CN110973359A - Application of dry soybean curd residue in ensiling and preparing high-moisture material - Google Patents
Application of dry soybean curd residue in ensiling and preparing high-moisture material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110973359A CN110973359A CN201911145651.9A CN201911145651A CN110973359A CN 110973359 A CN110973359 A CN 110973359A CN 201911145651 A CN201911145651 A CN 201911145651A CN 110973359 A CN110973359 A CN 110973359A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/12—Dehydration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses an application of dry soybean curd residue in ensiling and preparing high-moisture materials. The invention is based on the discovery that the bean curd residue has very strong water absorption capacity after being dried in the sun, can absorb redundant water in the ensiling process of high-moisture materials, improves the ensiling fermentation quality and the nutrition quality, reduces the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of ensiling liquid, and is suitable for being used as an ensiling feed water absorbent. The silage is obtained by uniformly mixing silage raw materials and dry soybean curd residues, degassing, sealing and storing. The silage provided by the invention has the characteristics of low cost, safety, reliability, high nutritive value, easiness in utilization and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silage, and particularly relates to application of dry soybean curd residue in silage modulation of a high-moisture material.
Background
The silage is yellow green in color, sour and fragrant in smell and good in palatability, is widely applied to animal husbandry production, and particularly becomes an indispensable basic feed in ruminant breeding. However, many factors limit the fermentation quality of silage during the production process of silage, and how to produce high-quality silage becomes a focus of attention in the field. In the silage production process, the influence of the moisture content of the raw materials on the fermentation quality is great: the over-high water content easily causes butyric acid fermentation, and further causes the fermentation quality of the silage to be poor; meanwhile, effluent liquid is also generated, so that nutrient loss is caused and the environment is polluted. The air-drying can effectively reduce the water content of the silage raw materials, and further improve the fermentation quality. However, in some areas such as south, the rain is wet, and the airing is difficult to achieve. In the prior art, the moisture content of silage is reduced by adding substances with low moisture content (such as bran and the like), but the capability of the silage for absorbing moisture is very limited, and the silage can be effectively added with very large amount.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the application of the dry soybean curd residue in ensiling and preparing high-moisture materials.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the silage.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide silage obtained by the above method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the application of the dry soybean curd residue in ensiling and preparing the high-moisture material is based on the discovery that the soybean curd residue has very strong water absorption capacity after being dried in the sun, can absorb redundant moisture in the ensiling process of the high-moisture material, improves the ensiling fermentation quality and the nutrition quality, reduces the discharge pollution of the ensiling liquid, and is suitable for being used as an ensiling feed water absorbent.
The bean curd residue is derived from byproducts of bean curd and soybean milk production.
A preparation method of silage, which is obtained by realizing the application, comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting silage raw materials;
(2) adding the dried bean curd residue, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A;
(3) degassing, sealing and storing the mixture A obtained in the step (2) to obtain the silage.
The ensiling raw material in the step (1) is preferably high-moisture ensiling raw material with the water content of more than 75%; more preferably ryegrass; most preferred is pre-anthesis italian ryegrass.
The degree of shredding in the step (1) is preferably to cut the silage raw material into 1-2 cm sections.
The addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue in the step (2) is preferably calculated according to 5-20% of the mass of the silage raw material; the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue is adjusted according to the water content of the ensiling raw material.
When the water content of the silage raw material is more than 85%, the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue is preferably calculated according to 10-20% of the mass of the silage raw material; most preferably calculated as 10% of the mass of the silage equivalent.
When the water content of the silage raw material is less than 85%, the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue is preferably calculated according to 5-10% of the mass of the silage raw material; most preferably 5% by mass of the silage equivalent.
Silage obtained by the preparation method. The silage contains dry bean curd residue which is a byproduct in the production process of bean curd or soymilk and contains various nutrient substances such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like and a large amount of food fiber, and has certain effects of improving the nutritional value of the silage and improving the intestinal health of animals; meanwhile, the dry bean curd residue has very strong water absorption capacity, can absorb redundant water in the ensiling process of high-moisture materials, improves the ensiling fermentation quality, and reduces the outflow of the ensiled liquid, thereby reducing the pollution to the environment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the inventor of the invention finds that the dried bean curd residue has very strong water absorption capacity relative to components such as corn flour, wheat flour, rice bran and the like, can adsorb excessive water in the ensiling process of the ensiling raw materials by only adding a small amount of dried bean curd residue into the ensiling raw materials, improves the ensiling fermentation quality, reduces the outflow of the ensiling liquid, and reduces the pollution to the environment.
