CN110972926A - Method for constructing gulfweed field on artificial riprap shoreline by adopting rope-wound stone-wound algal reef - Google Patents
Method for constructing gulfweed field on artificial riprap shoreline by adopting rope-wound stone-wound algal reef Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a gulfweed field on an artificial riprap shoreline by using a rope-winding stone-winding type algal reef, which is used for manufacturing an algal reef by using a rope-winding stone-winding method which is efficient, convenient and strong in operability, transplanting gulfweed seedlings into an artificial riprap shoreline sea area for cultivation, wherein the creeping growth of transplanted gulfweed false roots can cross a seedling rope to be secondarily attached to the surface of the artificial algal reef and can also be spread to the outside of the artificial algal reef to be secondarily attached to the surrounding large-volume riprap surface, and a plurality of new seedlings are regenerated by nutrient propagation of the false roots, so that populations can be propagated on the artificial riprap shoreline line, the gulfweed can be promoted to be further expanded in the artificial riprap shoreline area, the construction and the recovery of the gulfweed field can be really realized, the popularization and the application of the large area are easy, the cost is low, the labor intensity is low, and the like, and a restoration method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a method for constructing a gulfweed field on an artificial riprap shoreline by adopting a rope-wound stone-wound algal reef, belonging to the technical field of marine ecological environment restoration.
Background
The large-scale seaweed farm is a restorer and a stabilizer of marine ecological environment, and is a habitat, a breeding farm and a bait station of marine organisms. Therefore, the gulfweed field constructed on the artificial riprap shoreline can weaken the continuous deterioration condition of the coastal ecological environment. Many countries in the world adopt a mode of putting a large amount of artificial fishing reefs in intertidal zones to construct seaweed farms and obtain obvious effects, but the construction mode needs huge capital cost and huge matrix construction, is inconvenient to operate, consumes time and labor, destroys sea area landscapes, and is not suitable for bedrock intertidal zones.
The method for propagating and transplanting the gulfweed is a real effective mode for realizing the construction of a bedrock intertidal zone gulfweed field. At present, the propagation and transplantation technology based on seaweed sexual reproduction is widely applied, but the technology is only limited to the reproduction season of algae, and the research on the transplantation technology at the seedling stage is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a seaweed field on an artificial riprap shoreline by adopting a rope-wound stone-wound algal reef, which transplants rhizoid of gulfweed in an intertidal zone of the artificial riprap shoreline, wherein the rhizoid of the gulfweed can be secondarily attached to the artificial riprap and the riprap around the artificial riprap, and new seedlings are regenerated through nutrition propagation so as to maintain population multiplication, and the method is easy for large-area popularization and application, low in cost and low in labor intensity.
Aiming at the current situations that gulfweed resources in the intertidal zone of the lithofacies seriously decline and the ecological environment of the near shore is damaged due to the existing artificial riprap shore protection engineering of the Bay, on the basis of on-site investigation of the artificial riprap shore line of the Bay, the method adopts a rope-winding and stone-winding type algal reef manufacturing method according to local conditions and local materials, the method adopts the local materials, adopts a 'rope-winding and stone-winding method' with high efficiency, convenience and strong operability to manufacture the algal reef, cultures seedlings in the sea area of the artificial riprap shore line, and transplants the natural gulfweed seedlings to the artificial riprap shore line area of the Bay. The method has strong operability, the transplanted gulfweed can normally grow, the creeping growth of the gulfweed rhizoid not only can be attached to the surface of the artificial algal reef stone for the second time by crossing the seedling rope, but also can be spread outside the artificial algal reef and attached to the surrounding large-volume riprap surface for the second time, and a plurality of new seedlings are regenerated through nutrition propagation, the population is propagated in the artificial riprap shoreline generation, the construction and the recovery of the gulfweed field are promoted, and the restoration method is provided for the ecological environment protection and the sustainable development of the coastal zone.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: a method for constructing a seaweed field on a riprap shoreline by adopting a rope-wound stone-wound algal reef comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling rope, and soaking the seedling rope by adopting seawater;
(2) collecting half-leaf gulfweed seedlings, and arranging rhizomes of the gulfweed seedlings on seedling ropes to obtain seedling clamping seedling ropes;
(3) selecting a stone block with oyster shells attached to the surface, winding the stone block on the seedling clamping rope tightly along the oyster shells on the surface of the stone block, tightly attaching rhizoids of the gulfweed seedlings to the stone block, and then tying two ends of the seedling rope to prevent the seedling rope from loosening so as to prepare the algal reef;
(4) when the tide is subsided in the heavy tide stage, the manufactured algal reef is placed in a middle and low tide zone of an artificial riprap shoreline, the algal reef is fixed between ripraps, the gulfweed seedling surface of the algal reef is ensured to be upward or arranged facing the waves, and the sea area cultivation is carried out;
(5) through the sea area cultivation, the rhizoid creeping growth of gulfweed seedling not only can cross the seedling rope and adhere to artifical algal reef stone surface, can also stretch to outside the artifical algal reef secondary be attached to around the stone surface of throwing of bulky to reproduce new seedling through the nutrition, throw the stone shoreline generation at the manual work and breed the population, promote the structure and the recovery in gulfweed field.
