CN110983456A - Preparation method of composite structure colored nanofiber membrane - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite structure colored nanofiber membrane Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
- D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
- B01D39/04—Organic material, e.g. cellulose, cotton
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/54—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms
- B01D46/543—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms using membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
- D01D5/0038—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion the fibre formed by solvent evaporation, i.e. dry electro-spinning
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/06—Dyes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/54—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of unsaturated nitriles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/39—Electrospinning
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- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/04—Filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a colored nanofiber membrane with a composite structure, which comprises the following specific preparation processes: (1) the method is characterized in that a fine emulsification and electrostatic spinning process is combined, dyes with different chemical structures are coated inside a polymer nano microsphere matrix through the high-speed shearing action of fine emulsification ultrasound, and after volatile solvents are removed under the sealed and reduced-pressure condition, solvent type dyes are uniformly dispersed in a water phase by means of polymer carriers with uniformly distributed particles. (2) The prepared dye/polymer composite nano dispersion liquid can directly obtain nano fibers with different colors by adjusting different parameters and an electrostatic spinning method under the action of high-voltage static electricity. (3) The nano-fibers with different colors can be received by base material manufacturers with different structures and materials, so that uniform colored nano-fiber films are obtained. The method has wide application space in the application fields of functional masks, air filtration products, decorative screen window products, even photosensitive sensing and the like in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of colored nanofibers with a composite structure, in particular to a preparation method of colored nanofibers with lasting weather resistance by using polymers coated with dyes as raw materials. The prepared nano-fiber can be applied to the fields of air filtration, decorative screen windows, photosensitive sensing, cosmetics and the like.
Background
Nanofiber refers broadly to a fibrous material having a fiber diameter on the order of nanometers. Due to the small size effect, the nanofiber has excellent performances of large specific surface area, high porosity and the like, and in recent years, the nanofiber, especially the nanofiber prepared based on an electrostatic spinning method, is widely applied to industrial, electronic and scientific and civil air filtration products by virtue of the advantages of high mechanical interception efficiency, relatively low filtration resistance and the like. The electrospinning method has also received more and more attention in the industry as one of the preparation methods for directly obtaining nanofibers. However, when the nanofiber for air filtration is prepared by the method, most of systems adopted by materials with excellent filtration performance are solvent systems, and potential hidden dangers of environmental pollution and harm to the health of operators exist, so that the invention discloses a method for preparing the nanofiber which has good filtration performance and simultaneously gives consideration to additional functions by dispersing a polymer in an aqueous system and enabling the polymer to have a composite structure by means of pretreatment.
Based on the electrostatic spinning method, many related researches on preparing the nanofiber membrane with the particle protection and filtration functions are carried out, and the main focus is on how to obtain the nanofiber membrane with high filtration efficiency and relatively low air resistance. For example, the electrospun nanofiber electret is prepared into a filter material [ Ding and so on ] an electrospun nanofiber electret filter material and a preparation method thereof [ P ] Chinese patent: ZL201410452788.X, 2014-09-05], in the process of preparing the nanofiber membrane, an electret process is introduced, so that the surface of the composite filter material has high electrostatic potential, the filtering efficiency is up to 99.999%, the pressure drop can be controlled to be less than 20Pa, and more possibility is provided for selecting the mechanically intercepted air filter material. A series of studies have also been conducted by the Yi Cui topic group at Stanford university in the United states to develop a filter material with High Temperature Stability, and it was verified that a polymer material with outstanding performance in the air filtration field [ Yi Cui et al. Nano air filters with High-Temperature Stability for Efficient PM2.5 Removal from the polarization Sources [ J ]. Nano Lett.2016,16, 3642-.
