CN110983449A - Clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method - Google Patents
Clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110983449A CN110983449A CN201911141265.2A CN201911141265A CN110983449A CN 110983449 A CN110983449 A CN 110983449A CN 201911141265 A CN201911141265 A CN 201911141265A CN 110983449 A CN110983449 A CN 110983449A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
- D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
- D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
- D01B1/22—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with crushing or breaking rollers or plates
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
- D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
- D01C1/02—Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres
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Abstract
The invention discloses a clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, performing pretreatment on flax stems, step 2, soaking in water bath, step 3, soaking in hemicellulase, step 4, soaking in water bath again, and step 5, retting and degumming by using a mixed enzyme solution. The invention produces little waste water, has light smell and little pollution to the surrounding environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flax production process, in particular to a flax degumming process.
Background
The flax fiber has the characteristics of strong tension, softness, good fineness, weak electric conduction, quick water absorption and water dispersion, large expansion rate and the like, and can be used for spinning high count yarns to prepare high-grade clothing materials. To obtain spinnable flax fibers, degumming is necessary. Degumming refers to breaking the colloid connecting the bast fiber bundles and the surrounding tissues, so that the flax fibers in the bast part are separated from the xylem, and soft and smooth mature flax fibers are obtained by degumming to remove non-cellulose substances (such as pectin, hemicellulose, lignin and the like). Degumming is a key link in flax processing, and the degumming effect directly influences the subsequent flax processing processes such as scutching, combing and the like.
The current degumming methods mainly comprise a warm water retting degumming method and a rain and dew degumming method, and the rain and dew method is mostly adopted for the degumming of the flax abroad. The degumming by rain and dew method is realized by laying flax stems in a field, wetting flax stems by rain and dew, and degrading pectin such as pectin and hemicellulose by enzyme generated by fermentation of natural aerobic fungi. The rain and dew method has higher requirements on the temperature and the humidity of the environment. Most areas of China are limited by geographical positions and climatic conditions, and the method is not suitable for being adopted. In China, the current flax degumming method is mainly a warm water impregnation method. The warm water steeping method comprises placing flax stem in a retting tank, adding water, heating to 30-32 deg.C, fermenting with water and natural microorganism in the flax stem to produce enzymes mainly containing pectinase as main component to complete degumming. Compared with the rain and dew method, the warm water immersion degumming method reduces the requirement on the environment, but the anaerobic bacteria fermentation plant material can generate pungent smell to pollute the air, and meanwhile, the discharge of a large amount of degumming waste liquid can pollute the surrounding water quality.
Enzymatic degumming is a hot research point for degumming flax in recent years. The enzymatic degumming is to dip flax stem with crude enzyme solution generated by degumming bacteria; or purifying and concentrating the crude enzyme solution to obtain liquid or powder, diluting the liquid or dissolving the powder in water, and soaking flax stem in the enzyme diluent for enzymolysis and degumming. The enzymatic degumming has the advantages of mild enzyme action conditions, controllable degummed fiber composition and structure, high enzyme reaction efficiency, short production period and the like. However, the production cost of the finished enzyme preparation is high, and the enzyme degumming method does not realize large-scale industrial production so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method, and the flax degumming method has the advantages of less waste water, light smell and less environmental pollution.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, flax stem is pretreated
1.1, grinding flax stems, crushing the flax stems, and then centrifuging the crushed flax stems for 35-55 min;
1.2, spreading the centrifuged flax stems on a wire mesh bed, spraying water to the flax stems, hanging water beads on each flax stem, spraying water once every 65-85min, and finishing after spraying for three times;
step 2, soaking in water bath
Soaking flax stem in water with pH of 7.5-8.0 for 2-3 hr;
step 3, soaking with hemicellulase
Soaking flax stem in hemicellulase solution for 3-5 hr;
step 4, soaking in water bath again
Soaking the flax stem in the water bath for 1-3 h;
step 5, retting and degumming the mixed enzyme solution
Soaking flax stems in a mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the heat preservation time is 4-6h, the temperature is 35-42 ℃, and the mixed enzyme solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12-22 parts of alkaline xylanase
15-18 parts of glucanase
45-52 parts of alkaline pectinase.