In the method for constructing the seaweed field on the riprap shoreline by using the rope-wound stone-wound algal reef, the steps of:
preferably, the length of the nylon rope in the step (1) is 100-150cm, and the diameter is 3-5mm, more preferably 4 mm; the seedling rope is a nylon rope formed by twisting 3 strands of embryos together, and the two ends of the nylon rope are knotted, so that 3 strands of embryos are prevented from being loosened when the rope clamps seedlings, and the gulfweed seedlings are prevented from falling off.
Preferably, natural seawater is adopted for soaking treatment in the step (1) for 25-35 days, and more preferably 1 month.
Preferably, in the step (2), the natural gulfweed seedlings are collected in the gulf of asia at the beginning of 1 month each year, and have the length of 8-15cm and complete shape.
Preferably, in the step (2), the rhizoid of the gulfweed seedling is inserted into 3 embryos of the seedling rope so as to be arranged on the seedling rope, 3-10 half-leaf gulfweed seedlings are clamped on each seedling rope, the seedling clamping rope is obtained, and then the seedling clamping rope is temporarily cultured in a water pool.
Preferably, the stone blocks in step (3) are collected in the intertidal zone of the artificial riprap shoreline of the Bay of the great Asia.
Preferably, the stone block in the step (3) has a length of 20-30cm, a width of 10-20cm and a thickness of 8-12 cm.
The stone blocks in the invention can be small riprap, the gulfweed rhizoid can be secondarily attached to the surface of the riprap, and a plurality of new seedlings are regenerated through vegetative propagation, so that the population can be propagated in an artificial riprap shoreline generation, and the construction of a gulfweed field is really realized.
Preferably, in the step (3), the two ends of the seedling rope are tied up by using a binding belt.
Preferably, step (4) middle sea area is cultivated in the period and need not a large amount of manual management, and every month is according to the tide height that rises and falls, adjusts the position of algal reef to the tidal zone of putting is too high, receives the exposure of the sun for a long time and stresses, and the tidal zone of putting in order to avoid simultaneously is low excessively, and the illumination is not enough to influence the growth, and the sea water is too deep moreover unfavorable for discovering the algal reef.
Preferably, in the cultivation process of the sea area in the step (5), when the tidal water returns to a high tide and low tide line every month, the algal reef is taken out, and the growth and reproduction conditions of the transplanted gulfweed are observed and measured on site.
As a specific implementation manner of the invention, the method for constructing the seaweed field on the riprap shoreline by using the rope-wound stone-type algal reef provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedling rope, namely twisting 3 strands of embryos into a nylon rope with the diameter of 4mm, cutting the nylon rope with the length of 100-150cm, knotting two ends of the rope, preventing the 3 strands of embryos from being loosened when the rope clamps the seedling to cause the gulfweed seedling to fall off, and soaking the seedling rope in natural seawater for 1 month;
(2) preparing seedling clamping ropes, wherein gulf sea algae in the gulf sea area begin to germinate and grow into seedlings at the beginning of 1 month, collecting 200 gulf sea algae seedlings (with the algal length of 8-15cm) with complete shapes on intertidal zone rocks which are not damaged by people when the tide comes down in the tidal zone, conveying the gulf sea water to a seedling raising workshop for temporary culture by air inflation, plugging pseudo roots of the collected gulf sea seedlings into 3 embryos, screwing the pseudo roots, and temporarily culturing the gulf sea algae in a water pool by the seedling clamping ropes;
(3) preparing algal reefs, selecting stones with the length of 20-30cm, the width of 10-20cm and the thickness of 8-12cm in an intertidal zone of an artificial riprap shoreline in a big gulf during the ebb period, adhering oyster shells to the surfaces of the stones, winding the stones on the seedling clamping ropes tightly along the oyster shells on the surfaces of the stones, tightly adhering the artificial roots of gulfweed seedlings to the stones, and tying up two ends of the seedling ropes by using tying belts to prevent the seedling ropes from loosening;
(4) and transplanting the gulfweed seedlings, and when the tide subsides in a heavy tide stage, according to the shape and the layout of riprap in the medium-low tide zone of the riprap shoreline, throwing the manufactured algal reef in the medium-low tide zone and enabling the algal reef to be stably embedded between the riprap, preventing the algal reef from moving in the case of sea waves and ensuring that the algal surface of the algal reef faces upwards or faces against the waves. During the cultivation in the sea area, a large amount of manual management is not needed, the position of the algal reefs is adjusted every month according to the rising and falling heights of tides, so that the algal reefs are prevented from being too high and stressed by exposure to the sun for a long time, meanwhile, the growth is influenced by insufficient illumination because the exposed tidal zones are too low, and the algal reefs are not easy to find due to too deep seawater;
