CN110983064A - Method and equipment for improving surface quality of titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot - Google Patents
Method and equipment for improving surface quality of titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and equipment for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, wherein the method comprises the following steps: putting a titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, wherein an aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode; when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A; in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting; the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroslag remelting, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for improving surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot.
Background
Electroslag remelting steel is a method of melting using resistance heat generated when electric current passes through slag as a heat source. The method aims to improve the purity of metal, purify the metal and obtain a clean steel ingot with uniform and compact structure.
In the prior art, when a titanium-containing steel ingot is remelted by electroslag, because the oxidation of titanium element in an electrode changes the components of slag to a certain extent, the physical and chemical performance parameters of the slag also change, so that a slag channel is formed on the surface of the steel ingot and the surface of the steel ingot is unsmooth, the quality of the steel ingot is reduced, and the steel ingot cannot be hot-processed into a finished product.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and equipment for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, which are used for solving the technical problem that the surface quality of the steel ingot is reduced because slag grooves are formed on the surface of the steel ingot and are not smooth when the titanium-containing steel ingot is electroslag remelted in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for improving the surface quality of a titaniferous electroslag steel ingot, which is applied to a remelting furnace, and comprises the following steps:
putting a titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, wherein an aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode;
when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A;
in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting;
the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
Optionally, the number of the aluminum wires is determined according to the diameter of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
Optionally, the liquid slag composition comprises: calcium fluoride CaF2Aluminum oxide Al2O3Magnesium oxide MgO and calcium oxide CaO; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the CaF2The Al2O3The weight percentages of the MgO and the CaOComprises the following steps: 85: 10: 2.5: 2.5.
optionally, when the weight of the steel ingot is 150-200 kg, the diameter of the upper opening of the crystallizer is 10-15 mm smaller than that of the lower opening of the crystallizer.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and in the smelting process, controlling the smelting current fluctuation to be less than 100A.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and in the later stage of smelting, controlling the smelting current to be 1500-2000A.
The invention also provides equipment for improving the surface quality of a titaniferous electroslag steel ingot, which comprises the following components:
the hoisting component is used for loading the titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, and the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is attached with an aluminum wire;
the controller is used for controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A;
in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting;
the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
Optionally, the number of the aluminum wires is determined according to the diameter of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
Optionally, the liquid slag composition comprises: calcium fluoride CaF2Aluminum oxide Al2O3Magnesium oxide MgO and calcium oxide CaO; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the CaF2, the Al2O3, the MgO and the CaO are in percentage by weight: 85: 10: 2.5: 2.5.
optionally, when the weight of the steel ingot is 150-200 kg, the diameter of the upper opening of the crystallizer is 10-15 mm smaller than that of the lower opening of the crystallizer.
The embodiment of the invention providesA method and equipment for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot are disclosed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: putting a titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, wherein an aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode; when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A; in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting; the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode; so, because of having the aluminium silk by the surface of titanium-containing rod iron electrode, utilize aluminium element to carry out oxidation reaction in the smelting process, desorption oxygen in the liquid sediment, because aluminium element is more lively than titanium element, consequently can avoid titanium element to be oxidized, avoid increasing TiO in the liquid sediment2Effectively keeping the slag components and increasing the slag fluidity; and can wholly guarantee the rationality of the three-phase zone temperature in the crystallizer through controlling the arc striking current and the smelting current, in addition, effectively control the cooling water temperature during smelting, can avoid the incrustation phenomenon at the slag line part of the contact between the slag blanket surface and the inner wall of the crystallizer, and then can make the inner wall of the crystallizer adhere to the slag crust with uniform thickness, stop the defects of slag channel and unsmooth on the steel ingot surface, and ensure the surface quality of the steel ingot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a remelting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of equipment for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the technical problem that the quality of the surface of a steel ingot is reduced due to the fact that a slag groove is formed on the surface of the steel ingot and is not smooth when the titanium-containing steel ingot is electroslag remelting in the prior art, the invention provides a method and equipment for improving the surface quality of the titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, wherein the method comprises the following steps: putting a titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, wherein an aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode; when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A; in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting; the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, which comprises the following steps of:
s110, putting a titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, wherein an aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode;
in order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the structure of the lower remelting furnace is described, and as shown in fig. 2, the remelting furnace includes: the device comprises a crystallizer 1, an electrode rod 2 and a bottom water tank 3; the crystallizer 1 is of a double-layer structure, and a slag pool 4, a metal molten pool 5 and a steel ingot forming area 6 are sequentially arranged in the crystallizer from top to bottom; a cooling loop 7 is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer of the crystallizer 1 and is used for cooling the periphery of the crystallizer 1; the bottom water tank 3 is used for cooling the bottom of the crystallizer 1.