(2) The invention provides a preparation method of silage. The water absorbing material in the method has wide source, easy storage and transportation, low cost, safety, reliability and easy utilization, and can be implemented in various places.
(3) The silage prepared by using the dry soybean curb residue has the characteristics of low cost, safety, reliability, high nutritive value, easiness in utilization and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the adsorption capacity of various moisture-absorbing materials for moisture; in the figures, different letters are labeled to indicate significant differences.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relative production of silage juice as a function of increasing amounts of moisture absorbing material added.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1 analysis of the ability of different moisture-absorbing materials to adsorb moisture
The water absorption capacity is expressed as the weight of water that is well absorbed by a sample per unit weight under the same room temperature conditions.
Weighing 1g of dried bean curd residue, wheat flour, corn flour and rice bran, soaking in distilled water for 30min, filtering to remove water, measuring the weight of each material, and calculating the weight of adsorbed water.
The results are shown in FIG. 1: the water absorption capacity of the dried bean curd residue is strongest, and the dried bean curd residue can absorb water which is more than 9 times of the weight of the dried bean curd residue; secondly, rice bran; wheat flour and corn flour have a poor water absorbing capacity and can only absorb moisture equivalent to their own weight. The result shows that the dry soybean curd residue is expected to become a high-efficiency moisture adsorption material for silage.
Example 2 actual Effect of Water-absorbing Material addition to silage
An ensiling addition test was conducted using italian ryegrass before flowering as a material, and water absorbing materials including dried bean curd refuse, corn flour, wheat flour, and rice bran (table 1) were added in proportions of 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of the ensiling raw material, respectively, and the mixed materials were put into 30cm × 20cm polyethylene ensiling bags, each treated with 3 bags of about 200g, evacuated and sealed with a vacuum sealer, stored for 60 days, and then opened to measure the ensiling fermentation quality and compared for analysis.
The results are as follows: when the dry matter content of the ryegrass is less than 12%, silage of 10-20% of dry bean curd residues is added, effluent generated in the ensiling process is the least (figure 2), and the ensiling fermentation quality is good (table 2). Although rice bran is added, the effect of the added rice bran is inferior to that of the dried soybean curd refuse, although the added rice bran is less than silage effluent generated by wheat flour and corn flour, and the rice bran has far lower nutritional value than the dried soybean curd refuse. When the addition amount of the corn flour and the wheat flour is 5%, the silage fermentation quality is good, but a large amount of silage juice flows out, so that the nutrition quality of the silage is reduced. The addition of the dry bean curd residue improves the ensiling fermentation quality of the ryegrass, can obviously reduce the discharge of ensiling juice, and is optimal when the addition amount is 10 percent in comprehensive comparison.
TABLE 1 nutritional quality of different materials
Note: FM, silage fresh material; the difference between lower case letters in the same column is significant, indicating that the level of 0.05 is significant; indicates 0.01 levels were significant.
TABLE 2 influence of different water-absorbing materials on the quality of ensilage fermentation in the preparation of ryegrass ensilage
Note: FM, silage fresh material; TN, representing total nitrogen; NH3-N, representing ammoniacal nitrogen; the difference is obvious when the lower case letters in the same column are different; NS, indicating a non-significant level of 0.05; indicates 0.05 level significance; indicates 0.01 levels were significant.
The method for measuring the nutrient content and the silage fermentation index comprises the following steps:
1) analysis of nutrient components of fresh materials: the Dry Matter (DM) content is determined by a drying method at 70 ℃, the crude protein content is determined by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method (azotometer KDN-103F, Shanghai fibre inspection apparatus Co., Ltd.), the WSC content is determined by an anthrone-sulfuric acid method, the ammoniacal nitrogen content is determined by direct distillation of the Kjeldahl nitrogen determinator to determine the neutral detergent fiber content and the acidic detergent fiber content is determined by a filter bag method, the water absorption capacity is represented by the weight of water fully absorbed by a unit weight sample under the same room temperature condition, and the amount of the silage juice is determined by an extrusion and exudation method.