(5) tracking and investigating, wherein the tide water is reduced to a high tide low tide line every month after transplantation, the algal reefs are fished up, and the growth and reproduction conditions of the transplanted sargassum are observed and measured on site.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) aiming at the current situations that gulf-sea artificial riprap shore protection engineering causes serious decline of gulf-sea resources in the intertidal zone of the rock base and damages of the ecological environment near the shore, the method adopts a rope-winding and stone-winding method which is efficient, convenient and strong in operability to manufacture algal reefs according to local conditions and local materials, and cultivates seedlings in the artificial riprap shoreline sea area, so that transplanted gulf-sea can be secondarily attached and nutritionally propagated in the area, and the common maintenance of population reproduction is realized, thereby providing a construction method of the seaweed field for protecting the ecological environment and sustainable development of the coastal zone;
(2) by adopting the method, the transplanted sargassum can grow normally, the sargassum pseudorhizomes can be attached to the surface of the artificial algal reef stone for the second time, and a plurality of new seedlings are regenerated through nutrition propagation, so that the population can be propagated in the artificial riprap shoreline generation, and the construction of the sargassum field is really realized;
(3) according to local conditions, local materials are used, stones with oyster shells are selected as the attaching matrix, so that preparation of a large amount of attaching matrix required by gulfweed transplantation is saved, the seedling rope winding stability can be improved by the oyster shells, and the seedlings are not easy to slip;
(4) after the gulfweed seedlings are transplanted, the positions of algal reefs are adjusted according to the rising and falling heights of tides every month, the growth and observation of the gulfweed are facilitated, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the labor intensity is low, and the large-area popularization and application are easy;
(5) the seaweed transplanted by the method is natural gulfweed seedlings, the number of the required seedlings is small, and the work of indoor artificial seedling culture is saved;
(6) the seedling rope plays a role in auxiliary transfer, the gulfweed rhizoids can crawl and grow to gradually cross over the seedling rope, not only can be secondarily attached to the artificial algal reef stone, but also can be spread to the outside of the artificial algal reef and secondarily attached to the surface of the surrounding large-volume riprap, and the gulfweed is really rooted in the artificial riprap shoreline area;
(7) the method can ensure that the survival gulfweed is 100% in nutrition reproduction, the creeping growth of the gulfweed false root can cover the riprap surface in a large area, a large number of new seedlings are regenerated, and the further colonization of the gulfweed in the artificial riprap shoreline area is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rope-wound stone-wound algal reef in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the survival and adhesion of the transplanted Sargassum using the rope-wound algal reef device of example 1, (A) the algal reef is fished up, and (B) the algal reef is in water;
FIG. 3 shows the secondary adhesion of the transplanted rhizoid of Sargassum in example 1, (A) showing that the rhizoid is secondarily adhered to the algal reef block by transferring it to the nylon rope, and (B) showing that the rhizoid grows to cross the nylon rope and secondarily adheres to the algal reef block, and the arrow indicates the rhizoid of Sargassum;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the time course of survival and secondary attachment of transplanted Sargassum in example 1;
FIG. 5 shows the secondary adhesion of the transplanted sargassum pseudorhizomes outside the artificial algal reef in example 1, (A) shows that the pseudorhizomes grow by spreading and adhere to the surface of the surrounding large-volume riprap for the second time, and (B) shows that the pseudorhizomes grow independently after adhering to the surrounding riprap for the second time, and the arrows in the figure indicate the pseudorhizomes of the sargassum which are adhered to the second time;
FIG. 6 is a comparative analysis of body length and body weight of transplanted Sargassum versus native Sargassum in example 1;
FIG. 7 shows the regenerated seedlings from the rhizoid vegetative propagation of gulfweed transplanted in example 1, wherein (A) shows that the main branch of gulfweed has not been completely broken off, and (B) shows that the main branch of gulfweed has been completely broken off, and the arrow indicates the regenerated seedlings.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to illustrate and practice the present invention and are included within the scope of the invention and are intended to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Example 1
The method for transplanting the gulfweed semilobar seedling to the artificial riprap shoreline provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparation of seedling rope