In the embodiment, before the titanium-containing steel ingot is smelted, the titanium-containing steel rod electrode is loaded into a remelting furnace crystallizer by using a hoisting part, so that the electrode and the horizontal plane of a bottom water tank are ensured to be in a vertical state.
Here, in order to avoid oxidation of titanium element of the electrode to TiO2Avoid adding TiO in the slag2Therefore, the slag component and the fluidity are affected, and the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode in the embodiment is attached with the aluminum wire, because the aluminum element is more active than the titanium element, the aluminum isThe element can be oxidized first, which is equivalent to removing oxygen in the slag, and titanium element is prevented from being oxidized; the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode, and the electrode cannot be implanted.
Specifically, the number of the aluminum wires may be determined according to the diameter of the electrode, for example, when the diameter of the electrode is 150mm and the length is 2m, the number of the aluminum wires may be 3, and the diameter of the aluminum wires may be 3 mm; directly binding the aluminum wire on the surface of the electrode.
In order to prevent the impure substances from mixing into the slag to increase the oxygen content and change the slag components, the length of the electrode tip is cut off by 100-110 mm. The electrode is one of ingots, and the ingot includes: the first-to-solidify end and the second-to-solidify end, and the electrode big end is the first-to-solidify end of the electrode.
S111, when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A;
during smelting, when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, the arcing current is controlled to be 2800-3000A, and the liquid slag is prevented from flowing out of the crystallizer and the bottom water tank. In the embodiment, the slag is provided as the liquid slag, so that the fluidity of the slag can be improved, and the liquid slag comprises the following components: calcium fluoride CaF2, aluminum oxide Al2O3Magnesium oxide MgO and calcium oxide CaO; wherein, the CaF2The Al2O3The weight percentages of the MgO and the CaO are as follows: 85: 10: 2.5: 2.5; the slag is set to be liquid slag, and uniform slag crust can be attached to the inner wall of the crystallizer through reasonable matching.
After the arc starting current is adjusted to a target value, the arc starting current is controlled to be increased to a smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A, so that the temperature of a three-phase zone of the crystallizer is ensured. In the smelting process, the smelting current fluctuation is controlled to be less than 100A, and the defect in the steel ingot caused by overlarge smelting current fluctuation is avoided.
S112, in the smelting process, controlling the temperature of cooling water to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting;
meanwhile, in the smelting process, in order to avoid the phenomenon of 'crusting' at the slag line part where the surface of the slag layer is contacted with the inner wall of the crystallizer under the forced cooling of the crystallizer, a slag runner is further prevented from being formed on the surface when the molten steel rises to the part. The temperature of cooling water in the crystallizer is controlled according to different smelting time in the smelting process.
Specifically, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ in the initial smelting stage; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; and controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting. Wherein, the smelting period is assumed to be 1h, the initial smelting period is 14-18 min, and the middle smelting period is 34-38 min; the later period is 9-12 min.
In practical application, the temperature of the cooling water is collected in real time by the temperature collecting component, and when the temperature of the cooling water does not meet the preset temperature range, the temperature of the cooling water is adjusted by adjusting the water inflow.
And in order to increase the slag temperature at the lower part of the crystallizer, the diameter of the upper opening of the crystallizer is 10-15 mm smaller than that of the lower opening of the crystallizer when a steel ingot with the weight of 150-200 kg is smelted.
And in the later stage of smelting, controlling the smelting current to be 1500-2000A, and after finishing current feeding, calming for 5-6 min to remove steel ingots.
