70% of larvae reach eyespot larva stage. The seawater is filtered by sand during the cultivation process, the density is 7/mL, the water is changed once every three days, the chrysophyte concentrated bait is fed, and the feeding amount is increased from 2.5 ten thousand cells/mL, 4 ten thousand cells/mL and 6 ten thousand cells/mL to 8 ten thousand cells/mL according to the development condition of the larvae.
(3) Cleaning the concrete surface: after the tide is subsided in the evening, the marine sessile organisms and marine plants on the surface of a part of concrete structure in a tidal range area are eradicated and cleaned, and then a high-pressure water gun is adopted for washing; however, for the underwater area, the closed enclosure is firstly adopted to discharge the seawater, and the cleaning method is the same as that of the tidal range area.
(4) Field attachment: the project implementation time is ensured to be within the settlement and metamorphosis period of planktonic larvae of oysters, wherein 6 months are selected in the north and 5 months are selected in the south. After the maintenance is finished, a fixed frame and an enclosure are immediately installed on the surface of the concrete structure, a 180-mesh enclosure is adopted above a medium tide line, and the lower part of the enclosure is connected with the enclosure in a sealing manner and is tightly connected with the screen on the upper part of the enclosure. And (4) putting the oyster eyespot larvae which are filtered and collected in the step (II) and then are transported to a construction site into a fence at 5-7 pm, wherein the seedling amount is 3 per 10 mL.
(5) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment density of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete to reach 45/100 cm2Stopping adhesion of oyster larvae, cleaning and collecting the rest larvae; and meanwhile, the type and the quantity of plankton in the sea area are monitored, and whether to continue to throw baits or remove the enclosure is determined.
The coating materials used for painting in examples 1 and 2 were as follows:
1: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone meal: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder to the zinc sulfate to the lignocellulose to the dispersible gelatine powder to the superplasticizer is 1:0.5:0.4:0.03:0.03:0.03:0.02:0.06:0.06: 0.005.
2: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.05:0.05:0.05:0.02:0.06:0.06:0.005.
3: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.05:0.05:0.05:0.04:0.08:0.09:0.005.
4: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.08:0.08:0.08:0.04:0.08:0.09:0.005. .
5: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.08:0.08:0.08:0.06:0.10:0.12:0.005.
6: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone meal: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder to the zinc sulfate to the lignocellulose to the dispersible gelatine powder to the superplasticizer is 1:0.5:0.4:0.03:0.03:0.03:0.04:0.06:0.06: 0.005.
7: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.05:0.05:0.05:0.04:0.06:0.06:0.005.
8: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.05:0.05:0.05:0.02:0.08:0.09:0.005.
9: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.08:0.08:0.08:0.06:0.08:0.09:0.005. .
10: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the sand to the water to the modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture is 1:1), the weight ratio of the modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder is 2:1), the calcium carbonate powder, the zinc sulfate, the lignocellulose to the dispersible rubber powder to the superplasticizer are as follows in sequence: 1:0.5:0.4:0.03:0.03:0.03:0.06:0.10:0.12:0.005.
The method for modifying the dark pigment comprises the following steps: 196 transparent resin is adopted, 3 percent of curing agent and 1.5 percent of accelerating agent are added and mixed with pigment, and the volume ratio of the pigment to the resin is as follows: 1: 0.2; curing at normal temperature for 4h, curing at 60 deg.C for 4h, then breaking, and grinding with vibration mill to obtain the final product with fineness greater than 400 mesh.
The method for modifying the bovine bone meal comprises the following steps: adding 100-mesh bovine bone meal into 2% phosphoric acid solution, wherein the weight ratio of the bovine bone meal to the phosphoric acid solution is 1:3, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, a centrifugal machine with the rotating speed of 3000-5000 rpm is adopted for centrifugation for 3 minutes, supernatant is poured off, solid matters of the centrifuged solid matters are washed for 2-3 times by water, and washing water does not show acidity any more; and (3) drying the centrifuged solid substance in vacuum at 40 ℃, mixing the dried bovine bone meal and the slag powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and grinding the mixture by using a vibration mill until the fineness is more than 200 meshes for later use.