However, no research and report on the application of nanofiber materials with special functions through skillful design of composite structures in air filter materials and other fields has been provided so far. In order to meet the diversified requirements of the market on nanofiber materials, the invention provides a preparation method for preparing colored nanofibers with composite structures. The method combines the fine emulsification and the electrostatic spinning process, endows the nanofiber with a new structure and function, and on one hand, coats various optional pigments in a polymer shell to prepare the nanofiber with various optional colors; on the other hand, the developed polymer can be dispersed in an aqueous system to prepare the nanofiber membrane. The ingenious design enables the polymer to have multiple functions, overcomes the process difficulty of spinning device blockage caused by adding coloring agent, and simultaneously converts the nanofiber preparation process which can be realized in a solvent system into a water-based system, thereby solving the problems of air pollution and potential safety hazard. The method has wide application space in the air filtering market and the screen window market for decoration, even in the application fields of photosensitive sensing and the like in the future. In addition, the system can be applied to the field of cosmetics through reasonable design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of nano-fiber with a composite structure, the nano-fiber prepared by the method not only has the advantages of small fiber diameter, high specific surface area, high porosity and the like, but also has the advantages of bright color, high color saturation and capability of realizing color conversion under the irradiation conditions of light sources of different wave bands, providing a remarkable decoration function and monitoring the intensity of outdoor ultraviolet rays.
The invention provides a method for preparing colored nano-fibers by combining a fine emulsification/electrostatic spinning process, wherein the formula is expressed by parts by mass and comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1) dissolving a high molecular polymer and a dye in a solvent, and stirring to obtain a uniform solution;
(2) adding deionized water containing a surfactant into the solution, carrying out fine emulsification treatment on the prepared solution by means of an ultrasonic stirrer under the condition of ice bath protection and with the output power of 665-855, and then removing the organic solvent to obtain a polymer dispersion liquid which is uniformly dispersed in a water phase and is coated with the dye;
(3) preparing colored nano fibers from the polymer dispersion liquid by an electrostatic spinning process, and spraying the colored nano fibers on non-woven fabric or a net-shaped base material with good light transmission performance to obtain a uniform colored nano fiber film;
(4) the colored nanofiber membrane containing the base material prepared in the step can be applied to air filter materials, particularly household air filter materials with decoration function and ultraviolet sensing function, including but not limited to filter materials such as screen windows and the like.
The high molecular polymer in the step (1) comprises one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyaspartic acid, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polystyrene, chitosan, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon 6, polymethyl methacrylate and the like.
The dyes in the step (1) include dyes of different chemical structures such as solvent-based azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, photochromic dyes, and the like, and specifically include c.i. solvent black 3, c.i. solvent black 45, c.i. solvent red 26, c.i. solvent red 92, c.i. solvent red 27, c.i. solvent blue 45, c.i. solvent blue 35, c.i. solvent yellow 163, c.i. solvent yellow 79, c.i. solvent yellow 83, c.i. solvent yellow 62, c.i. solvent yellow 44, 6 '-nitro-1, 3, 3-trimethylspiro [ indoline-2, 2' -2 'H-benzopyran, 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3, 3-dimethylindoline-6' -nitrobenzospyran, curcumin, carotene, and the like.
The solvent in the step (1) comprises one or more of ethyl acetate, trichloromethane, hexafluoroisopropanol and the like.
The method for preparing the electrospun nanofiber gas filtering material in batch by adopting the umbrella-shaped electrostatic spinning nozzles in the step (2) is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the concentration of the spinning solution is 6-15%.
The fine emulsification in the step (2) specifically refers to that the pre-emulsified emulsion obtained in the steps (1) and (2) is subjected to fine emulsification for 30s-10min by means of an ultrasonic stirrer at the output power of 665-.
And (3) removing the organic solvent in the step (2) by adopting a rotary evaporator to remove the volatile solvent, wherein the rotary evaporation time is 30min, and the temperature is set at 40 ℃.
The electrostatic spinning process for preparing the colored nanofibers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the electrostatic spinning conditions were as follows: the voltage is 30-80 KV, the distance from the spinning device to the receiving plate is 10-20 cm, the ambient temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the ambient relative humidity is 20-40%.
The electrostatic spinning process for preparing the colored nanofibers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mesh number of the reticular base material is 16-40; the nonwoven fabric is a melt blown, spunbond, needle punched or spunlaced nonwoven fabric.