This application utilizes aluminium element to carry out oxidation reaction, and oxygen in the desorption liquid sediment because of aluminium element is more active than titanium element, consequently can avoid titanium element to be by oxidation, increases TiO in avoiding the liquid sediment2Effectively keeping the slag components and increasing the slag fluidity; and can wholly guarantee the rationality of the three-phase zone temperature in the crystallizer through controlling the arc striking current and the smelting current, in addition, effectively control the cooling water temperature during smelting, can avoid the incrustation phenomenon at the slag line part of the contact between the slag blanket surface and the inner wall of the crystallizer, and then can make the inner wall of the crystallizer adhere to the slag crust with uniform thickness, stop the defects of slag channel and unsmooth on the steel ingot surface, and ensure the surface quality of the steel ingot.
And the number of the first and second electrodes,al is generated after the aluminum element is oxidized2O3The components of the slag are not changed, and the physicochemical property parameters of the slag are prevented from changing.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides equipment for improving the surface quality of the titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, which is detailed in the second embodiment.
Example two
The embodiment provides an apparatus for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, and as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus comprises: a hoisting member 31 and a controller 32; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in this embodiment, before the titanium-containing steel ingot is smelted, the hoisting member 31 is used to load the titanium-containing steel rod electrode into the crystallizer of the remelting furnace, so as to ensure that the electrode is vertical to the horizontal plane of the bottom water tank.
Here, in order to avoid oxidation of titanium element of the electrode to TiO2Avoid adding TiO in the slag2Therefore, the components and the fluidity of the slag are affected, in the embodiment, the aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode, and because the aluminum element is more active than the titanium element, the aluminum element is oxidized first, which is equivalent to removing oxygen in the slag, and preventing the titanium element from being oxidized; the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode, and the electrode cannot be implanted.
Specifically, the number of the aluminum wires may be determined according to the diameter of the electrode, for example, when the diameter of the electrode is 150mm and the length is 2m, the number of the aluminum wires may be 3, and the diameter of the aluminum wires may be 3 mm; directly binding the aluminum wire on the surface of the electrode.
In order to prevent the impure substances from mixing into the slag to increase the oxygen content and change the slag components, the length of the electrode tip is cut off by 100-110 mm. The electrode is one of ingots, and the ingot includes: the first-to-solidify end and the second-to-solidify end, and the electrode big end is the first-to-solidify end of the electrode.
During smelting, when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, the controller 32 is used for controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and the liquid slag is prevented from flowing out of the crystallizer and the bottom water tank. The embodiment that the slag is arranged as the liquid slag can improve the fluidity of the slagThe liquid slag comprises the following components: calcium fluoride CaF2, aluminum oxide Al2O3Magnesium oxide MgO and calcium oxide CaO; wherein, the CaF2The Al2O3The weight percentages of the MgO and the CaO are as follows: 85: 10: 2.5: 2.5; the slag is set to be liquid slag, and uniform slag crust can be attached to the inner wall of the crystallizer through reasonable matching.
After the arc starting current is adjusted to a target value, the arc starting current is controlled to be increased to a smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A, so that the temperature of a three-phase zone of the crystallizer is ensured. In the smelting process, the smelting current fluctuation is controlled to be less than 100A, and the defect in the steel ingot caused by overlarge smelting current fluctuation is avoided.
Meanwhile, in the smelting process, in order to avoid the phenomenon of 'crusting' at the slag line part where the surface of the slag layer is contacted with the inner wall of the crystallizer under the forced cooling of the crystallizer, a slag runner is further prevented from being formed on the surface when the molten steel rises to the part. The controller 32 controls the temperature of the cooling water in the crystallizer according to the smelting time in the smelting process.
Specifically, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ in the initial smelting stage; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; and controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting. Wherein, the smelting period is assumed to be 1h, the initial smelting period is 14-18 min, and the middle smelting period is 34-38 min; the later period is 9-12 min.
In practical application, the temperature of the cooling water is collected in real time by the temperature collecting component, and when the temperature of the cooling water does not meet the preset temperature range, the temperature of the cooling water is adjusted by adjusting the water inflow.
And in order to increase the slag temperature at the lower part of the crystallizer, the diameter of the upper opening of the crystallizer is 10-15 mm smaller than that of the lower opening of the crystallizer when a steel ingot with the weight of 150-200 kg is smelted.