The modification method of zinc sulfate comprises the following steps: selecting diatomite SiO2Adding 150g of water and 100g of zinc sulfate into diatomite with the content of more than 90 percent and the fineness of 600 meshes in a stirrer at the temperature of 60 ℃, and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved for later use; and then 150g of the diatomite is heated to 60 ℃, added into the solution, stirred for 10 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, and then dried in a drying box with the drying temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the modified zinc sulfate.
Compared with the comparative document 1 (a bionic concrete artificial fish reef and a preparation method 2015CN104938384A), the differences are that:
(1) the object in the present invention is different from comparative document 1: in comparison document 1, although a layer of cement mortar mixed with ground oyster shells is coated on the surface of concrete, the purpose is mainly achieved by surface bionic property, fish, microorganisms and algae are collected, the number of microorganisms is increased, and the water environment is improved, and oyster is not mentioned. The cement-based coating of the present invention is intended to induce attachment of sessile organisms, including oysters and barnacles.
(2) The comparison document 1 indicates that in cement mortar, the biological calcium carbonate powder (150-200 meshes) with the cement mass of less than 10% is not obvious in induced adhesion. However, in the research process, the modified bovine bone powder and the biological calcium carbonate powder are mixed with the cement-based coating (the fineness is 100-1000 meshes), and the optimal mixing amount of the bovine bone powder and the biological calcium carbonate powder is within 10 percent of the cementing material.
(3) By modifying the bovine bone powder and the biological calcium carbonate powder, in particular to egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder of 100 meshes to 500 meshes which are treated by the following acids, including one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; the 100-500 mesh bovine bone powder is treated by one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.
(4) The contrast document is difficult to construct by embedding oyster shells on the concrete surface, and the method can not be adopted on the surface of each project, so that the feasibility is low. The invention can achieve the effect of inducing sessile organisms by coating a layer of cement-based paint on the surface of concrete, does not need to be embedded with oyster shells, has simple construction and can greatly increase the attachment of the oysters.
(5) In the marine environment, the phenomenon that the artificial fish reef is seriously corroded for many times in recent years appears, and the serious corrosion is mainly caused by the combined action of biological sulfuric acid secreted by anaerobic microorganism thiobacillus, acid substances secreted by other bacteria and the like. Calcium carbonate is weak in acid corrosion resistance, and therefore, excessive calcium carbonate with a large fineness causes severe acid corrosion.
Compared to reference 2 (Vanreilin. influence of matrix type on oyster attachment, growth, population establishment and reef development [ D ]), the differences are:
(1) in comparison document 2, 80-mesh bovine bone powder, calcium powder and gypsum powder were used, each separately blended in concrete. The fineness of all the calcium materials in the invention is more than 100 meshes and more than that of the materials in the comparison document 3. Bovine bone meal is also added, modified and the attachment of oyster and barnacle larvae is considered.
(2) Grinding the bovine bone powder by using a vibration mill at normal temperature, wherein when the fineness is more than 80 meshes, the bovine bone powder contains a large amount of collagen and is seriously agglomerated, so that the bovine bone powder cannot be continuously ground. The invention adopts dilute acid modification technology and is compounded with other substances and ground to obtain the modified biological calcium powder with small particle size and fineness of more than 200 meshes. The prepared biological calcium powder keeps the original substances of the biological calcium, increases the release rate of substances which induce oyster larvae to adhere to the biological calcium powder, and reduces the doping amount of the biological calcium powder, thereby reducing the influence on the performance of cement concrete.
(3) Because the bovine bone meal contains rich organic substances such as collagen, the great amount of the substances can cause the reduction of the strength and the impermeability of the concrete, particularly after the content of the organic substances exceeds 5 percent, the mixing amount is increased, the strength of the concrete is rapidly reduced, the impermeability is obviously reduced, and the surface of the concrete grows mildewed under the standard curing condition.