The electrostatic spinning process for preparing the colored nanofibers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the obtained nanofiber membrane presents different colors, or can realize color change under the illumination condition of different wavelengths.
The electrostatic spinning process for preparing the colored nanofibers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the performance test of the colored nanofiber membrane adopts TSI 8130 type automatic filter material test equipment, the test particles adopt NaCl aerosol, the average particle size of the aerosol is 75nm, and the test flow rate is 32L/Min; the filtration efficiency of the obtained nanofiber membrane can reach 20-99.5%, and the pressure drop is 5-90 Pa. The air permeability can reach 355 L.m-2·s-1Moisture permeability of 9.6m2Pa/w, i.e., good air and moisture permeability. The transmittance can reach more than 80 percent at most.
The preparation method of the colored nanofiber with the composite structure has the following characteristics:
(1) the invention combines the fine emulsification process and the electrostatic spinning process through ingenious process design, so that the polymer used as a carrier coats the oily dye and the functional dye with high color saturation, and the polymer used as the carrier can be prepared into the nano-fiber with the diameter uniformly distributed about 120 nanometers through the electrostatic spinning process. The prepared nanofiber membrane can be used as a functional air filtering material, and the added value of a terminal product is greatly increased.
(2) Another feature of the present invention is that in the implementation of this embodiment, the material with high particulate filtering efficiency, such as polyacrylonitrile, can finally pass through the aqueous system to finally obtain the nanofiber, which fundamentally solves the problem of environmental pollution and the potential safety hazard in the processing process. In addition, the processing process of coating the dye by using the polymer as a carrier avoids the problems of uneven dispersion caused by directly adding the dye and blockage of a spinning nozzle caused by self-aggregation of dye molecules.
(3) The fine emulsification process adopted by the invention uses a very small amount of surfactant to uniformly mix the organic polymer solution dissolved with the oil-soluble dye and the water phase, when the mixture is subjected to high-speed shearing fine emulsion ultrasonic treatment, the solvent type dye can be used as a co-stabilizer to increase the stability of the system on one hand, and meanwhile, the solvent type dye stays in the polymer matrix due to the hydrophobic characteristic, so that the solvent type dye is further coated in the polymer shell, after the volatile solvent for dissolving the polymer is evaporated and removed, the dye/polymer composite nano microspheres uniformly dispersed in the water phase and having the particle size of about 100nm can be obtained, and the dispersion system can replace the dye as a coloring agent. Excellent storage stability, bright color, high color saturation and higher light fastness.
(4) The electrostatic spinning process adopted by the invention directly selects the polymer/dye composite nano material of the water-based system as the fiber raw material, the method is simple and easy to operate, the prepared nano fiber membrane has the filtration efficiency of more than 99.5 percent, and simultaneously, the transmittance of about 80 percent can be realized, thereby overcoming the defects of single color, low transmittance, poor air permeability and the like of the existing nano fiber membrane.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
Weighing 0.05g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and completely dissolving the sodium dodecyl sulfate in 27g of deionized water to be used as a water phase; 0.3g of c.i. solvent black 3 and 3g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were dissolved in 9.5g of volatile solvent ethyl acetate, and the dye and PAN were completely dissolved in the solvent with the aid of a magnetic stirrer to obtain an oil phase. Pouring the oil phase into the water phase, and continuously stirring and pre-emulsifying for 1 hour by means of a magnetic stirrer; the emulsion thus prepared was then finely emulsified for 3min with the aid of an ultrasonic stirrer at an output of 855 watt, under ice bath protection. And finally, removing the volatile solvent by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the C.I. solvent black 3/polyacrylonitrile composite nano dispersion liquid. And (3) performing electrostatic spinning on the obtained dye/polyacrylonitrile aqueous dispersion with the concentration of 10% (g/g) under the following parameter conditions, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the voltage is 60KV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the linear velocity is 1m/min, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the ambient relative humidity is 35%, the receiving substrate is spun-bonded non-woven fabric, and finally the black nanofiber membrane with uniform color is obtained.