The seedling rope is a nylon rope with the diameter of 4mm formed by twisting 3 strands of embryos, the nylon rope with the length of 100-plus 150cm is cut, two ends of the rope are knotted, 3 strands of embryos are prevented from being loosened when the rope clamps the seedlings, the gulfweed seedlings are prevented from falling off, and the seedling rope is soaked in natural seawater for 1 month;
(2) sargassum seedling preparation
After the ebb tide is removed in the early heavy tide stage of 1 month, collecting more than 200 sargassum semilobayense plants with complete shapes in undamaged facies intertidal zones of the Bay, wherein the length of an alga body is 5-10cm, the alga body is transported to a seedling raising workshop with seawater, plugging the collected sargassum semilobayense seedling false roots into 3 embryo spaces of seedling ropes, screwing, clamping 3-10 sargassum semilobayense seedlings on each seedling rope, and temporarily culturing the seedling clamping rope in a water pool;
(3) algal reef preparation
Selecting stones with the length of 20-30cm, the width of 10-20cm and the thickness of 8-12cm from an intertidal zone of an artificial riprap shoreline in a Bay, adhering oyster shells to the surfaces of the stones, tightly winding the stone along the oyster shells on the surfaces of the stones by the seedling clamping rope, tightly attaching the artificial roots of the gulfweed seedlings to the stones, tightly binding two ends of the seedling rope by a binding belt, and preventing the seedling rope from loosening (shown in figure 1);
(4) transplanting intertidal zone
When the tide is ebried in the heavy tide, according to the shape and the layout of the riprap shoreline low-tide riprap, the manufactured algal reef is thrown in the medium-low tide zone and is stably embedded between the riprap, the algal reef is prevented from moving when meeting sea waves, and the algal surface of the algal reef is ensured to face upwards or face against waves. Need not a large amount of manual management during the sea area is cultivated, every month according to the morning and evening tides height that rises, the position of adjustment algal reef to the tidal zone of putting is too high, receives the exposure of dried dew for a long time and stresses, and the tidal zone of putting in order to avoid simultaneously is low excessively, and illumination is not enough to influence the growth, and the sea water is unfavorable for discovering the observation algal reef deeply moreover.
(5) Survival and Secondary attachment of transplanted Sargassum
And after transplanting, the tide water returns to a high tide low tide line every month, the algal reefs are fished up, the survival quantity and the secondary attachment quantity of the gulfweed are recorded and are compared with the natural gulfweed in the undamaged area. The results showed that the transplanted sargassum were viable and secondarily attached (fig. 2 and 3), the survival rate was gradually decreased with time, and became stable for 3 months, about 45% at 5 months, but the number of the viable sargassum was gradually decreased, the secondary attachment rate was gradually decreased, and 54% of the transplanted sargassum seedlings were successfully secondarily attached to the algal reef surface at 5 months (fig. 4).
The seedling rope plays a role in auxiliary transfer, the creeping growth of the gulfweed rhizoid can gradually cross the seedling rope, the gulfweed rhizoid can be secondarily attached to the artificial algal reef stone and can also be spread to the outside of the artificial algal reef to be secondarily attached to the surface of the surrounding large-volume riprap to independently grow (figure 5), and the gulfweed rooting in the artificial riprap shoreline area is really realized.
And in each month after transplantation, when the tide water drops to a high tide low tide line, selecting 6 transplanted gulfweed plants, measuring the body length and the body weight of each gulfweed plant, measuring the body length of each gulfweed plant by using a ruler, weighing by using a steelyard, calculating a gulfweed body length-body weight regression equation, clamping the 6 gulfweed plants on the algal reef seedling rope again, and calculating the gulfweed body length-body weight regression equation in each month in the future. Measuring the body length of the survival gulfweed every month, calculating the body weight of each transplanted gulfweed according to the body length-body weight relationship, and measuring the body length and the body weight of the natural gulfweed. The transplanted sargassum and the natural sargassum both increase remarkably with time (P <0.05), reach the maximum value in 4 months and decrease remarkably in 5 months (P < 0.05). The transplanted sargassum has significantly lower body length and weight than that of natural sargassum (P <0.05) from 3 months. The maximum body length of the transplanted sargassum and the maximum body length of natural sargassum are (42.04 +/-14.51) cm/strain and (120.77 +/-18.29) cm/strain respectively in month 4, and the maximum body weight is (33.83 +/-12.90) g/strain and (100.05 +/-22.91) g/strain respectively. In 5 months, the main branches of the natural gulfweed start to rot, the body length and the body weight are reduced, but the main branches are not broken and do not enter the rhizoid propagation stage, while the main branches of the transplanted gulfweed are rotted and broken, and the rhizoids are left to enter the vegetative propagation stage (figure 6), which shows that the transplanted gulfweed is used for continuing the population, the self growth is ended in advance, and offspring are propagated and propagated through the rhizoids.