Also comprises a step 6 of pickling
And (5) soaking the flax stem processed in the step (5) in an acetic acid solution for 3-6h, and washing the flax stem after soaking.
Also comprises a step 7 of soaping
And (4) putting the flax stem subjected to the step 6 into soaping, soaking for 2-4h, and then washing with water.
In the step 2, when the water bath is used for soaking, the water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 5-8km/h, and the water temperature is 32-38 ℃.
In the step 3, the hemicellulase is glucanase, the soaking temperature is 25-28 ℃, the hemicellulase liquid is continuously stirred during soaking, and the stirring speed is 300-.
In the step 4, water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 3-5km/h, and the water temperature is 25-28 ℃.
And 5, soaking the flax stem in the mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the mixed enzyme solution needs to be stirred, the stirring speed is 200-260r/h, forward and reverse stirring is adopted, and the stirring direction is changed once every half hour of stirring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the flax stem is pretreated firstly, the grinding is to crush the flax stem, and when the flax stem is soaked, the soaking solution can be quickly contacted with the flax stem to quickly degum. The centrifugal treatment is also used for stripping off the glue in the flax stem, and the glue is more fully contacted with the degumming enzyme liquid, thereby being beneficial to degumming and improving the degumming efficiency. And (4) performing water spraying treatment on the centrifuged flax protostem, wetting the flax protostem, and culturing microorganisms. And 2 to 4, the flax stem is subjected to primary degumming treatment, and then the heat preservation degumming treatment of the compound enzyme liquid is carried out, so that the flax stem can be rapidly degummed without using a large amount of flax stems to soak, and without fermenting the flax stems to generate strong odor to pollute air, and the compound enzyme liquid can be recycled without being discharged into the environment, so that the surrounding environment is not polluted, and the whole method is clean and environment-friendly.
The invention also carries out the treatment of the acid washing step and the soaping step, and through the treatment of the two steps, impurities on the flax stem can be removed, and meanwhile, the quality improvement of the flax fiber is also facilitated.
The invention controls strict parameters such as stirring speed, temperature and the like in the steps 2 to 5, and aims to accelerate the degumming of the flax stem, reduce the generation of harmful substances and avoid the pollution to the surrounding environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments used by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, flax stem is pretreated
1.1, grinding the flax stem, crushing the flax stem, and then centrifuging the crushed flax stem for 35 min;
1.2, spreading the centrifuged flax stems on a wire mesh bed, spraying water to the flax stems, hanging water beads on each flax stem, spraying water once every 65min, and finishing after spraying for three times;
step 2, soaking in water bath
Soaking flax stem in water with pH of 7.5 for 2 hr;
step 3, soaking with hemicellulase
Soaking flax stems in a hemicellulase solution for 3 hours;
step 4, soaking in water bath again
Soaking the flax stem in the water bath for 1 h;
step 5, retting and degumming the mixed enzyme solution
Soaking flax protostems in a mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the heat preservation time is 4 hours, the temperature is 35 ℃, and the mixed enzyme solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
alkaline xylanase 12 parts
Dextranase 15 parts
And 45 parts of alkaline pectinase.
Also comprises a step 6 of pickling
And (5) soaking the flax stem processed in the step (5) in an acetic acid solution for 3 hours, and washing the flax stem after soaking.
Also comprises a step 7 of soaping
And (4) putting the flax stem subjected to the step 6 into soaping, soaking for 2 hours, and then washing with water.
In the step 2, when the water bath is used for soaking, the water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 5km/h, and the water temperature is 32 ℃.
In the step 3, the hemicellulase is glucanase, the soaking temperature is 25 ℃, the hemicellulase solution is continuously stirred during soaking, and the stirring speed is 300 r/h.