The invention fully exerts the induction capability of the bovine bone meal by controlling and adopting the dilute acid modification and composite grinding technology, greatly reduces the mixing amount of the bovine bone meal, carries out anti-corrosion treatment and modification, realizes the composite inducer mainly comprising the bovine bone meal, has small mixing amount, hardly influences the strength and permeability of concrete, simultaneously has strong oyster larva attachment capability, and solves the problem of mildew of the concrete. Compared with concrete without the inducer, the number of the larvae attached to the concrete with the inducer is obviously increased.
The comparison documents and the reference documents show that: the calcium content is important for the attachment of oyster larvae, and the addition of a proper amount of calcium carbonate substances into the cement-based material is also proved by some current experimental results to promote the attachment and growth of the oyster larvae. However, cement concrete contains a large amount of calcium ions, the pH value of a pore solution is generally greater than 12.5, and the pH value of a saturated calcium hydroxide solution is about 12 at normal temperature, so that the concentration of the calcium ions in the concrete pore solution is about 5 mmol/L; the solubility of calcium carbonate is very low, and is only 9.5X 10 at 25 DEG C-5mol/L(9.5×10-2mmol/L). At present, the optimal range of calcium ion concentration for inducing oyster attachment is considered to be 10-25 mmol/L, and even if oyster larvae are placed in saturated calcium carbonate solution, enough Ca is not available2+The concentration provides a suitable ionic concentration for adhesion of the oysters. Further, Ca (OH) in the inside of the cement concrete2Can be released more quickly, while the dissolution of calcium carbonate takes longer. Therefore, it was confirmed that incorporation of calcium carbonate material into concrete promotes adhesion of oyster larvae, Ca2+Not the dominant role. Early attachment, metamorphosis and HCO of oyster3 -Related to Ca in allergy2+Together generating a secondary shell of calcium carbonate. After calcium carbonate is added, the calcium carbonate is mixed with CO2Reacting with water to form Ca (HCO)3)2The later participation in the attachment is the fundamental mechanism for promoting the attachment of oyster larvae.
The calcium carbonate doping amount in the cement-based material has an optimal doping amount, which can be explained from the following three aspects:
1) for equivalent substituted cement, as the calcium carbonate content is increased, the alkali in the concrete is diluted, the total alkalinity is reduced, but as the calcium carbonate content is increased, the dissolution probability of the calcium carbonate in the concrete is increased, and the HCO in the solution is increased3 -The content is increased, so that the attachment and metamorphosis of oysters are promoted; when the addition amount is too large, the permeability of concrete is increased rapidly, alkali and carbonate in the concrete are exuded rapidly, so that the negative effect of the alkali is obvious, and the critical or negative effect of the carbonate is obvious, so that the adhesion amount is reduced;
2) for the same amount of substituted aggregate, the permeability of concrete is reduced along with the increase of the mixing amount, and calcium ions and OH are caused-The bleeding of (2) is reduced, but the permeation rate of carbonate ions is gradually increased, and when reaching a certain value, the adhesion of the oyster reaches the maximum value; as the doping amount continues to increase, the calcium ions decrease greatly, carbonate ions may decrease, and the concentration of the calcium ions can limit the attachment of oyster larvae, which is expressed as the decrease of the attachment amount;
3) for an equivalent amount of substituted mineral admixture, as the amount of the admixture is increased,the permeability is increased, and the addition of calcium carbonate causes the oyster to adhere to the required HCO3 -The concentration reaches a proper range, which is shown as the attachment of oyster larvae is increased; as the amount of the mineral admixture continues to increase, the amount of the mineral admixture is reduced, so that the amount of alkali exuded increases, carbonate increases, but excess alkali and HCO3 -The ions inhibit adhesion of oyster larvae.