(6) Vegetative propagation of transplanted sargassum
After 4 months of transplantation, the tide water is reduced to a high tide low tide line, the algal reefs are fished up, and the morphological development condition of the transplanted sargassum is observed. The result shows that the rhizoid of the transplanted sargassum can spread and grow to cover the surface of the algal reef in a large area, one rhizoid can sprout out a plurality of new seedlings, the rhizoid of the transplanted sargassum has strong reproductive capacity, and the nutrition reproduction can successfully provide a large number of seedlings for the artificial riprap shoreline area and promote the sargassum to further colonize in the artificial riprap shoreline area (figure 7).
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing a seaweed field on an artificial riprap shoreline by adopting a rope-wound stone-wound algal reef is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling rope, and soaking the seedling rope by adopting seawater;
(2) collecting half-leaf gulfweed seedlings, and arranging rhizomes of the gulfweed seedlings on seedling ropes to obtain seedling clamping seedling ropes;
(3) selecting a stone block with oyster shells attached to the surface, winding the stone block on the seedling clamping rope tightly along the oyster shells on the surface of the stone block, tightly attaching rhizoids of the gulfweed seedlings to the stone block, and then tying two ends of the seedling rope to prevent the seedling rope from loosening so as to prepare the algal reef;
(4) when the tide is subsided in the heavy tide stage, the manufactured algal reef is placed in a middle and low tide zone of an artificial riprap shoreline, the algal reef is fixed between ripraps, the gulfweed seedling surface of the algal reef is ensured to be upward or arranged facing the waves, and the sea area cultivation is carried out;
(5) through the sea area cultivation, the rhizoid creeping growth of gulfweed seedling not only can cross the seedling rope and adhere to artifical algal reef stone surface, can also stretch to outside the artifical algal reef secondary be attached to around the stone surface of throwing of bulky to reproduce new seedling through the nutrition, throw the stone shoreline generation at the manual work and breed the population, promote the structure and the recovery in gulfweed field.
2. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the length of the nylon rope in the step (1) is 100-150cm, and the diameter is 3-5 mm; the seedling rope is a nylon rope formed by twisting 3 strands of embryos together, and the two ends of the nylon rope are knotted, so that 3 strands of embryos are prevented from being loosened when the rope clamps seedlings, and the gulfweed seedlings are prevented from falling off.
3. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), natural seawater is adopted for soaking treatment for 25-35 days.
4. The rope-wound and stone-wound algal reef of claim 1 is used for constructing an algal field on an artificial riprap shoreline, and is characterized in that: and (3) collecting natural gulfweed seedlings in the gulf of great asia at the beginning of 1 month every year, wherein the length of the gulfweed seedlings is 8-15cm, and the shape of the gulfweed seedlings is complete.
5. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the artificial riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the rhizoid of the gulfweed seedling is inserted into 3 strands of embryos of the seedling rope so as to be arranged on the seedling rope, 3-10 half-leaf gulfweed seedlings are clamped on each seedling rope to obtain a seedling clamping rope, and then the seedling clamping rope is temporarily cultured in a water tank.
6. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the artificial riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) collecting the stones in the intertidal zone of the artificial riprap shoreline of the Bay in the great Asia.
7. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the artificial riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the stone block is 20-30cm long, 10-20cm wide and 8-12cm thick.
8. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) binding the two ends of the seedling rope by using a binding belt in the step (3).
9. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the artificial riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) in the middle sea area cultivation period, a large amount of manual management is not needed, the position of the algal reefs is adjusted according to the rising and falling height of tides every month, so that the placed tidal zone is too high and is subjected to exposure stress of dried dew for a long time, meanwhile, the placed tidal zone is too low, the illumination is insufficient, the growth is influenced, and the algal reefs are not easy to find due to too deep seawater.
10. The method for constructing the seaweed field on the artificial riprap shoreline by adopting the rope-wound stone-type algal reef according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) in the middle sea area cultivation process in the step (4), when the tidal water returns to a high tide low tide line every month, taking out the algal reefs, and observing and measuring the growth and reproduction conditions of the transplanted gulfweed on site.
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