In the step 4, water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 3km/h, and the water temperature is 25 ℃.
And 5, soaking the flax stem in the mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the mixed enzyme solution needs to be stirred, the stirring speed is 200r/h, forward and reverse stirring is adopted, and the stirring direction is changed every half hour of stirring.
Example 2
A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, flax stem is pretreated
1.1, grinding the flax stem, crushing the flax stem, and then centrifuging the crushed flax stem for 55 min;
1.2, spreading the centrifuged flax stems on a wire mesh bed, spraying water to the flax stems, hanging water beads on each flax stem, spraying water once every 85min, and finishing after spraying for three times;
step 2, soaking in water bath
Soaking flax stem in water with pH of 8.0 for 3 hr;
step 3, soaking with hemicellulase
Soaking flax stems in a hemicellulase solution for 5 hours;
step 4, soaking in water bath again
Soaking the flax stem in the water bath for 3 h;
step 5, retting and degumming the mixed enzyme solution
Soaking flax protostems in a mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the heat preservation time is 6 hours, the temperature is 42 ℃, and the mixed enzyme solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
alkaline xylanase 22 parts
Dextranase 18 parts
52 parts of alkaline pectinase.
Also comprises a step 6 of pickling
And (5) soaking the flax stem processed in the step (5) in an acetic acid solution for 6 hours, and washing the flax stem after soaking.
Also comprises a step 7 of soaping
And (4) putting the flax stem subjected to the step 6 into soaping, soaking for 4 hours, and then washing with water.
In the step 2, when the water bath is used for soaking, the water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 8km/h, and the water temperature is 38 ℃.
In the step 3, the hemicellulase is glucanase, the soaking temperature is 28 ℃, the hemicellulase solution is continuously stirred during soaking, and the stirring speed is 500 r/h.
In the step 4, water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 5km/h, and the water temperature is 28 ℃.
And 5, soaking the flax stem in the mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the mixed enzyme solution needs to be stirred, the stirring speed is 260r/h, forward and reverse stirring is adopted, and the stirring direction is changed every half hour of stirring.
Example 3
A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, flax stem is pretreated
1.1, grinding the flax stem, crushing the flax stem, and then centrifuging the crushed flax stem for 40 min;
1.2, spreading the centrifuged flax stems on a wire mesh bed, spraying water to the flax stems, hanging water beads on each flax stem, spraying water once every 70min, and finishing after spraying for three times;
step 2, soaking in water bath
Soaking flax stem in water with pH of 7.6 for 2.5 hr;
step 3, soaking with hemicellulase
Soaking flax stem in hemicellulase solution for 3.5 hr;
step 4, soaking in water bath again
Soaking the flax stem in the water bath for 1.5 h;
step 5, retting and degumming the mixed enzyme solution
Soaking flax protostems in mixed enzyme liquid for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the heat preservation time is 4.8 hours, the temperature is 40 ℃, and the mixed enzyme liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
alkaline xylanase 20 parts
Glucanase 16 parts
And 48 parts of alkaline pectinase.
Also comprises a step 6 of pickling
And (5) soaking the flax stem processed in the step (5) in an acetic acid solution for 4 hours, and washing the flax stem after soaking.
Also comprises a step 7 of soaping
And (4) putting the flax stem subjected to the step 6 into soaping, soaking for 2.5h, and then washing with water.
In the step 2, when the water bath is used for soaking, the water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 7km/h, and the water temperature is 35 ℃.
In the step 3, the hemicellulase is glucanase, the soaking temperature is 26 ℃, the hemicellulase solution is continuously stirred during soaking, and the stirring speed is 350 r/h.
In the step 4, water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 4km/h, and the water temperature is 26 ℃.
And 5, soaking the flax stem in the mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the mixed enzyme solution needs to be stirred, the stirring speed is 220r/h, forward and reverse stirring is adopted, and the stirring direction is changed every half hour of stirring.