2) And (3) fermentation quality analysis: after the silage bag is opened, 20g of the mixed silage material is put into a polyethylene plastic sealing bag, 80mL of distilled water is added, the silage material is soaked for 18h at the temperature of 4 ℃, then the filtration is carried out, and the pH value of a leaching solution is measured by a pH meter (PHS-3B, Shanghai Peng Shun scientific instruments Co., Ltd.). The content of organic acid is measured by Shimadzu LC-20AT high performance liquid chromatograph: chromatographic conditions are as follows: a chromatographic column (KC-811) with a mobile phase of 0.1mmol/L phosphoric acid solution, a flow rate of 1mL/min, a column temperature of 40 ℃ and a detection wavelength of 210 nm; directly distilling and measuring the content of ammoniacal nitrogen by using a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination instrument; and finally, evaluating the fermentation quality of the silage by a Frieg silage scoring scheme.
After the silage bags are opened, 20g of fermented silage materials are respectively taken, the amount of silage juice is measured by a squeezing and exuding method, meanwhile, the relative production amount of the silage juice is calculated,
the above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Application of dried bean curd residue in ensiling and concocting high moisture material is provided.
2. A method for producing silage, which realizes application of the dried soybean curd refuse of claim 1 to the preparation of silage of a high-moisture material, comprising the steps of:
(1) cutting silage raw materials;
(2) adding the dried bean curd residue, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A;
(3) degassing, sealing and storing the mixture A obtained in the step (2) to obtain the silage.
3. The method for preparing silage according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the ensiling raw material in the step (1) is a high-moisture ensiling raw material with the water content of more than 75 percent.
4. The method for preparing silage according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the ensiling raw material in the step (1) is ryegrass.
5. The method for preparing silage according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the ensiling raw material in the step (1) is Italian ryegrass before flowering.
6. The method for preparing silage according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the cutting degree in the step (1) is to cut the ensiling raw material into 1-2 cm sections.
7. The method for preparing silage according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue in the step (2) is calculated according to 5-20% of the mass of the silage raw material.
8. The method for preparing silage according to claim 7, characterized in that:
when the water content of the silage raw material is more than 85%, the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue is calculated according to 10-20% of the mass of the silage raw material;
when the water content of the silage raw material is less than 85%, the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue is calculated according to 5-10% of the mass of the silage raw material.
9. The method for preparing silage according to claim 8, characterized in that:
when the water content of the silage raw material is more than 85%, the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue is calculated according to 10% of the mass of the silage raw material;
when the water content of the silage raw material is less than 85%, the addition amount of the dry soybean curd residue is calculated according to 5% of the mass of the silage raw material.
10. An ensilage characterized in that: the preparation method of any one of claims 2 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911145651.9A CN110973359A (en) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | Application of dry soybean curd residue in ensiling and preparing high-moisture material |
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| CN201911145651.9A CN110973359A (en) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | Application of dry soybean curd residue in ensiling and preparing high-moisture material |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111887351A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-06 | 华南农业大学 | Huanglianmu leaf powder as silage additive and application thereof in stylosanthes guianensis silage |
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| CN105851512A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Method for producing silage from soybean curb residues |
| CN110226452A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-13 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of edible fungus industrial cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof of dry bean dregs preparation |
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2019
- 2019-11-21 CN CN201911145651.9A patent/CN110973359A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| JP2004194644A (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-15 | Hoyu Kosan Kk | Method for drying blood by addition of dried bean curd lees |
| JP2010046023A (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-03-04 | Osaka Prefecture | Solid lactic acid fermented feed, method for producing the same, and apparatus for producing the feed |
| CN105851512A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Method for producing silage from soybean curb residues |
| CN110226452A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-13 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of edible fungus industrial cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof of dry bean dregs preparation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111887351A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-06 | 华南农业大学 | Huanglianmu leaf powder as silage additive and application thereof in stylosanthes guianensis silage |
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