CN110973352A - 一种水草资源化利用的方法及设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种水草资源化利用的方法,包括以下步骤:通过水草收割船自动收割水草后在船体上进行粉碎和脱水;脱水后的水草物料添加一定的作物干料,混合均匀;接种微生物后进行发酵;发酵完毕后将混合物料输送至螺旋挤压单元制备成发酵饲料颗粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水草自动收割及资源化利用的设备及其方法,特别涉及一种利用水草发酵后制备成鲜饲料的方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着经济与社会的快速发展,湖泊、河道等水体富营养化程度严重,甚至成为黑臭水体。通过重新构建水体生产者、消费者和分解者,构建一个完整的生态***以实现这三者在水域生态***的合理配置,实现水体恢复自净能力是目前最有效的治理手段。沉水植物在生态修复***中具有重要的生态作用,它是水体生态***中的初级生产者,不仅能够增加水体的溶解氧,还能够给鱼类提供隐蔽和繁殖场所。
为了避免生长过剩的沉水植物对水体造成二次污染,目前,主要采取有人工打捞的方式将水草收割上岸,收割后水草主要丢弃在闲置场地,并没有很好的资源化利用。以伊乐藻为例,伊乐藻的营养丰富,干物质占8.23%、粗蛋白为2.1%、粗脂肪为0.19%,无氮浸出物为2.53%、粗灰分为1.52%,粗纤维为1.9%。其茎叶和根须中富含维生素C、维生素E和维生素B12等,这可以补充投喂谷物和其他饲料多种维生素的不足。还含有丰富的钙、磷和多种微量元素,其中钙的含量尤为突出。伊乐藻含有1.9%的粗纤维,非常有助于虾、蟹、鱼对多种食物的消化和吸收。因此,水草可以作为是优质的饲料原材料资源。
将水草资源化利用的关键技术在于降低水草的含水率、改善水草的适口性和营养结构。接种特定的微生物群落,具有以下主要作用:第一,在高效分解因子的作用下,粗纤维、木质素、长分子链,通过生物生化的作用,把畜禽不能吸收的高分子碳水化合物转化成可吸收利用的低分子碳水化合物;第二,添加的多种有益菌群能大量吸取水草中畜禽难以利用的有机氮、无机氮,使之转化成营养成份较高的菌体蛋白质,即蛋白饲料;第三,有益菌株在发酵中能产生大量蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶,纤维素分解酶,B族维生素和A、D,这是普通饲料无法相比的;第四,有益菌群在畜禽肠胃里,增强了免疫力,减少疾病发生。因此,在水草中按一定比例,接种特定的微生物群落,具有重要的意义。
本发明提出了一种将水草收割后制备成发酵饲料颗粒的方法,即采用所述设备将沉水植物收割—粉碎—脱水(固液分离)—混料—接种—螺旋挤出等工艺,制备成适口性好、营养价值高的鲜饲料颗粒。本发明实现富营养盐从水体转移上岸,并最终制备成饲料可以供虾、蟹、食草性鱼类喂养,可节约传统饲料成本、绿色环保、具有很好的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
水草资源化过程是通过自动收割-粉碎-脱水(固液分离)-混料-接种-螺旋挤出等工艺后,制备成发酵饲料颗粒的过程。
水草收割设备包括:水草收割船、自动收割单元、粉碎单元、固液分离单元、混料单元、挤出单元。所述船体上设置第一传送单元、固液分离机、混料机、螺旋挤出挤压机以及打包筐。采用本***可以实现水草的全自动收割和产品颗粒料出料,省时省力,效率高,资源化价值高。
所述船体前端下方安装有割刀,所述割刀后部倾斜安装有输送带,所述输送带后设置有控水装置,所述控水装置为输送带末端的可自由旋转的圆柱形滚筒;所述第一传送单位出料口通过控水装置后与粉碎机进料口连接,所述粉碎机与固液分离设备连接,所述固废分离机与混料机连接,所述混料机与挤压机连接。
本发明所述粉碎单元,是将水草粉碎成粒径大约为1-2cm,所述固废分离出料的含水率约70-80%,其目的在于降低水草含水率及便于饲料颗粒成形。
所述混料工艺,是将粉碎脱水后的水草物料添加一定的作物干料,其目的在于提高混料的含水率及纤维素含量;所述配方为水草物料与玉米秸秆、花生藤、油菜秸秆等作物干料,按一定配方混合均匀。其配方为水草混合料:干秸秆质量比为1.8:1~10:1,混合料的含水率约35-50%。
所述接种过程,是将玉米粉、豆渣等培养基中接种微生物群落,接种量为3-5%;进一步将上述发酵剂按2-10%质量比混合均匀到上述水草混合物料中;
所述微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢梭菌属(Clostridium)、纤维素分解性细菌cellulose decomposingbacteria、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、丝状真菌适用范围等多种功能型微生物菌群中一种或某种组合。其有效功能活菌总含量在10亿个/克以上。
所述挤压工艺,是将上述混合物料,输送至螺旋挤压单元;采用螺旋挤压的方式,不仅有利于进一步降低饲料含水率,同时能实现饲料颗粒的成形。
所述发酵颗粒饲料,其特征在于包裹了上述微生物群落,以厌氧性的酵母菌及芽孢梭菌属(Clostridium)为主;
所述酵母菌为能在pH3.0-7.5的范围内生长,其最佳pH为4.5-5.0,弱酸性环境能抑制腐败菌和其他有害菌类的繁殖,达到水草保鲜的目的。经该微生物菌落发酵的水草混合饲料呈酒香气,适口性极好,营养成份大大增高。