Compared with the comparison document 3 (plum true, public and green, closed and long billows, et al. the biological adhesion effect of concrete artificial fish reefs of different cement types [ J ] fishery science progress, 2017,38(5):57-63.), the differences are that:
in comparison document 3, composite portland cement, slag portland cement, pozzolanic portland cement, fly ash portland cement, and aluminate cement are used: the invention adopts the composite doping of ordinary portland cement and mineral admixture to realize low-alkalinity cement; the silica fume is one of mineral admixtures, has high activity, has obvious effect of improving the durability of reinforced concrete in the marine environment by proper mixing amount, and can obtain low-alkalinity cement with excellent strength and durability through optimized design and experiments. Meanwhile, by utilizing the characteristic of high impermeability of the silica fume concrete, a large amount of oyster larvae are attached, distorted and grown even if the alkalinity inside the concrete is higher. And the alkalinity of the cement concrete is regulated and controlled by adopting the composition of the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, so that a proper pH value is provided for the adhesion of oyster larvae. In addition, marine plants and sessile organisms such as oysters and barnacles have different alkali resistance and different environments required in the attachment period and later period, such as the attachment, metamorphosis and later growth of barnacles and oysters, need a large amount of calcium ions.
The concrete in the comparison document 3 is used for enriching marine organisms, mainly in view of the size and diversity of attached biomass, and the main attached organisms are various algae and the like. The aim of the research in the invention is to induce oyster adhesion, but the tolerance of oysters and barnacles to alkalinity is higher than that of algae, and a large amount of calcium ions are needed for adhesion and metamorphosis of oysters, so that two kinds of concrete look the same and are greatly different.
Therefore, since this part of knowledge relates to marine periphyton, the intersection of marine plants with the engineering discipline of marine concrete, and those skilled in the concrete and engineering fields or the field of marine life cannot obtain the technical features of the present invention that closely relate the balance between the concrete alkalinity reduction and the calcium ion concentration to the attachment of marine periphyton through the comparison of document 2.
In addition, the unique characteristics and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
deep colour pigment
By utilizing the light-resistant characteristic of oyster eyespot larvae, dark pigments (one or two of black iron oxide, nigrosine, carbon black, antimony sulfide, red iron oxide and organic pigment red) are doped into the concrete, the color of the concrete is changed, the color of the concrete is darkened, the oyster larvae are considered as a dark environment, the oyster larvae are induced to arrive at the dark concrete surface, the contact probability of the larvae and the concrete surface is increased, and the oyster larva induced attachment rate is increased. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the researchers of marine organisms, in order to breed and proliferate or in order to eliminate undesirable populations, consider the study of the adhesion of marine periphyton with different colored substrates, belonging to the subject of marine biology. The discipline of marine concrete engineering or concrete materials is quite different and is two big disciplines. By crossing the marine sessile organisms with the concrete discipline, the oyster larva induced attachment by adopting the dark-color coating is obtained. According to the invention, the addition of dark pigment is adopted to deepen the color of the surface of concrete so as to promote the attachment of oyster larvae. The incorporation of other materials into the coating can affect the properties of the coating. The invention considers that the concrete with different cement has different colors. Therefore, the amount of the dark color substance is determined according to the type and amount of the cement. Dark pigments also affect the properties of the coating. Most importantly, the deep color pigment is added, and alkali and Ca in the coating are not controlled2+When the permeation rate is equal, the released alkali can affect the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of sessile organism larva, and when the mixing amount is greater than a certain value, the attachment amount of the larva is reducedLow. The impermeability of the coating is designed and controlled, and the main measures are as follows: selecting the type of the dark pigment, controlling the adding amount and modifying. The attachment rate of the larvae is increased along with the increase of the doped amount of the dark substance, and when the doped amount is 0.5-6% of the cementing material, the attachment amount of the larvae is maximum, but then the attachment amount is slightly increased or kept unchanged.