Example 2
Taking 0.2g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and completely dissolving the sodium dodecyl sulfate in 92g of deionized water to be used as a water phase; an oil phase was obtained by dissolving 1g of c.i. solvent red 26 and 8g of polymethyl methacrylate in 27g of chloroform, a volatile solvent. Pouring the oil phase into the water phase, and continuously stirring and pre-emulsifying for 1 hour by means of a magnetic stirrer; the emulsion thus prepared was then finely emulsified for 5min with the aid of an ultrasonic stirrer at an output of 665 watts, with ice bath protection. And finally, removing the volatile solvent by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the C.I. solvent red 26/polymethyl methacrylate composite nano dispersion liquid. And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained dye/polyacrylonitrile aqueous dispersion with the concentration of 8% (g/g) under the following parameter conditions, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the voltage is 68KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the linear velocity is 0.8m/min, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the ambient relative humidity is 35%, the receiving substrate is spun-bonded non-woven fabric, and finally the red nanofiber membrane with uniform color is obtained.
Example 3
Weighing 0.3g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and completely dissolving the sodium dodecyl sulfate in 88g of deionized water to be used as a water phase; 0.5g of c.i. solvent blue 45 and 12g of polymethyl methacrylate were dissolved in 28g of chloroform, a volatile solvent, to obtain an oil phase. After pre-emulsification and fine-emulsification ultrasonic processing under the same conditions as in example 2, the volatile solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator to obtain a blue composite nano-dispersion. The final red nano-colorants obtained in examples 1 and 2 were the same as those obtained in the final product, and were uniformly dispersed in the aqueous phase. And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained dye/polyacrylonitrile aqueous dispersion with the concentration of 8% (g/g) under the following parameter conditions, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the voltage is 65KV, the receiving distance is 17cm, the linear velocity is 1.5m/min, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the ambient relative humidity is 35%, the receiving base material is a 40-mesh gauze, and finally the blue nano-fiber net with uniform color and high transmittance is obtained.
Example 4
0.5g of sodium dodecyl sulfate is completely dissolved in 92g of deionized water to obtain a water phase, and 1g of photochromic dye 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3, 3-dimethylindoline-6' -nitrobenzospirane and 8g of polyacrylonitrile are completely dissolved in 27.5g of volatile solvent trichloromethane to obtain an oil phase. After pre-emulsification and fine-emulsification ultrasonic processing under the same conditions as in example 2, a rotary evaporator was used to remove the volatile solvent to obtain a composite nanodispersion. And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained dye/polyacrylonitrile aqueous dispersion with the concentration of 8% (g/g) under the following parameter conditions, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the voltage is 60KV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the linear velocity is 0.8m/min, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the ambient relative humidity is 35%, the receiving base material is a 40-mesh gauze, and finally the nano-fiber net with high transmittance is obtained. The nano-fiber web can be changed from white to orange under the irradiation of ultraviolet lamps with different wave bands, and subsequent products can be used for detecting the ultraviolet intensity.
Example 5
0.5g of sodium dodecyl sulfate was completely dissolved in 88g of deionized water to obtain a water phase, and 1g of C.I. solvent yellow 163 and 12g of polymethyl methacrylate were completely dissolved in 27.5g of chloroform, a volatile solvent, to obtain an oil phase. After pre-emulsification and fine-emulsification ultrasonic processing under the same conditions as in example 2, a rotary evaporator was used to remove the volatile solvent to obtain a yellow composite nano-dispersion. Carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained dye/polyacrylonitrile aqueous dispersion with the concentration of 12% (g/g) under the following parameter conditions, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the voltage is 68KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the linear velocity is 1.2m/min, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the ambient relative humidity is 35%, the receiving substrate is spun-bonded non-woven fabric, and finally the yellow nanofiber membrane with uniform color is obtained.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a colored nanofiber membrane with a composite structure comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving a high molecular polymer and a dye in a solvent, and stirring to obtain a uniform solution;
(2) adding deionized water containing a surfactant into the solution, carrying out fine emulsification treatment on the prepared solution by means of an ultrasonic stirrer under the condition of ice bath protection and with the output power of 665-855, and then removing the organic solvent to obtain a polymer dispersion liquid which is uniformly dispersed in a water phase and is coated with the dye;
(3) preparing colored nano fibers from the polymer dispersion liquid by an electrostatic spinning process, and spraying the colored nano fibers on non-woven fabric or a net-shaped base material with good light transmission performance to obtain a uniform colored nano fiber film;
(4) the colored nanofiber membrane containing the base material prepared in the step can be applied to air filter materials, particularly household air filter materials with decoration function and ultraviolet sensing function, including but not limited to filter materials such as screen windows and the like.