所述芽孢梭菌属(Clostridium),能促使饲料***、变香而更加适口。最终使那些不易被动物吸收利用的粗纤维转化成能被动物吸收的营养物质,提高了动物对粗纤维的消化、吸收和利用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明割草设备结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种技术方案:一种水草资源化利用的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)通过水草收割船自动收割水草后在船体上进行粉碎和脱水;
2)脱水后的水草物料添加一定的作物干料,混合均匀;
3)接种微生物后进行发酵;
4)发酵完毕后将混合物料输送至螺旋挤压单元制备成发酵饲料颗粒。
所述粉碎是将水草粉碎成粒径大约1~2cm,所述脱水后水草的含水率为70~80%。
所述作物干料为玉米秸秆、花生藤、油菜秸秆,配方为水草混合料:干秸秆质量比为1.8:1~10:1,混合料的含水率约35-50%。
所述接种是将玉米粉、豆渣培养基中接种微生物群落,接种量为培养基重量比的3-5%;进一步将上述发酵剂按2~10%质量比混合均匀到上述水草混合物料中。
所述微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢梭菌属、纤维素分解性细菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、丝状真菌适用范围等多种功能型微生物菌群中一种或某种组合。其有效功能活菌总含量在10亿个/克以上。
所述发酵颗粒饲料包裹了厌氧性的酵母菌及芽孢梭菌属。所述酵母菌为能在pH3.0-7.5的范围内生长,其最佳pH为4.5-5.0,弱酸性环境能抑制腐败菌和其他有害菌类的繁殖,达到水草保鲜的目的。经该微生物菌落发酵的水草混合饲料呈酒香气,适口性极好,营养成份大大增高。所述芽孢梭菌属(Clostridium),能促使饲料***、变香而更加适口。最终使那些不易被动物吸收利用的粗纤维转化成能被动物吸收的营养物质,提高了动物对粗纤维的消化、吸收和利用率
所述水草,包括但不限于金鱼藻、苦草、菹草、狐尾藻、伊乐藻、轮叶黑藻、眼子菜、水花生、水葫芦、浮萍、茭白适合喂养虾、蟹、食草性鱼的沉水植物。
一种水草资源化利用的设备,该设备为水草收割船,船体前端安装有自动收割机1,自动收割机下方安装有割刀,所述割刀后部倾斜安装有输送带2,所述输送带2后设置有控水装置3,所述控水装置3为输送带末端的可自由旋转的圆柱形滚筒;滚筒的末端连接高速粉碎机4,所述粉碎机与固液分离机5连接,固液分离机5的下方为污水箱6,固液分离机5的末端连接第二输送带7,固液分离后的水草经过第二输送带7到达物料混合机9,物料混合机9内添加作物干料,并且在物料混合机9的上端具有微生物接种填料口8,物料混合机9的末端连接螺旋挤压挤出机10,挤出机10和打包机11相连。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (8)
1.一种水草资源化利用的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)通过水草收割船自动收割水草后在船体上进行粉碎和脱水;
2)脱水后的水草物料添加一定的作物干料,混合均匀;
3)接种微生物后进行发酵;
4)发酵完毕后将混合物料输送至螺旋挤压单元制备成发酵饲料颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粉碎是将水草粉碎成粒径大约1~2cm,所述脱水后水草的含水率为70~80%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述作物干料为玉米秸秆、花生藤、油菜秸秆,配方为水草混合料:干秸秆质量比为1.8:1~10:1,混合料的含水率约35-50%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接种是将玉米粉、豆渣培养基中接种微生物群落,接种量为培养基重量比的3-5%;进一步将上述发酵剂按2~10%质量比混合均匀到上述水草混合物料中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢梭菌属、纤维素分解性细菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、丝状真菌适用范围等多种功能型微生物菌群中一种或某种组合,其有效功能活菌总含量在10亿个/克以上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵颗粒饲料包裹了厌氧性的酵母菌及芽孢梭菌属。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水草,包括但不限于金鱼藻、苦草、菹草、狐尾藻、伊乐藻、轮叶黑藻、眼子菜、水花生、水葫芦、浮萍、茭白适合喂养虾、蟹、食草性鱼的沉水植物。
8.一种水草资源化利用的设备,其特征在于,该设备为水草收割船,船体前端安装有自动收割机(1),自动收割机下方安装有割刀,所述割刀后部倾斜安装有输送带(2),所述输送带(2)后设置有控水装置(3),所述控水装置(3)为输送带末端的可自由旋转的圆柱形滚筒;滚筒的末端连接高速粉碎机(4),所述粉碎机与固液分离机(5)连接,固液分离机(5)的下方为污水箱(6),固液分离机(5)的末端连接第二输送带(7),固液分离后的水草经过第二输送带(7)到达物料混合机(9),物料混合机(9)内添加作物干料,并且在物料混合机(9)的上端具有微生物接种填料口(8),物料混合机(9)的末端连接螺旋挤压挤出机(10),挤出机(10)和打包机(11)相连。
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