Example 4
A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, flax stem is pretreated
1.1, grinding the flax stem, crushing the flax stem, and then centrifuging the crushed flax stem for 50 min;
1.2, spreading the centrifuged flax stems on a wire mesh bed, spraying water to the flax stems, hanging water beads on each flax stem, spraying water once every 80min, and finishing after spraying for three times;
step 2, soaking in water bath
Soaking flax stem in water with pH of 7.9 for 2.8 hr;
step 3, soaking with hemicellulase
Soaking flax stem in hemicellulase solution for 4.5 hr;
step 4, soaking in water bath again
Soaking the flax stem in the water bath for 2.5 h;
step 5, retting and degumming the mixed enzyme solution
Soaking flax protostems in a mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the heat preservation time is 5.5 hours, the temperature is 41 ℃, and the mixed enzyme solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
alkaline xylanase 20 parts
Dextranase 17 parts
50 parts of alkaline pectinase.
Also comprises a step 6 of pickling
And (5) soaking the flax stem processed in the step (5) in an acetic acid solution for 5 hours, and washing the flax stem after soaking.
Also comprises a step 7 of soaping
And (4) putting the flax stem subjected to the step 6 into soaping, soaking for 3.5h, and then washing with water.
In the step 2, when the water bath is used for soaking, the water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 7km/h, and the water temperature is 37 ℃.
In the step 3, the hemicellulase is glucanase, the soaking temperature is 27 ℃, the hemicellulase solution is continuously stirred during soaking, and the stirring speed is 480 r/h.
In the step 4, water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 4.5km/h, and the water temperature is 26 ℃.
And 5, soaking the flax stem in the mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the mixed enzyme solution needs to be stirred, the stirring speed is 258r/h, forward and reverse stirring is adopted, and the stirring direction is changed every half hour of stirring.
Claims (7)
1. A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, flax stem is pretreated
1.1, grinding flax stems, crushing the flax stems, and then centrifuging the crushed flax stems for 35-55 min;
1.2, spreading the centrifuged flax stems on a wire mesh bed, spraying water to the flax stems, hanging water beads on each flax stem, spraying water once every 65-85min, and finishing after spraying for three times;
step 2, soaking in water bath
Soaking flax stem in water with pH of 7.5-8.0 for 2-3 hr;
step 3, soaking with hemicellulase
Soaking flax stem in hemicellulase solution for 3-5 hr;
step 4, soaking in water bath again
Soaking the flax stem in the water bath for 1-3 h;
step 5, retting and degumming the mixed enzyme solution
Soaking flax stems in a mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the heat preservation time is 4-6h, the temperature is 35-42 ℃, and the mixed enzyme solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12-22 parts of alkaline xylanase
15-18 parts of glucanase
45-52 parts of alkaline pectinase.
2. A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
also comprises a step 6 of pickling
And (5) soaking the flax stem processed in the step (5) in an acetic acid solution for 3-6h, and washing the flax stem after soaking.
3. A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
also comprises a step 7 of soaping
And (4) putting the flax stem subjected to the step 6 into soaping, soaking for 2-4h, and then washing with water.
4. A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, when the water bath is used for soaking, the water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 5-8km/h, and the water temperature is 32-38 ℃.
5. A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the hemicellulase is glucanase, the soaking temperature is 25-28 ℃, the hemicellulase liquid is continuously stirred during soaking, and the stirring speed is 300-.
6. A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, water is circulating water, the water flow speed is 3-5km/h, and the water temperature is 25-28 ℃.
7. A clean and environment-friendly flax degumming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 5, soaking the flax stem in the mixed enzyme solution for heat preservation and degumming, wherein the mixed enzyme solution needs to be stirred, the stirring speed is 200-260r/h, forward and reverse stirring is adopted, and the stirring direction is changed once every half hour of stirring.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113684542A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-23 | 穆棱市金泰恒亚麻纺织有限公司 | Flax yarn fiber refining and impurity removing process |
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Application publication date: 20200410 |