2. The method for preparing the colored nanofiber with the composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the high molecular polymer in the step (1) comprises one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyaspartic acid, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polystyrene, chitosan, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon 6, polymethyl methacrylate and the like.
3. The method for preparing a composite structure colored nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dye in step (1) comprises solvent type azo dye, anthraquinone dye, dyes having different chemical structures such as photochromic dyes include c.i. solvent black 3, c.i. solvent black 45, c.i. solvent red 26, c.i. solvent red 92, c.i. solvent red 27, c.i. solvent blue 45, c.i. solvent blue 35, c.i. solvent yellow 163, c.i. solvent yellow 79, c.i. solvent yellow 83, c.i. solvent yellow 62, c.i. solvent yellow 44, 6 '-nitro-1, 3, 3-trimethylspiro [ indoline-2, 2' -2 'H-benzopyran, 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3, 3-dimethylindoline-6' -nitrobenzospirane, curcumin, carotene, and the like.
4. The method for preparing the composite structure colored nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent in step (1) comprises one or more of ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexafluoroisopropanol, etc.
5. The method for preparing composite structure colored nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) is a method for preparing the electrospun nanofiber gas filtering material in batch by using an umbrella-shaped electrospinning jet head, and the method is characterized in that: the concentration of the spinning solution is 6-15%.
6. The method for preparing colored nanofibers with composite structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine emulsification in step (2) means that the pre-emulsified emulsion obtained in step (1) and step (2) is subjected to fine emulsification for 30s-10min with the aid of an ultrasonic stirrer and with the output power of 665 855.
7. The method for preparing a composite structure colored nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) of removing the organic solvent is removing the volatile solvent by using a rotary evaporator, wherein the rotary evaporation time is 30min, and the temperature is set at 40 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the composite structure colored nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrospinning process of step (3) is used to prepare the colored nanofiber, and the method comprises the following steps: the electrostatic spinning conditions were as follows: the voltage is 30-80 KV, the distance from the spinning device to the receiving plate is 10-20 cm, the ambient temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the ambient relative humidity is 20-40%. The electrostatic spinning process for preparing the colored nanofibers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mesh number of the reticular base material is 16-40; the nonwoven fabric is a melt blown, spunbond, needle punched or spunlaced nonwoven fabric.
9. The method for preparing the composite structure colored nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrospinning process of step (3) is used to prepare the colored nanofiber, and the method comprises the following steps: the obtained nanofiber membrane presents different colors, or can realize color change under the illumination condition of different wavelengths.
10. The method for preparing the composite structure colored nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrospinning process of step (3) is used to prepare the colored nanofiber, and the method comprises the following steps: the performance test of the colored nanofiber membrane adopts TSI 8130 type automatic filter material test equipment, the test particles adopt NaCl aerosol, the average particle size of the aerosol is 75nm, and the test flow rate is 32L/Min; the filtration efficiency of the obtained nanofiber membrane can reach 20-99.5%, and the pressure drop is 5-90 Pa. The air permeability can reach 355 L.m-2·s-1Moisture permeability of 9.6m2Pa/w, i.e., good air and moisture permeability. The transmittance can reach more than 80 percent at most.
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