And in the later stage of smelting, controlling the smelting current to be 1500-2000A, and after finishing current feeding, calming for 5-6 min to remove steel ingots.
The method utilizes aluminum element to carry out oxidation reaction to remove oxygen in liquid slagBecause the aluminum element is more active than the titanium element, the titanium element can be prevented from being oxidized, and TiO is prevented from being added into the liquid slag2Effectively keeping the slag components and increasing the slag fluidity; and can wholly guarantee the rationality of the three-phase zone temperature in the crystallizer through controlling the arc striking current and the smelting current, in addition, effectively control the cooling water temperature during smelting, can avoid the incrustation phenomenon at the slag line part of the contact between the slag blanket surface and the inner wall of the crystallizer, and then can make the inner wall of the crystallizer adhere to the slag crust with uniform thickness, stop the defects of slag channel and unsmooth on the steel ingot surface, and ensure the surface quality of the steel ingot.
The method and the equipment for improving the surface quality of the titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that at least:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method and equipment for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, wherein the method comprises the following steps: putting a titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, wherein an aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode; when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A; in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting; the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode; so, because of having the aluminium silk by the surface of titanium-containing rod iron electrode, utilize aluminium element to carry out oxidation reaction in the smelting process, desorption oxygen in the liquid sediment, because aluminium element is more lively than titanium element, consequently can avoid titanium element to be oxidized, avoid increasing TiO in the liquid sediment2Effectively keeping the slag components and increasing the slag fluidity; moreover, the reasonability of the temperature of a three-phase zone in the crystallizer can be integrally ensured by controlling the arcing current and the smelting current, and in addition, the cooling water temperature during smelting is effectively controlled, so that the incrustation phenomenon at the slag line part of the slag layer surface, which is in contact with the inner wall of the crystallizer, can be avoided, and further, the inner wall of the crystallizer can be attached with slag crust with uniform thickness, and the slag crust can be removedThe defects of slag channels and unsmooth surfaces of the steel ingots are overcome, and the surface quality of the steel ingots is ensured.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, which is applied to a remelting furnace, and comprises the following steps:
putting a titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, wherein an aluminum wire is attached to the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode;
when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A;
in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting;
the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of aluminum wires is determined according to the diameter of the titanium-containing steel rod electrode.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid slag composition comprises: calcium fluoride CaF2Aluminum oxide Al2O3Magnesium oxide MgO and calcium oxide CaO; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the CaF2The Al2O3The weight percentages of the MgO and the CaO are as follows: 85: 10: 2.5: 2.5.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the upper opening of the mold is 10 to 15mm smaller than the diameter of the lower opening of the mold when the ingot weighs 150 to 200 kg.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and in the smelting process, controlling the smelting current fluctuation to be less than 100A.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
and in the later stage of smelting, controlling the smelting current to be 1500-2000A.
7. An apparatus for improving the surface quality of a titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
the hoisting component is used for loading the titanium-containing steel bar electrode into a remelting furnace crystallizer, and the surface of the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is attached with an aluminum wire;
the controller is used for controlling the arcing current to be 2800-3000A when liquid slag is poured into the crystallizer, and controlling the arcing current to rise to the smelting current within 2.5-3 min, wherein the smelting current is 4400-4500A;
in the smelting process, the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 30-35 ℃ at the initial stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 40-45 ℃ in the middle stage of smelting; controlling the temperature of the cooling water to be 35-40 ℃ in the later stage of smelting;
the titanium-containing steel bar electrode is a straight steel bar electrode, and slag is not entrained in the titanium-containing steel bar electrode.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the number of the aluminum wires is determined according to the diameter of the titanium-containing steel rod electrode.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the liquid slag composition comprises: calcium fluoride CaF2Aluminum oxide Al2O3Magnesium oxide MgO and calcium oxide CaO; it is composed ofIn (1),
the CaF2, the Al2O3, the MgO and the CaO are in percentage by weight: 85: 10: 2.5: 2.5.
10. the apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the upper mouth of the mold is 10 to 15mm smaller than the diameter of the lower mouth of the mold when the ingot weighs 150 to 200 kg.
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