CN110981511A - 一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110981511A
CN110981511A CN201911322566.5A CN201911322566A CN110981511A CN 110981511 A CN110981511 A CN 110981511A CN 201911322566 A CN201911322566 A CN 201911322566A CN 110981511 A CN110981511 A CN 110981511A
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刘骏
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵及其制备方法,属于材料领域。包括莫来石5‑10份,碳化硅30‑50份、二氧化硅20‑30份、纳米钛1‑5份、陶瓷微粒5‑10份,氧化锆1‑5、硼化硅3‑5份、氧化铝1‑5份。制备方法为将将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;将高温浆料成型,烧结,冷却得到。本发明具有良好的防腐和耐高温效果,可以有效改善材料的热稳定性,大大降低了耐火材料的重烧线收缩率,提高匣钵的耐火性能,增大寿命;比现有一般的匣钵的使用寿命高出了2.8‑3倍。

Description

一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料领域,具体涉及一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硅由于化学性能稳定、导热系数高、热膨胀系数小、耐磨性能好,例如:以特殊工艺把碳化硅粉末涂布于水轮机叶轮或汽缸体的内壁,可提高其耐磨性而延长使用寿命1~2倍;用以制成的高级耐火材料,耐热震、体积小、重量轻而强度高,节能效果好。低品级碳化硅(含SiC约85%)是极好的脱氧剂,用它可加快炼钢速度,并便于控制化学成分,提高钢的质量。此外,碳化硅还大量用于制作电热元件硅碳棒。因此为了提高耐高温性能,碳化硅常被使用于制备锂电池正极材料匣钵,从而增加了匣钵的耐高温性能。但是锂电池正极材料匣钵仍存在着抗侵蚀性差的问题,用于焙烧的锂电池正极材料多为粉末状,渗透能力强,材料中的锂离子属于强碱性物质,强碱物质对匣钵材料具有很强的侵蚀性,锂电池正极材料焙烧过程中,由于锂离子与匣钵的接触过程中,锂离子能够将匣钵中的Si、Al、Mg等离子析出,从而破坏匣钵的微观结构,匣钵遭受到侵蚀,导致匣钵的使用寿命明显缩短。同时匣钵经过2000-2500℃的高温冷热重复使用,一般使用20-30次就会报废。同时由于匣钵内的氧化物氧化性能高,且还具有强酸强碱的特性,很容易被腐蚀。高温强腐蚀的大大降低了匣钵的使用寿命。
目前为了改善匣钵的抗腐蚀性能,一般常用的方式是在匣钵的表面涂抹一层防腐材料;如公开号CN110452605A公开的一种碳化硅涂料及其制造方法,包括碳化硅粉末30~40%、水性聚氨酯20~30%、聚丙烯酸酯10~20%、有机金属盐5~15%、凹凸棒土1~10%、纤维素衍生物1~5%、水性润湿剂1~5%、甲醇1~5%。在匣钵高温的反如下,有机物中的结晶水容易蒸发,且有机物呈现熔融状态;使涂层容易脱落,影响防腐效果;同时脱落的涂层影响电极的导电性能。公开号CN110451939A公开的一种匣钵及其制造方法,其匣钵材料主要包括高岭土8-10份,滑石7-9份,氧化铝4-6份,粒径10μm-40μm的刚玉22-28份,粒径0.1-0.8mm的刚玉45-58份,粒径300-500目碳化硅18-30份,莫来石8-15份以及粒径为0.1-1mm的堇青石8-16份,其中高岭土中二氧化硅的质量百分比为50%,三氧化二铝的质量百分比为38%;滑石中二氧化硅的质量百分比为55%,氧化镁的质量百分比为35%。其制备方法通过水的混合,同时加入了结合剂,结合剂为纸浆废液或聚乙烯醇或糊精。本发明中的结合剂虽然在常温下具有站街作用,但是在高温下容易糊化,很难将无机物粘接在一起,降低了匣钵的质量。
综上所述,现有技术中虽然有利用碳化硅对匣钵防腐和耐高温,但作为涂料方式的碳化硅防腐材料容易脱落,影响防腐效果;而添加性的匣钵中其中的粘接剂效果不好,容易产生空隙和气泡,影响了匣钵的品质。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种能够耐超高温、同时提高抗腐蚀性的匣钵。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵,包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石5-10份,碳化硅30-50份、二氧化硅20-30份、纳米钛1-5份、陶瓷微粒5-10份,氧化锆1-5、硼化硅3-5份、氧化铝1-5份。
进一步的,所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石8-10份,碳化硅40-50份、二氧化硅25-30份、纳米钛2-3份、陶瓷微粒5-8份,氧化锆1-3份、硼化硅3-4份、氧化铝2-3份。
进一步的,所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石10份,碳化硅45份、纳米二氧化硅28份、纳米钛2.5份、陶瓷微粒6份,氧化锆2份、硼化硅3.5份、氧化铝2份。
进一步的,所述莫来石的粒径为400-500目。
进一步的,所述碳化硅的粒径为400-500目。
进一步的,所述陶瓷微粒的粒径为150-180目。
本发明耐高温腐蚀匣钵制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;
(2)将高温浆料倒入匣钵模具中成型,成型的生胚在保护氮气保护下在烧结炉中烧成后即可得到所述匣钵,再冷却至室温。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述烧结的温度为1350-1500℃。
本发明耐高温腐蚀匣钵及其制备方法,其有益效果在于:
(1)本发明以碳化硅作为基础物料,同时加入莫来石、纳米钛、氧化锆和硼化硅;具有良好的防腐蚀效果,同时能够承受1500℃以上的高温;
(2)本发明在制备方法中通过熔融的二氧化硅作为溶剂,并与其他物料进行混合;流动性好,混合均匀,冷却后各物质间的连接性好,气泡少,匣钵质量优异。
(3)本发明加入的除了良好的防腐效果,还具有耐高温,尤其是碳化硅、氧化锆和硼化硅的混合,可以有效改善材料的热稳定性,大大降低了耐火材料的重烧线收缩率,提高匣钵的耐火性能,增大寿命;比现有一般的匣钵的使用寿命高出了2.8-3倍。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵,包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石5份,碳化硅30份、纳米二氧化硅20份、纳米钛1份、陶瓷微粒5份,氧化锆1、硼化硅3份、氧化铝1份。
所述莫来石的粒径为500目;
碳化硅的粒径为500目;
陶瓷微粒的粒径为150目;
本实施例中耐高温腐蚀匣钵的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;
(2)将高温浆料倒入匣钵模具中成型,成型的生胚在氮气环境下,1350-1400℃的温度下烧结炉中烧成后即可得到所述匣钵,再冷却至室温。
实施例2
一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵,包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石10份,碳化硅50份、纳米二氧化硅30份、纳米钛5份、陶瓷微粒10份,氧化锆5、硼化硅5份、氧化铝1份。
所述莫来石的粒径为500目;
碳化硅的粒径为500目;
陶瓷微粒的粒径为150目;
本实施例中耐高温腐蚀匣钵的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;
(2)将高温浆料倒入匣钵模具中成型,成型的生胚在氮气环境下,1350-1400℃的温度下烧结炉中烧成后即可得到所述匣钵,再冷却至室温。
实施例3
一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵,包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石6份,碳化硅35份、纳米二氧化硅22份、纳米钛4份、陶瓷微粒8份,氧化锆4份、硼化硅5份、氧化铝2份。
所述莫来石的粒径为500目;
碳化硅的粒径为500目;
陶瓷微粒的粒径为150目;
本实施例中耐高温腐蚀匣钵的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;
(2)将高温浆料倒入匣钵模具中成型,成型的生胚在氮气环境下,1450-1500℃的温度下烧结炉中烧成后即可得到所述匣钵,再冷却至室温。
实施例4
一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵,包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石8份,碳化硅40份、纳米二氧化硅25份、纳米钛2份、陶瓷微粒5份,氧化锆3份、硼化硅4份、氧化铝2份。
所述莫来石的粒径为500目;
碳化硅的粒径为500目;
陶瓷微粒的粒径为150目;
本实施例中耐高温腐蚀匣钵的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;
(2)将高温浆料倒入匣钵模具中成型,成型的生胚在氮气环境下,1350-1400℃的温度下烧结炉中烧成后即可得到所述匣钵,再冷却至室温。
实施例5
一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵,包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石10份,碳化硅45份、纳米二氧化硅28份、纳米钛2.5份、陶瓷微粒6份,氧化锆2份、硼化硅3.5份、氧化铝2份。
所述莫来石的粒径为500目;
碳化硅的粒径为500目;
陶瓷微粒的粒径为150目;
本实施例中耐高温腐蚀匣钵的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;
(2)将高温浆料倒入匣钵模具中成型,成型的生胚在氮气环境下,1400-1450℃的温度下烧结炉中烧成后即可得到所述匣钵,再冷却至室温。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的技术方案进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本发明实施例的原理以及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只适用于帮助理解本发明实施例的原理;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明实施例,在具体实施方式以及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (8)