Trace elements
According to the enrichment of a large amount of zinc in the oyster body, the zinc is far higher than the seawater where the oyster lives, and meanwhile, the oyster body also contains more Fe, P and K elements. At the same time, the appropriate Zn in the solution2+，K+The concentration can promote early stage attachment and metamorphosis of oyster larva. Therefore, zinc sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, zinc phosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, iron phosphate and calcium phosphate are adopted as trace elements to be doped into the concrete, and the strength and the impermeability of the concrete are basically kept unchanged through modifying the substances, so that the induced attachment rate of oyster larvae is greatly increased. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the marine organism researchers, in order to clarify the oyster attachment mechanism and the purpose of breeding and proliferation, research the attachment and metamorphosis of different ions to marine periphyton, belong to the marine biology subject. The discipline of marine concrete engineering or concrete materials is quite different and is two big disciplines. Through the crossing of marine sessile organisms and the concrete discipline, the method is obtained by adding corresponding substances into the concrete to induce the adhesion of oyster larvae on the surface of the concrete. Because the soluble salts greatly affect the performance of the concrete, such as the early workability, the setting time and the later strength and impermeability, the invention adopts the diatomite as the carrier, fixes the inorganic salts in the diatomite, reduces the performance influence of the soluble salts on the concrete, and simultaneously utilizes the effect of the diatomite on improving the performance of the concrete to realize that the good mechanical property and impermeability of the concrete can be still maintained when the inducing substances are added. In addition, the diatomite has a slow release effect as a carrier, so that the soluble salt is slowly released, and particularly, after the diatomite is soaked in seawater for a certain time, the release rate is maintained at a small rate. Therefore, this part of knowledge also relates to the intersection of marine periphyton, chemistry and marine concrete engineering disciplines, and no one skilled in the concrete and engineering fields or marine biology field can obtain the technical characteristics of the present invention of incorporating trace elements into concrete, changing the ion content of trace elements on the surface of concrete and controlling the concrete permeability closely related to concrete with high ability to induce oyster larva attachment by means of the existing background.
Permeability of paint
The strength and permeability of the coating are the two most important properties of concrete. When considering that different substances are added to promote the adhesion, metamorphosis and later growth of oyster larvae, the strength and permeability of the coating are not greatly influenced by the substances, the raw materials are selected according to the compatibility of various raw materials, and when the performance of the raw materials cannot meet the actual requirements, the raw materials are modified and then added, so that the expected functions are achieved. However, in the related research, although the influence of the calcium content on the adhesion of the oyster larvae is considered, the water cement ratio, the calcium content, the curing and the like are not considered in the performance of the coating, and the alkali and ion leakage rate in the concrete is changed due to the change of the permeability of the coating, so that the poorer the impermeability of the coating, the larger the alkali and ion leakage rate in the concrete is, and the exponential increase is possible. Thus, these released alkalis and ions have a great influence on the larvae, and there may be cases where the adhesion is promoted to be inhibited, which is more serious particularly when the cement is contained in a large amount. Therefore, the inducer is added into the coating, and the permeability resistance of the coating is ensured to be changed within a controllable range, such as the change is not more than 10%. The induction effects of these can only be compared, otherwise the influence of the single or compound addition of the inducer on the induction effect of the oyster larvae cannot be evaluated.
Only the optimum environment required by the attachment, metamorphosis and later growth of marine periphyton is mastered, and the concrete can be designed based on the high impermeability of the concrete, rather than only considering the mixing amount of various raw materials and neglecting the impermeability change of the concrete. Therefore, this part of knowledge also relates to the intersection of marine periphyton, chemistry and marine concrete engineering disciplines, and no one skilled in the concrete and engineering fields or marine organism fields can obtain the technical characteristics of the present invention that the overall control of concrete impermeability and the close correlation of the ability of the inducer to promote efficient induced adhesion of oysters by the inducer by the existing background.