1.一种耐高温腐蚀匣钵,其特征在于:包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石5-10份,碳化硅30-50份、二氧化硅30-40份、纳米钛1-5份、陶瓷微粒5-10份,氧化锆1-5份、硼化硅3-5份、氧化铝1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵,其特征在于:包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石8-10份,碳化硅40-50份、二氧化硅25-30份、纳米钛2-3份、陶瓷微粒5-8份,氧化锆1-3份、硼化硅3-4份、氧化铝2-3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵,其特征在于:包括如下组分,按重量份计为:莫来石10份,碳化硅45份、二氧化硅28份、纳米钛2.5份、陶瓷微粒6份,氧化锆2份、硼化硅3.5份、氧化铝2份。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵,其特征在于:所述莫来石的粒径为400-500目。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵,其特征在于:所述碳化硅的粒径为400-500目。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵,其特征在于:所述陶瓷微粒的粒径为150-180目。
7.一种根据权利要求1所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化硅熔融后;在氮气的保护下加入重量份的莫来石、碳化硅、纳米钛、陶瓷微粒,氧化锆、硼化硅和氧化铝充分混合后,得到高温浆料;
(2)将高温浆料倒入匣钵模具中成型,成型的生胚在保护氮气保护下在烧结炉中烧成后即可得到所述匣钵,再冷却至室温。
8.根据权利要求7所述耐高温腐蚀匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于:所述烧结的温度为1350-1500℃。
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