Therefore, since this part of knowledge relates to the intersection of marine periphytons, marine plants and marine concrete engineering disciplines, no one skilled in concrete and engineering fields or marine life fields can obtain the technical features of color change, bovine bone meal modification, milling technology and control of coating permeability in the coating material with close correlation with the coating material having high efficiency of inducing oyster adhesion and high durability by incorporating the dark pigment of the present invention into the coating material through comparison of documents 1-2. And the technical feature of the present invention that the balance between the reduction in alkalinity of the coating and the concentration of calcium ions is closely linked to the adhesion of marine periphyton cannot be obtained by comparison with document 3.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. An ecological anti-corrosion method for a serving marine reinforced concrete project is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) surveying the sea area of the building position of the concrete structure: investigating the species of the oyster in the sea area and whether the oyster is attached, and performing temperature, seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca in different seasons on the sea area2+、Zn2+、K+The investigation is carried out, and the times and intensity of typhoon in the past year are advancedPerforming line investigation;
(2) culturing oyster eyespot larvae: collecting mature oyster parent shells in local sea areas, obtaining sperms and ova through an anatomical method, performing artificial insemination, and culturing the sperms and the ova indoors until the eyespot larvae stage; the seawater is filtered by sand in the cultivation process, the density is 2-10/mL, the water is changed once every two days, the chrysophyceae or diatom concentrated bait is fed, and the feeding amount is gradually increased from 2 ten thousand cells/mL to 9 ten thousand cells/mL according to the larval development condition;
(3) cleaning the concrete surface: for the tidal range area part, after the tide is removed, the marine sessile organisms and marine plants on the surface of the concrete structure are eradicated and cleaned, and then a high-pressure water gun is adopted for scouring; for the underwater area, firstly, the closed enclosure is adopted to discharge the seawater, and the cleaning method is the same as the tidal range area;
(4) coating and maintaining the paint: coating a cement-based coating for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering on the surface of the concrete block, and maintaining for 1-3 days;
(5) field attachment: in the concentrated attaching and metamorphosis period of the oyster planktonic larvae, a fixing frame is additionally arranged on the structure, a part below a low tide line is sealed and enclosed, the upper part of the oyster planktonic larvae is tightly connected with the sealed enclosure below the low tide line by adopting a 80-200-mesh screen, then the oyster eyespot larvae in the step (2) are filtered, collected and then transported to a construction site in low-temperature dry exposure mode, and are placed in the enclosure, and the seedling placing amount is 1/10 mL;
(6) monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment condition of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete, and taking corresponding measures according to actual conditions;
the adhesive is prepared from a cementing material, sand, water, a dark color pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, lignocellulose, dispersible adhesive powder and a superplasticizer, wherein the cementing material, the sand, the water, the dark color pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements, the lignocellulose, the dispersible adhesive powder and the superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1:(0.35～0.7):(0.20～0.60):(0.02～0.10):(0.02～0.10):(0.02～0.10):(0.01～0.08):(0.04～0.12):(0.05～0.15):(0.001～0.010)；
the dark pigment is one or two of iron oxide black, aniline black, carbon black, antimony sulfide, iron oxide red and organic pigment red; according to the influence degree on the performance of concrete, the pigments are modified by adopting one of transparent resin, organic silicon, dimethyl siloxane and super-hydrophobic materials;
the biological calcium powder comprises: the biological calcium powder comprises one or more of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium powder is 100-1000 meshes;
the biological calcium powder modification method comprises the following steps: treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating the 100-500-mesh bovine bone powder by using one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid;
the calcium carbonate powder is as follows: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and one or more of light calcium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate crystal whisker after processing treatment, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes;
the trace elements are as follows: zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus, wherein natural minerals or chemical reagents can be selected from one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and ferric phosphate, and are modified, so that the slow release of corresponding ions is realized, and the adverse effect on the performance of concrete is reduced or eliminated; however, nitrogen and phosphorus elements are not selected for eutrophic areas;
the sand is as follows: one or more of river sand, machine-made sand or desalinated sea sand;
the superplasticizer comprises one of polycarboxylic acid and naphthalene;
the preparation method of the cement-based coating comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing a cementing material, sand, water, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, lignocellulose, dispersible rubber powder and a superplasticizer;
s2: placing the cementing material, the deep color pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder and the trace elements into a mixer, wherein the rotating speed is 1000-1500 rpm, the mixing time is 2-5 minutes, and the materials are uniformly mixed;
s3: then placing the sand, the lignocellulose and the dispersible rubber powder into a stirrer, wherein the rotating speed is 500 plus 1000 revolutions per minute, and the mixing time is 5-10 minutes;
s4: fully dissolving the powdery superplasticizer into water, then placing the mixed materials into a high-speed stirrer together at the rotating speed of 200 plus materials of 500 rpm, and stirring for 5-10 minutes;
the cement coating with good induction effect for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering can be prepared;
the oyster planktonic larvae are intensively attached for a metamorphosis period of 4-10 months.
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